اثربخشی هنردرمانی بر پایۀ نقاشی، بر اختلال اضطراب عمومی و ترس از آسیب فیزیکی در دانش‌آموزان پسر پایۀ چهارم دبستان
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیاکرم پاکزادمقدم 1 , قاسم عسکری زاده 2 , مسعود باقری 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی بخش روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر. کرمان. ایران.
2 - دانشیاربخش روان شناسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر. کرمان. ایران.
3 - دانشیاربخش روان شناسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر. کرمان. ایران.
کلید واژه: نقاشی‌درمانی, ترس از آسیب فیزیکی, هنردرمانی, دانش‌آموزان پسر پایۀ چهارم, اضطراب عمومی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر بخشی هنردرمانی بر پایۀ نقاشی، بر اختلال اضطراب عمومی و ترس از آسیب فیزیکی در دانش‌آموزان دبستانی بود. طرح پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون – پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری کلیۀ دانش‌آموزان پسر پایۀ چهارم ابتدایی شهر کرمان در سال 97-96 بودند. از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای استفاده گردید و از بین دبستان‌های پسرانۀ شهر کرمان تصادفاً سه مدرسه انتخاب و سپس نمونه‌گیری شد. 47 دانش‌آموز که بر اساس پرسشنامۀ اضطرب (Spence, 1998)نمرۀ اضطراب بالایی داشتند انتخاب شدند و در نهایت پس از همتاسازی بر اساس نمرات اضطراب، 30 دانش‌آموز ، به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفرۀ آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. جلسات هنردرمانی بر پایۀ نقاشی، بر روی دانش‌آموزان گروه آزمایش طی 12 جلسۀ 90 دقیقه‌ای به صورت دو روز در هفته اجرا شد. دانش‌آموزان گروه کنترل در این مدت هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. در پایان مداخله، پرسشنامۀ اضطراب (Spence, 1998) بر روی دانش‌آموزان دو گروه اجرا شد. داده با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که هنردرمانی بر پایۀ نقاشی، باعث کاهش اختلال اضطراب عمومی و ترس از آسیب فیزیکی در دانش‌آموزان دبستانی شده است.0/05) (p<
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05).
Altay, N., Kilicarslan-Toruner, E., & Sari, C. (2017). The effect of Drawing and Writing Technique on the Anxiety Level of Children Unergoing Cancer Treatment. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 28, 1-6.
American Psychiatric Association. (2015). American Psychiatric Association.
Anxiety and Depression Association of America. Facts & Statistics. (2014). http://www.adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics.
Atkinson, Rita, L., Atkinson, Richard C., Smith, Edward E.; Bam, Daryl J., and Hoxma, Susan Nolan. (2005).Full text of Hilgard's field of psychology. Editor Mohammad Naghi Braheni. Tehran: Roshd Publications. [persian]
Attari B, Shafiabadi A, and Salimi H. (2011). The Effectiveness of Painting Art Education on Reducing Anxiety in Elementary School Students. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture.; 2, (8):64-47. [persian].
Beebe, A., Gelfand, E., & Bender, B. (2010). A randomized trial to test the effectivenss of art therapy for children with asthma . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 126(2), 263-266 e1.
Beh Pajooh, Ahmad and Nouri, Farideh. (2002). The effect of painting therapy in reducing the aggressive behaviors of mentally retarded students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences. 32, (2), 170-155.[persian].
Burner D.(2012). When Anxiety Strikes (New Anxiety Treatment Skills Without Medication). Translated by Mehdi Gharache Daghi. Tehran: zehn aviz Publishing. [persian].
Cadesson H G, and Schaefer Ch E. (2010). 101 Game Therapy Technique. Translated by Goddess Muhammad Ismail. Tehran: Danzhe. [persian].
Cassidy, S., Turnbull, S., & Gumley, A. (2014). Exploring core processes facilitating therapeutic change in Dramatherapy: A grounded theory analysis of published case studies. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(4), 353–365.
Chorpita, B.F., Daleiden, EL., Ebesutani, C., et al. (2011). Evidence-Based Treatments for Children and Adolescents: An Updated Review of Indicators of Efficacy and Effectiveness. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 18,154–72
Connolly S.D., and Bernstein, G.A. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(2), 267-283.
Creswell K, and Wiltz L. (2008). Overcome fear and worry in children. Translated by Siavash Jamalifar, Tehran:ravan;. [persian].
Czamanski-Cohen, J., & Weihs, K. L. (2016). Research article: The bodymind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 63–71.
Davison Gerald C, Neal John M, and Kring A. (2013). Psychopathology. Translated by Mehdi Dehestani. Tehran: edited. [persian].
Di Leo, Joseph. (1996). Interpretation of children's paintings. Translated by Fatemeh Forouzan. Tehran: Welfare Organization,. [persian].
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran:nashre ravan.[persian].
Diani N, Karami A, and Mofidi F. (2011). The Effectiveness of Handicraft and Painting Activities Based on Multidimensional Planning Model on Reduction of Anxiety in Children of 4 to 6 Years of Tehran Ameneh Milk.[M.A.dissertation]. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University. [persian].
Ennis, G., Kirshbaum, M., & Waheed, N. (2018). The Beneficial Arttibutes of Visual Art – making in Cancer Care: An Integrative Review. European Journal of Cancer Care, 27(1).
Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., Sasagawa, S., & Ollendick, T. H. (2012). Prevention of anxiety symptoms in children: Results from a universal school-based trial. Behavior Therapy, 43(2), 450–464.
Ferry, L. M. (2016). Turning Anxiety into Creativity: Using Postmodern Principles to Alleviate Anxiety and Stress through the Art Curriculum and Beyond. ERIC, page 108.
Flett, J. A. M., Lie, C., Riordan, B. C., Thompson, L. M., Conner, T. S., & Hayne, H. (2017). Sharpen Your Pencils: Preliminary Evidence that Adult Coloring Reduces Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety. Creativity Research Juornal, 29(4), 409-416.
Ghoji Bigloo Sh, Shir Abadi A, Jani S, and Pourasmeili A. (2015). Effectiveness of art therapy based on painting therapy in reducing anxiety in stuttering children . Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 23, (2), 60-53. [persian].
Hill, C., Waite, P., & Creswell, C. (2016). Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolesents. Elsevir Ltd. All rights reserved.
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2013). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004690.pub3
James, A., Soler, A., Weatherall, R. (2009). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 4.
Jiang, J., Rickson, D., & Jiang, C. (2016). The mechanism of music for reducing psychological stress: Music preference as a mediator. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 48, 62–68.
Kalhory taghosy F, and Rahimi Nasab M. (2016). The Effectiveness of Art Therapy in Reducing Anxiety and Aggression in Overactive Children. The First International Conference on Modern Research in Educational and Psychological Sciences and Social Studies in Iran, [persian].
Kapitan, L. (2014). The neuroscience of Art therapy and Trauma. Art Therapy Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 31(2), 50-51.
Katz, C., Hamama, L. (2013). Draw me everything that happened to you. Exploring children's drawings of sexual abuse. Child Youth ServRev, 35(5), 877-82.
Land Garten H. Clinical Art Therapy. (2007). Translated by Kianoush Hashemian and Elham Abu Hamza. Tehran: Danzhe; p. 12. [persian].
Legerstee, J.S., Garnefski, N., Jellesma, F.C., Verhulst, F.C., & Utens, E M. (2010). Cognitive coping and childhood anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 19, 143–150.
Liebman M. Art therapy for groups. (2009). Translated by Alizadeh Mohammadi. Tehran: ghatreh;. [persian].
Malchiodi, C. A. (2015). Creative interventions with traumatized children. New York, NY: Guilford.
Milani Farr, Behrouz. (2014). Exceptional Kids Psychology, Publishing,ghumes. [Persian]
Mohammadi A, and Radin A. (2017). The Effectiveness of Painting Based Art Therapy on Reducing Depression, Anxiety and Retirement in Preschool Children. Journal of Analytical-Cognitive Psychology,; 8,(27): 51-43. [persian].
Moradi MR, and Ghamraie A. (2018). The Impact of Painting Therapy on Internalizing Disorders of Students with Learning Disabilities. Proceedings of the National Conference on Children with Special Needs. [persian].
Naqdishi, Mahsa and Aalami, Mehdi. (2015). The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in children with autism. The second International Conference on Psychology, Educational Sciences and Lifestyle.[persian].
National Institute of Mental Health. Any Anxiety Disorder among Children. )2016( http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/any-anxiety-disorder-among-children.shtml.
Rezaei S, khodabakhshi kolaee A, and Takhawai, D. (2015). The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy on Reducing Anxiety and Aggression in Male Preschool Children with Externalized Disorders. Journal of Pediatric Nursing; 2:19-10. [persian].
Rosenhall, David L. and Seligman, Martin E.p. (2011). Psychopathology Volume One. Fourteenth Edition. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Savalan Publishing.[persian].
Rouhi A. (2014). Theoretical and Practical Approaches to Child Anxiety Disorders. Exceptional education. 14, (3). [persian].
Saeedynia, M., Farajloo, A., Pashapoor, L., & Raadi, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Art Therapy on Decreasing on Anxiety and Aggression in Preschoolers. Journal of Applied Psychology & Behavioral Science, 3 (1), 41-45.
Sarid, O., & Huss, E. (2010). The Arts in Psychotherapy Trauma and Acute Stress Disorder: A comparison between cognitive behavioral intervention and art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, 8-12.
Sharp, Sonia & Curry, Helen. (2012). Counseling and protecting children against disabilities. Translated by Susan Aghajanbloglu. Ninth Edition. Tehran: Varjavand Publishing.p.70. [persian].
Shella, T. A. (2018). Art Therapy Improves Mood, and Reduces Pain and Anxiety When Offered at Bedside During Acute Hospital Treatment. Science direct the Arts in Psychotherapy, 57, 59-64.
Silver, Rowley. (2012). Motivational painting and its application in the evaluation of emotions and cognitive skills. Translated by Davood Arab Ghahestani and Farzaneh Vahdat Charity, Tehran: Roshd Publications; 2012. [persian].
Simon, E., & Bögels, S. M. (2009). Screening for anxiety disorders in children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 18, 625-634.
Slayton, S. C., D’Archer, J., & Kaplan, F. (2010). Outcome Studies on the Efficacy of Art Therapy: A Review of Findings. Art Therapy Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 27(3), 108-118.
Spence, S. H. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 545–566.
Tomkins, Michael E and Martinez, Catherine E (2011). My anxious mind. Translated by Badr al-Din Asmani. Isfahan: Negin's role. [persian].
Ugurlu, N., Akca, L., & Acarturk, c. (2016). An art therapy intervention for symptoms of post – traumatic stress, depression and anxiety among Syrian refugee childrens. Journal Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 11(2), 89-102.
Viscarmy H A, Roshania S, and Mansouri L. (2017). The Impact of Painting on Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Female Students with Low Academic Achievement. International Conference on Psychology and Social Studies, Tehran, Kousha Gostar Conference Center. [persian].
Whiteside, S.P., Deacon, B.J., Benito, K., et al. (2016). Factors associated with practitioners’ use of exposure therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 40, 29–36.
Yazd Khusti F, Sajjadpour S H, Mortazavi S, & Abedi A. (2013). The Effectiveness of Art Therapy with Painting Approach on Fear of the Unknown in Elementary and Secondary Students in Bojnourd.[M.A.Dissertation]. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan University. [persian].
Zadeh Mohammadi A. (2009). Art Therapy (Introduction to Specialty Group Therapy). Tehran: Nashre ghatreh;. [persian].
_||_
