مقایسه تأثیر تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی و بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی بر اضطراب و افسردگی افراد سالمند
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
فاطمه کامران مهر
1
,
علیرضا فارسی
2
,
مریم کاویانی
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، روانشناسی ورزش، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دکتری رفتار حرکتی، استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، گروه علوم رفتاری و شناختی در ورزش، تهران، ایران.
3 - دکتری رفتار حرکتی، استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، گروه علوم رفتاری و شناختی در ورزش، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: ذهن آگاهی, اضطراب, سالمندی, بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، مقایسه تأثیر تمرینات ذهن آگاهی و بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی بر اضطراب و افسردگی سالمندان بود.روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان سالمند ساکن منطقه یک تهران در بهار 1398می شد. 33 زن سالمند (سه گروه 11نفری) به طور داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند. بر اساس نمره پیش‌آزمون اضطراب و افسردگی به سه گروه همگن 11 نفری ذهن آگاهی، بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. برای اندازه‌گیری اضطراب سالمندان از پرسشنامه اضطراب بک(Beck 1996) و برای افسردگی از پرسشنامه افسردگی بک( 1996 Beck) قبل و بعد از اعمال مداخلات استفاده شد. گروه ذهن آگاهی تمرینات ذهن آگاهی، گروه بیوفیدبک- آرامسازی ترکیب تمرینات بیوفیدبک - آرامسازی(چهار هفته‌ی سه جلسه‌ای) دریافت کردند. گروه کنترل در هیچ تمرینی شرکت نکرد. برای تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل کواریانس و آزمون تی همبسته استفاده شد. اضطراب، افسردگی در بین گروه ها تفاوت معنادار داشتند(001/< p ). با اینکه نمرات هر دو گروه بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی و گروه ذهن آگاهی در پس آزمون به طور معناداری بهتر از پیش آزمون شده بود و با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنادار داشت (005/< p )، اما تفاوت بین دو گروه ذهن آگاهی و بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی معنادار نبود(001/> p ). تمرینات ذهن آگاهی و بیوفیدبک-آرامسازی باعث بهبود و کاهش افسردگی و اضطراب سالمندان شد. اما بین اثر بخشی این تمرینات تفاوتی مشاهده نشد با توجه به اجرای راحت تر و به صرفه تر تمرینات ذهن آگاهی می توان تمرینات ذهن آگاهی را رویکردی کارآمد همانند تمرینات بیوفیدبک در نظر گرفت.
The aime of this study was to compare the effect of mindfulness training and bio-feedback -relaxation on anxiety, depression in the elderly. The research method was semi-empirical in the type of pretest–posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all elderly women living in distinct 1 of Tehran in 98 spring .33 (65-65 years) (three groups of 11 each) were voluntarily selected. On the basis of pre-test score of anxiety and depression, they were divided into three groups of 11 homogeneous mindfulness, biofeedback-relaxation and control groups. Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory (Beck, 1996) were used to measure the anxiety and depresstion before and after intervention. Mindfulness group received Mindfulness training and biofeedback- relaxation group recived combination of biofeedback training and relaxation (four sessions three weeks). The control group did not participate in any exercise. Analysis of covariance and paired t-test were used for data analysis. Anxiety and depression were significantly different between the groups (P<0/001). Although the scores of both biofeedback-relaxation and mindfulness groups in the post-test were significantly better than the pre-test and were significantly different from the control group (p <0.05), the difference between mindfulness and biofeedback-relaxation groups was not significant (p> 0.05). Mindfulness and biofeedback-relaxation exercises improve and reduce depression and anxiety in the elderly. But there was no difference between the effectiveness of these exercises. Given the easier and more convinience practice of mindfulness exercises, mindfulness exercises can be considered as an efficient approach to biofeedback training.
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