Analysis of Tourism Effects on Economic, Socio-Cultural and Environmental Development of Astara City Using Chi-square Model
محورهای موضوعی : Geography and tourism planning, geography and urban planning, urban planning, architecture, geography and rural planning, political geographyMaria Nahavandpour 1 , Mohsen Ranjbar 2 , Hossein Mojtaba Zadeh Khaneghahi 3
1 - PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University,North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Faculty member of Geography Department, Islamic Azad University,
Yadegaramam, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - PhD.Faculty member of Geography Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
The tourism industry, as one of the leading developing industries, has a special place in the economies of countries today and with its effects plays an active and effective role in improving the economic, socio-cultural and environmental structure of societies. Astara city, with its special capabilities and tourism opportunities, has a special place in tourism in Gilan province. The nature of this applied research is descriptive-analytical method and its purpose is developmental. The statistical population of this study is all residents of Astara city and using Cochran's formula and Jesse Morgan's table, 383 people are considered as the sample size. This research was conducted by survey method and the validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98. The results indicate that the development of tourism has had a significant effect on the development of Astara city. The results of the Chi-square test show that tourism has played a significant role in increasing employment and job opportunities, increasing the income of the local community from retailing goods and renting villas and housing, improving local infrastructure, reducing migration and increasing participation in collective work. Finally, according to the research results, practical suggestions are presented.
Abdullahzade,GH.,Shahkoohi,A.2013.Identifying and explaning the factors affecting the success of tourism businesses in rural areas (case study:Ziarat village of Gorgan city).Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography.5(2).PP:93-107
Adalat, Z., Asgari,M .,and Yousefi , F. 2013. Creating Employment in Border Areas and Its Impact on Regional Security (Case Study of Stara County), Scientific and Extension Quarterly of the Faculty of Border Sciences and Technologies, Vol 4, No 2, Pp:8-12
Akbarian Ronizi ,S. Rezvani,M.2016. Analysis of the Sustainability of Tourism Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Central District of Damavand County). Human Geography Research Volume 47 Spring 2015 No. 1 .pp:114-119
AyhanAkis (2010). «The effects ofmass tourism: Acase study from Manavgat (Antalya –Turkey)»,The 2nd International Geography SymposiumGEOMED, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences ,NO 19 ,PP:289–296
Azi Mohammad, Z, Shariat Panahi, Majid Vali. (1395). The Role of Tourism Capabilities in Urban Development: A Case Study of District 22 of Tehran. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography ,Volume 8 ,No (3), Pp:85-98.
Badieie,R.1983,Detailed Geography of Iran,Issue 6,Vol Vaziri,Igbal.1378. 272page
Barker ,M and page stephe j 2002 visitor saftly in urban tourism environment:case study aukland newziland cities ,Vol 19,N 3,pp:247-249
Bazen,M,1988,Talesh (an ethnic region in northern Iran),Translate by Mozafar Amin Farshchian,Volume 1,Ghods Razavi Province,1394 ,Pages:58-59
Colantonio, A., Potter, R. B. (2006). Urban Tourism and development in the socialist state. London: ashgate
Darvishi,H.,PouRamazan ,I.and,Molaei Hashjin,N.2019.Analysis of the role of tourism in the economic development of rural areas of Rudsar city in the last two decades.Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12thYear ,vol 12,No(3 ).Pp:365-379
David, T. M., (2011), "An assessment of morro bay residents’ attitudes toward and knowledge about tourism: setting the foundation for sustainable tourism development", Master’ Thesis, Department of recreation, parks and tourism administration, Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Ebrahimnia Samakoush, S., Khaksari, A., Latifi, Gh.,and Damadi,M .2013.Evaluation of the role of urban tourism in the economic-environmental development of Babolsar, Journal of Economics and Urban Management in the first,No (3).Pp:18
Ehsani,A.2016.Ecotourism Away to Sustainable tourism, Mahkameh poublications, Vol 2.pages:280
Faraji Rad, A and Seyed Jhaleh, Nasiri (2010). «Analytical Approaches to Sustainable Tourism Development ofthe City», Geographical Quarterly ofthe Territory, Scientifi andResearch, seventh year, No. 25, pp. 32-40. [In Persian]
Gee, C. Y. (1994). Residents Attitudes Towards Tourism: a longitudinal study. Spey Valley Scotland Tourism Management,Vol 15(4), pp:247-258
Geographical Organization of Peace Forces, Topographic Maps 1.500000 Astara, Choobar
Hajinejad, Al,. Pourtaheri, M,and Ahmadi, A. (2013). «The Impacts ofCommercial Tourism on the Development ofUrban Space In Urban Areas Case Study: Baneh City», Human Geographic Researches (Geographic Researches), Volume 41, Issue 70, pp: 91-109
Hall, C.M., Page, S. J. (2001). Tourism and Recreation. London: Routledge
Harssel, V. (1994). Tourism an Exploration. London: Printic
Jahedi, Fatima (2007). Tourism Role in Regional Development ofGorgan, Master’s Thesis, Tehran University. [In Persian]
-Karimi,D.2016.Economic effects of travel and tourism in iran.Tehran champer of commerce,industrises,mines,and agriculture,Deputy of economic studies
King, B., Pizam, A.,and Milman, A. (1993). Social Impacts of Tourism. Host Perceptions Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 445-465.
Lotfi, H., and Tabei,A. 2014. Tourism Development Management and Planning with Emphasis on Qeshm Geopark, National Conference on Tourism, National Capitals and Future Vision , Isfahan, Research Institute of Geographical Sciences
Lotfi, H.,Musazadeh ,H.,Jourablo,K.2019,A Study of the Approach and Role of Religious Tourism in Urban Development A Study in the Holy City of Mashhad, The First International Conference on Lut Desert Tourism; Local and International Opportunities , Birjand-Birjand University - Shaukatabad Campus, Birjand University.
Mc Intryre, George. (1993). Sustainable Tourism Development :Guide for Local Planners. Madrid: World Tourism Organization (WTO).
Mohammadi ,m. khalifah ,z. hosseini, h.(2010).Local People Perceptions toward Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Kermanshah (Iran).Asian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 11.pp:223-225
Movahed, A. (2007). Urban Tourism, Ahvaz. Chamran University Press. (1995). Urban tourism.
Nobert,V,H.2015.Economics of tourism destinations.Mahkameh publications,Vol 2,pp:512
Pearce, D. G. (2001). an Integrative Framework for Urban Tourism Research. Annals of Tourism Research,Vol (28), 41-49.
-Rezvani,M.R.2008. Rural tourism development (with a sustainable tourism approach), Tehran: University of Tehran,No 29,pages 397
Sabz Andish Payesh Consulting Engineers Company (SAP)2008.
Sajjadi, P,and Karimpour Reyhan, M. (2016). Investigating tourism development strategies in Arvand Free Zone. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography , Vol 8,No 4,Pp:15-28.
Salehi, S.,And Pazoukinejad, Z. 2016. Environmental Sustainability in Tourist Resorts) Case Study: Selected Cities of Mazandaran Province, Geographical Space Quarterly,Vol 17, No. 60,Pp:211-214
Salehifard, M, 2011, Rural Tourism Basics of Planning and Structural Plans, Katibeh Publications
-Schorner,b.,2010,Sustainable Mountain tourism development Iiustratein the case of switzerland,pp:87-108
Shahabian, P. (2004). Health and Sustainable Urban Development. Shahrsaz Journal,No 3, pp:36-40
Sharifi Renani, H., Safai Shakib, M,and Emadzadeh, M. (2001). «The Effect of Tourism on Iran’s Economic Growth JournalofFinancialEconomics(Financial and Development Economics), Volume 2, Issue 6, PP 42-44
Statistics Center of Iran ,2017, Selection of the Results of the General Census of Population and Housing 1395, Publications of the Office of the President, Public Relations and International Cooperation
Statistics Center of Iran, Population and Housing Census of Gilan Province, 2006 and 2016.
Swarbrooke, J. (2000), “Marketing Management”, Sustainable Tourism Management, CABI Publishing, UK, PP:217-227
Tahmasebi J. and Majidi, R (2005). «Tourism Landscape South Coast of the Caspian Sea and Its Effects on the Development of Towns and Villages in Area (Case Study: City Tonekabon)», Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Role ofTourism Development in Mazandaran Province, Tehran: Resanesh Publication.
Timothy, Dallen J. and Geoffrey wall (1995): «Tourist Accommodation in an Asian Historic city», The Journal of Tourism Studies, Vo1 6,No 2.pp:63-68
Toloui, Mohammad Ibrahim (2016). «The Role of Tourism in Employment», Quarterly of Work and Society, (6 and 7) 65, pp. 2-10. [In Persian]
Tosum, C. (2001). Challenge of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Developing World. Tourism Management,NO 22, PP:2239-289.
Unwto(World Tourist Organization), (2016) Tourism 2030 vision.WTO Publications Unit, World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain
World Tourism Organization (WTO), (2004), “Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations: A Guidebook”.
World Tourist Organization (2016) Tourism 2030 vision.WTO Publications Unit, World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain.
Ziaei,M.Azizi,A.2014.Guide to the development and application of indicators for the evaluation of sustainable tourism development, Social Sciences publication,Vol 1, p: 196
