Evaluating the Role of Recycling Materials in Construction Industry (Case Study: City of Tehran)
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Environmental Friendly Materials
N. Afzali
1
(Architectural Engineering Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
S. Hamzehloo
2
(Architectural Engineering Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
Deploying new construction technologies and materials has solved many environmental problems caused by building waste materials, namely saves energy and natural resources, and reduces environmental pollutants through reusing and recycling building materials and increasing lifespan and durability of the materials. Nonetheless, in developing countries like Iran, due to lack of the Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste management plans and these new technologies, merely negligible amounts of C&D waste materials are recycled annually, resulting in environmental pollution and heavy costs in metropolitan cities such as Tehran. In this paper, along with reviewing previous researches done in the field of recycling building materials, their significant role and embodied energies in the environmental spaces was explained. The most important types of them (including plastics, textile, metal, glass, paper, aggregates, bricks, and wood), were identified to examine their potential in further plans and designs, as well as their unique recycling features and characteristics. The research method is descriptive-comparative, and after reviewing the existing literature, this issue has been considered in Tehran as one of the largest cities. Tehran is engaging with environmental pollution caused by C&D materials, especially mixing sand and cement, concrete, bricks which account for 30%, 19%, and 18% respectively. Finally, mid-term and long-term solutions were proposed in order to create a framework for the improvement of future recycling projects, especially in the city of Tehran.
[1] D. Rousseau, Sustainable Built Environment, 2(2001).
[2] S. Ahmari, Recycling and Reuse of Wastes as Construction Material through Geopolymerization, The University of Arizona, Ph.D Dissertation in Civil Engineering, 8 (2012), 225.
[3] M. R. Colin and A. Julia Stegemann, Sustainability, MDPI, 10 (2018), 229
[4] A. Asgari, T. Ghorbanian, N. Yousefi, D. Dadashzadeh, F. Khalili, A. Bagheri, M. Raei and A. H. Mahvi, J. Environmental Health Science & Engineering., 15(14) (2017).
[5] M. Kazemi, E. Rashidzadeh, A. Fathe-Baghali, Inter. J. Archit. Urban Dev., 5(4) (2015).
[6] Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). Designing out Waste Tool for Buildings;Waste & Resources Action Programme: Banbury, UK, (2010).
[7] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Waste Strategy for England 2007, Annex C3: Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste; Defra: London, UK, (2007).
[8] S. Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens after They’re Built; Viking Press: New York, NY, USA, (1994).
[9] F. Pomponi, Moncaster, A. Circular economy research in the built environment: A theoretical contribution. In Building Information Modelling, Building Performance, Design and Smart Construction; Dastbaz, M., Gorse, C., Eds.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, (2016).
[10] LondonWaste and Recycling Board (LWARB). London, the Circular Economy Capital: Towards a Circular Economy—Context and Oppoprtunities. (2015).
[11] C. Morgan, F. Stevenson, Design for Deconstruction—SEDA Design Guides for Scotland: No. 1; Scottish Ecological Design Association: Glasgow, UK, (2005).
[12] E. Brayan, Guidelines toward sustainable architecture. (Sh.Tehrani, Trans.). (2thed.). Tehran: Mehrazan, (2011).
[13] C. Scheuer, G. A. Keoleian, P. Reppe, Energy and Buildings, 35(2003), 1049.
[14] R. J. Cole, P. C. Kernan, Build. Envir., 31(1996), 307.
[15] S. Bastianoni, A. Galli, V. Niccolucci and R. M. Pulselli, WIT Trans. Ecol. Envir., 93(2006), 345.
[16] P. Hradil, A. Talja, M. Wahlström, S. Huuhka, J. Lahdensivu and J. Pikkuvirta, Re-use of structural elements, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, (2014).
[17] Publication 33/2013. Helsinki, Finland: Ministry of Employment and Economy of Finland, (2013).
[18] T. N. Ligthart, T. M. M. Ansems, InTech, (Post-Consumer Waste Recycling and Optimal Production., (2012).
[19] D. Soares, J. De Brito, J. Ferreira and J. Pacheco, Const and Build Mater., (2014).
[20] F. Özalp, H. D. Yılmaz, M. Kara, O. Kaya, A. Concrete pipes-Construction and Building Mater., 110(2016), 17.
[21] K. Shunsaku, K. Takao, Present Problems And Its Future. Elsevier Journal (vol. null), (2013), 151.
[22] G. Winkler, Recycling construction and demolition waste-A LEED based toolkit, Mcgraw Hills Green Source Series, (2010).
[23] A. Bansal, G. Mishra and S. Bishnoi, The 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment, Sri Lanka, (2016).
[24] J. De-Brito, N. Saikia, Recycled concrete in aggregate, Springer-Verlag London, (2013).
[25] R. Siddique, J. Khatib and I. Kaur, Waste Manag. 28 (10)(2008), 1835.
[26] V. T. Breslin, U. Senturk, C. C. Berndt, Res. Conserv. Recycl., 23(4)(1998), 243.
[27] O. Y. Marzouk, R. Dheilly, M. Queneudec, Waste Manag., 27 (2) (2007), 310.
[28] R. M. Rowell, J. A. Youngquist, D. McNatt, Composites from Recycled Mater., Composites. (1991), 301.
[29] D. Briga-Sá, N. Nascimento, N. Teixeira, J. Pinto, F. Caldeira, H. Varum, A. Paiva, Constr. Build. Mater., 38(2013), 155.
[30] D. Bhattacharjee and V. Kothari, Inter. J. Heat. Mass. Transfer., 52 (7) (2009), 2155.
[31] United States Department of Energy, Saving Energy: Recycling saves energy in Production of New Products (2014).
[32] Coventry, S., Hillier, S., Construction Industry Research and Information Association., C. Woolveridge, The reclaimed and recycled construction materials handbook, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, (1999).
[33] M. Safiuddin, M. Z. Jumaat, M. Salam, M. Islam and R. Hashim, Inter. J. Phys. Sci., 5(13)(2010), 1952.
[34] United states Environmental protection Agency, (US EPA), Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, and disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012 (2014).
[35] US Environmental protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste, (2014).
[36] European Environment Agency (EEA), European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, (2014).
[37] M. Moghimi, P. Shafigh, J. Berenjian, K. Nemati, J. of Civil Eng., 2(2008), 38.
[38] N. Al-Mutairi and M. Haque, Strength and durability of concrete made with crushed concrete as coarse aggregates, (2003), 16.
[39] J. M. Khatib, Cem and Concr Res., 35 (4) (2005), 763.
[40] S. Talukdar, S. Islam and N. Banthia, Advances in Civil Engineering. (2011).
[41] E. P. Aigbomian, M. Fan, Constr and Build Mater. ,40(2013), 361.
[42] O. M. Okeyinka, D. A. Oloke, J. M. Khatib, Eng. Technol. Inter. J. of Civil Environ Eng., 9(12)(2015), 1570.
[43] Institute of standard and industrial research of Iran. Standard monthly standard magazine, January, (2010), 209.
[44] R. Broujeni, G. A. Omrani, R. Naghavi, S. Afraseyabi, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., 6(6)(2016), 1249.
[45] M. Saghafi and Z. H. Teshnizi, Proc. Eng., 21(2011), 853.
