مقایسه درون‌مایه رستگاری موجود در داستان زندگی الکلی‌های موفق و ناموفق در ترک الکل
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
1 - گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد بویین‌زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بویین‌زهرا، ایران
کلید واژه: داستان زندگی, رستگاری, اعتیاد به الکل, ترک اعتیاد, الکلی‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا وجود درون‌مایه رستگاری در داستان‌های زندگی (این‌که فرد تجربه‌های ناخوشایند زندگی خود را باعث‌وبانی تحولات مثبت در شخصیت خود بداند) در الکلی‌های موفق و ناموفق در ترک الکل متفاوت هست یا خیر. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، همه الکلی‌های شهر مشهد در سال ۹۲ (حدود سه هزار نفر) بود و 127 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس گزینش شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش، داستان زندگی آزمودنی‌ها بود. متغیرهای کنترل نیز با نسخه بازبینی‌شده آزمون نگاه به زندگی (اسکایر، کارور و بریجز، 1994)، خرده مقیاس احساسات افسرده از مقیاس افسردگی مرکز پژوهش‌های همه‌گیر شناختی (ردلاف، 1977)، آزمون زمان‌بندی هیجان‌های مثبت و منفی (واتسن، کلارک و تلیجن، 1988)، زیرمقیاس اضطراب را از پرسشنامه کوتاه نشانه‌ها (دیراگتیس، 1975)، زیرمقیاس‌های توانایی و کوشش از مقیاس علّیت چند بُعدی-چند اِسنادی (لفکورت، وان بیایر، ویر و کاکس، 1979)، مقیاس وابستگی به الکل (اسکینر و آلن، 1992)، مقیاس شرکت در الکلی‌های گمنام (تونیگن، کانرس و میلر، 1996)، مقیاس پنج ماده‌ای سلامت عمومی از نسخه کوتاه زمینه‌یابی سلامت (ویر و شربورن، 1992)، اندازه‌گیری شدند. با روش علی-مقایسه‌ای، زندگی- داستان الکلی‌هایی که 4 سال و بیشتر، از الکل پرهیز کرده‌اند (در ترک الکل موفق بودند) با زندگی- داستان الکلی‌هایی که 6 ماه یا کمتر، از الکل پرهیز کرده بودند (در ترک الکل ناموفق بودند) مقایسه شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های 2c، rpb و F استفاده شد. نتیجه نشان داد که الکلی‌های موفق در ترک الکل به گونه‌ای معنادار بیشتر از الکلی‌های ناموفق در ترک الکل به این نکته اشاره کرده بودند که تجربه تلخ آخرین بار مصرف الکل باعث رستگاری آنها (تحولات مثبت در شخصیت آنها) شده است (001/0>p < /span>). این تفاوت حتی پس از کنترل آماری متغیرهای نامربوط (صفات شخصیت، شدت وابستگی به الکل، میزان شرکت در برنامه ترک، سلامت جسمی و روانی و سایر درون‌مایه‌های داستان زندگی) همچنان معنادار باقی ماند (04/0=p < /span>). این پژوهش، برای اولین بار در ایران ثابت کرد که ادراک رویدادهای ناخوشایند زندگی به عنوان عواملی که به تغییرات مثبت در فرد کمک کرده‌اند، می‌تواند به ترک اعتیاد کمک کند.
The purpose of this study was to answer the question of whether the themes of salvation in the life stories (ie, the person experiences unpleasant life events as causing positive changes in his character) is different in alcoholics who are successful and unsuccessful in alcohol withdrawal. The population for this study were all alcoholics of Mashhad in 1992 (N=3000), and 127 alcoholics were selected by convenience sampling method. The main research tool were life stories of participants. Control variables were measured using revised life view test (skier, Carver, and Bridges, 1994), depressive feelings subscale of Epidemiological Research Centre depression scale (Radlaf, 1977), positive and negative emotions timing test (Watson, Clark, and Tleejen, 1988), anxiety subscale of short scale of symptoms (Dyragtys, 1975) subscales of the ability and efforts of multidimentional causality scale (Lfkvrt, Van Byayr, Weir, and Cox, 1979), alcohol dependence scale (Skinner and Allen, 1992), the scale of participation in Alcoholics anonymous (Tvnygn, Kanrs, and Miller, 1996), a five-point scale general health of short version health survey (Weir and Sherborne, 1992). Using a causal-comparative design, the life stories of alcoholic who had four or more years of alcohol withdrawal (ie were successful in alcohol) were compared with life stories of alcoholics who were 6 months or less of alcohol withdrawal (ie, unsuccessful in quitting alcohol). The data were analyzed using χ2, rpb, and F. Results showed that successful alcoholics significantly more than unsuccessful ones pointed in their life stories that bitter experience of last alcohol caused positive developments in their characters (p>0/001). This difference remained significant even after statistically controlling for unrelated variables (personality traits, severity of alcohol dependence, physical and mental health, and other themes in the story) (p=0/04). This study proved for the first time that the perception of the unpleasant events of life as factors that have contributed to positive changes in a person, can help to quit alcohol addiction.
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