تببین الگوی مشاورهای پیشگیری از انتقال آزردگیهای روانی والدین به فرزندان نوجوان: یک نظریهی داده بنیاد
محورهای موضوعی : مشاوره
مریم معادی اصفهان
1
(استادیار روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.)
معصومه اسمعیلی
2
(استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.)
سمیه کاظمیان
3
(دانشیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.)
ابراهیم نعیمی
4
(دانشیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: آزردگیهای روانی, انتقال بین نسلی, نوجوان, مرور زندگی, نظریهی دادهبنیاد,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف تعیین ویژگیهای فرآیندی، فنی و محتوایی الگوی مشاورهای پیشگیری از انتقال آزردگیهای روانی والدین به فرزندان نوجوان صورت گرفت. مطالعه از نوع کیفی، با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد و از طریق نمونهگیری هدفمند و نظری انجام شد. جامعهی موردپژوهش از بین والدین ۳۵ تا ۵۰ سال دارای فرزند نوجوان ساکن شهر تهران انتخاب شدند كه بهصورت داوطلبانه در مصاحبه حضور پیدا کردند. با استفاده از مصاحبه عمیق و نیمهساختاریافته، دادهها جمعآوری و پس از تحقق اشباع نظری در مصاحبهی هجدهم، بهمنظور تحلیل دادهها از روش گلیزر استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها در چهار مؤلفهی آزردگیهای ناشی از فضای ارتباطی، آزردگیهای ناشی از تعاملات، آزردگیهای ناشی از شیوهی تربیتی و آزردگیهای ناشی از موقعیت معیشتی به همراه عوامل ادراک آن دستهبندی گردید. سپس براساس دادههای بهدستآمده، الگوی مشاورهای پیشگیری از انتقال آزردگیهای روانی والدین به فرزندان در قالب شش فرایند شامل اﯾﺠﺎد راﺑﻄﻪ همدلانه و توأم با اعتماد؛ سنجش و ارزیابی؛ مواجهه با مقاومتها؛ آگاهیبخشی؛ مطرح کردن هستیشناسی جدید با تأکید بر اصل انتخاب آگاهانه و مسئولیتپذیری؛ عمل براساس دیدگاه جدید و استحکامبخشی طراحی گردید. با توجه به یافتهها، در الگوی حاصله، انتظار می¬رود فرد بتواند گستره¬ی تجارب زیسته خود را از یک منظر رشدی و بر اساس یک هستیشناسی متفاوت، مورد بازبینی قرار داده و ضمن برطرف کردن آزردگیهای تجربه شده، فرزندپروری سالمتری را مبتنی بر اصلاح چرخه¬ی انتقال آزردگی از خانواده مبدأ ترسیم نماید.
The aim of this study was to determine the process, technical and content characteristics of the model of counseling for the prevention of transmission of parental psychological annoyance. The qualitative study was conducted with the Grounded theory approach and through purposive and theoretical sampling. The study population was selected from parents aged 35 to 50 years with adolescent children living in Tehran who participated in the interview voluntarily. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, data were collected and after the attainment of theoretical saturation in the eighteenth interview, Glaserian method was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis were categorized into four components: annoyance due to communication space, annoyance due to interactions, annoyance due to educational method and annoyance due to living situation along with its perception factors. Then, based on the obtained data, the model of counseling to prevent the transmission of parental psychological annoyance to children, was designed in the form of six processes, including empathetic and trustworthy Relationship; Assessment and evaluation; Facing resistance; informing; Introducing a new ontology with an emphasis on the principle of conscious choice and responsibility; The action based on a new perspective and reinforcement. According to the findings, in the obtained model, client is expected to be able to review the range of his lived experiences from a developmental perspective and based on a different ontology and create a healthier parenting based on the modification of the cycle of transmission of annoyance from the original family while relieving the experienced annoyances.
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