تأثیر استرس القایی بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری نسبت به محرک‌های هیجانی ـ غیرهیجانی
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتیزهرا خیر 1 , وحید نجاتی 2 , جلیل فتح آبادی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان
2 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
کلید واژه: محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی, میزان خطا, حافظه فعال دیداری, استرس,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر استرس بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی بود. این پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی با طرح پس‌آزمون ـ گروه کنترل بود. 60 دانشجو با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و براساس گمارش تصادفی در یکی ازگروههای آزمایش یا کنترل قرار گرفتند. فرایند القای استرس به کمک آزمون ارزیابی اجتماعی فشارزای آب سرد (SCPT) صورت پذیرفت و بلافاصله میزان فشارادراک شده براساس یک مقیاس 100 درجه‌ای اندازه‌گیری وشاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک آزمودنی ثبت گردید. سپس ازآزمون (n-back) (کریشنر، 1958) برای ارزیابی حافظه فعال دیداری استفاده شد. در نهایت میزان تلاش ذهنی در مقیاسی دیگر (زیجلسترا، 1993) ثبت گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان به شیوه درون‌گروهی مراحل فوق را تکمیل کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t همبسته و تحلیل واریانس دوراهه مختلط تحلیل شد. براساس یافته‌ها، میزان خطای حذف برای محرک‌های هیجانی بیشتر از محرک‌های غیرهیجانی و انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های منفی (01/0P= ) بیشتر از انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های مثبت (001/0P= ) بود. میزان خطای حذف در مردان (10M=) بیشتر از زنان (23/9M=) بود. به نظر می‌رسد که عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری تحت استرس به‌ویژه در محرک‌های منفی همانند حالت عادی نیست. به‌طور کلی، استرس با ایجاد اختلال در عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری منجر به افزایش میزان خطا در تکلیف یادآوری محرک ارایه شده می‌گردد.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of induced stress on the number of students’ visual working memory mistakes for emotional & none motional stimuli. This experimental study used a post-test with control group design. 60 students were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Through Socially Evaluated Cold-Pressor Test, stress was induced and perceived stress was measured by using a scale consisted of 100 points and then the level of Physiological signs of participants were checked. Afterward, an n-back task (Kirchner, 1958) was used to evaluate the visual working memory. Finally, the participants’ mental attempts were evaluated by another scale (Zijlstra, 1993). Each participant, through a between groups design, completed different stages of the study. Mixed-model ANOVA and Paired t-test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, the number of omission errors in emotional stimuli were significantly more than none emotional stimuli, in which negative stimuli (P=0.01) were wrongly selected more than positive ones significantly (P=0.001). Also, males (M=10) made more omission mistakes than females (M=9.23). It seems that the function of visual working memory under stress is not as normal condition, especially for negative stimuli. Generally, by impairing the function of visual working memory, stress increases the rate of mistakes in remembering the presented stimulus.
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