بررسی انگیزه‌های گردشگری بازدیدکنندگان پارک‌های جنگلی
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی
محمدرضا رضوانی 1
1
((نویسنده مسئول) rrezvani@ut.ac.irاستاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
سیّد محمّد میرتقیان رودسری
2
(مدرس گردشگری، دانشکده‌ی میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران)
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده افزایش تقاضا برای حضور در فعالیت های گردشگری مبتنی بر جنگل، شناخت عوامل انگیزشی مؤثر بر انتخاب این مقصدها را ضروری ساخته است. هدف تحقیق حاضر شناسایی و اولویت بندی انگیزه های کششی گردشگران در مقصد گردشگری جنگل در پارک های جنگلی دالخانی و صفارود شهرستان رامسر می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر را متخصصان و کارشناسان گردشگری و نیز گردشگران پارک های جنگلی صفارود و دالخانی تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه متخصصان و کارشناسان گردشگری 30 نفر و روش نمونه گیری قضاوتی بود. همچنین حجم نمونه گردشگران 400 نفر محاسبه گردید و نمونه گیری به صورت تصادفی ساده انجام شد. داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع آوری شد. روایی پرسشنامه از طریق اعتبار محتوا و پایایی آن با استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ که برابر با 885/0 بود، تأیید شد. داده ها با روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل ضریب تغییرات با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS24 ارزیابی شدند. نتایج مشخص ساخت که عوامل کششی مؤثر بر گردشگری مبتنی بر جنگل دارای 17 بُعد و 5 عامل هستند که به ترتیب اولویت برای گرشگران شامل عوامل دسترسی پذیری، منابع گردشگری، خدمات مکمل، بوم شناختی و چارچوب های حقوقی و قانونی می باشند. باید در نظر داشت تمام ویژگی های مقصد گردشگری جنگل در عوامل انتخاب مقصد توسط گردشگر، به یک اندازه مهم نیستند، از این رو پیشنهادات لازم در این زمینه ارائه گردید
Asgharian, M., Rostami-Shahraji, T., Nasirahmadi, K. & Olladi Ghadikolaee, J. (2012). Identification of criteria and indicators of nature management in north of Iran forest parks using Delphi method, Iranian natural ecosystem, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 93-103. [In Persian]
Gil-Asgar, R., Saeb, K., Arjmandi, R. & Khorasani, N. (2012). Elaboration of an Integrated Environmental Strategy for Safarood Forest Park through ANP method, Science and Technology of Natural Resources, Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 111-125. [In Persian]
Babazadeh-khameneh, S., danehkar, A., riazi, B., ghavamedin zahedi amiri, G., taheri, F. & seyed nooredin mousavi, S. N. (2015). Vegetation Analysis of Outdoor Recreation Zone in Sisangan Forest, Journal of plant researches (Iranian journal of biology), Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 486-498. [In Persian]
Bostedt, G. & Mattsson, L., (1995). the value of forests for tourism in Sweden, annals tourism research, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 671-680.
Catibog-Sinha, C., (2011), Sustainable forest management: heritage tourism, biodiversity, and upland communities in the Philippines, Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 341-352.
Chen, B., & Nakama, Y., (2013). thirty years of forest tourism in china, Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 285-292.
Ciesielski, M. & Sterenczak, K., (2018). What do we expect from forests? The European view of public demands, Journal of Environmental Management, No. 209, pp. 139-151.
Deng, J., King, B. & Bauer, T., (2002). Evaluating natural attractions for tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, No. 29, pp. 422-438.
Dong, Z., (2002). Forest tourism in china, Beijing, petroleum industry press.
Eskandari, S., J. Oladi Ghadikolaei, & A. Yakhkashi, (2017). Investigation of outdoor recreation needs and preferences of visitors in Sorkhe Hesar forest park and its comparison with Sisangan forest park. Journal of Human and Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1: pp. 45-59. [In Persian]
Formica, S. & Uysal, M., (2006), Destination attractiveness based on supply and demand evaluations: An analytical framework, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 418-430.
Forouzad, M., Danehkar, A. & Zahedi Amiri, G. (2016). Criteria and Indicators in Screening and Management of Sustainable Tourism (Case Study: Khamir and Qeshm Mangrove Forests), Tourism planning & development, Vol. 5, No. 17: pp. 169-194. [In Persian]
Gluck, P., (2002), Property rights and multipurpose mountain forest management, Forest Policy and Economics, No. 4, pp. 125-134.
Ghorbani, R. & Ebrahimpour Lanbaran, A. (2011). Motivational Modeling in Development of Urban Fringe Recreational Places, An Approach for Improving the Quality of Life – Case Study of the Recreational Area of Oun-Ebn-Ali, Tabriz, Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1: PP. 51-68. [In Persian]
Guichard-Anguis, S., (2011). Walking through World Heritage forest in Japan: The Kumano pilgrimage, Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 285-295.
Hall, C. M. (2011). Seeing the forest for the trees: tourism and the International Year of Forests, Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 271-283.
Hall, C. M., Scott, D. & Gossling, S. (2011). Forests, climate change and tourism, Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.353-363.
Hayrinen, L., Mattila, O., Berghall, S., Narhi, M. & Toppinen, A., (2016). exploring the future use of forests: perceptions from nonindustrial private forest owners in Finland, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, No. 31, pp. 1-11.
Ho, W. J., (1998). the management and development of forest recreational resources, Landscape Architecture, No. 28, pp. 7-24.
Hosseini, S., J. Oladi Ghadikolaei, & H. Amirnejad, (2016). The priority of criteria and indicator of the evaluation of national parks using Entropy and Likert techniques, Natural Ecosystem of Iran, Vol. 7, No. 3: pp. 83-97. [In Persian]
Hsueh, I. C. & Lai, M. J., (2000). Resource evaluation of candidate site selection for forest recreation, Tung Hai Journal, No. 41, pp. 111-132.
Hjortso, C., & Straede, S., (2001). Strategic multiple-use forest planning in Lithuania applying multi-criteria decision-making and scenario analysis for decision support in an economy in transition, Forest Policy and Economics, No. 3, pp. 175-188.
Hilsendager, K., Harshaw, H. & Kozak, R., (2017). The effects of forest industry impacts upon tourist perceptions and overall satisfaction, Leisure/Loisir , Vol 41, No. 2, pp. 205-230.
Hosseini, S., Oladi, J. & Amirnejad, H. (2016). The priority of criteria and indicator of the evaluation of national parks using Entropy and Likert techniques. Natural Ecosystem of Iran, 7(3), 83-97. [In Persian]
Huelsz, J. A. S., Kainer, K. A., Keys, E. & Colli-Balam, S. S., (2017), three stories under the same hut: Market preferences and forest governance drive the evolution of tourism construction materials, Forest Policy and Economics, No. 78, pp. 151-161.
Jafari, J., (2002), Encyclopedia of tourism, London: Routledge.
Jahangiri, S. & Salehi, A. (2017). Zoning the recreational capacity of Yasuj’s forest park, using multi criteria decision methods in GIS, Journal of Natural Environment, Vol. 70, No. 1, 37-51. [In Persian]
Jeong, I., (1997). A study on attributes of attractions of the bukhansan national park and visitors’ attitudes, master’s thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Kaviani, A., and Nouri-Kermani, A. (2010). Role of planning in sustainable development of villages of tourism Typical region of Dalkhani Forest Park. Geography, Vol. 4, No. 16: 35-53. [In Persian]
Khalili, Z., Oladi, J., Hoseini Nasr, S. M. & Tekeyekhah, J. (2015). Assessment of Ecotourism Capability of Traditional Ghoori Ghale basin with emphasis on water resources factor. Natural Ecosystem of Iran, Vol. 5, No. 4: 47-62. [In Persian]
Kheiri, J., Nasihatkon, B., Soleimaninejad, M. & Salahesh, N., (2015). Tourists’ satisfaction, product quality, future behaviors: Sisangan Forest Park, Iran, Tourism Today, No. 15, pp. 121-138.
Kim, S. S., Lee, C. K. & Klenosky, D. B., (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at korean national parks, Tourism Management, No. 24, pp. 169-180.
Konu, H., (2015). developing a forest-based wellbeing tourism product together with customers-An ethnographic approach, Tourism Management, No. 49, pp. 1-16.
Kreitner, R. and Kinicki, A. (2005). Organizational Behavior Management, 10Edition, McGraw-Hill Education.
Lee, J., Graefe, A. R. & Burns, R. C., (2007). Examining the Antecedents of Destination Loyalty in a Forest Setting, Leisure Sciences, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 463-481.
Lee, C. F., Huang, H. I. & Yeha, H. R., (2010). Developing an evaluation model for destination attractiveness: sustainable forest recreation tourism in Taiwan, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 811-828.
Lee, C. F., (2015). Tourist satisfaction with forest recreation experience: a segment-based approach, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 535-548.
Luo, F. & Bao, J., (2013). Evolutional process and characteristics of National forest parks in china: a perspective of the logic of state, market and society, Econ Geogr, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 164-169.
Luo, F., Moyle, B. D., Bao, J. & Zhong, Y., (2016). The role of institutions in the production of space for tourism: National Forest Parks in China, Forest Policy and Economics, No. 70, pp. 47-55.
Mantymaa, E., Ovaskainen, V., Juutinen, A. & Tyrvainen L., (2017). Integrating nature based tourism and forestry in private lands under heterogeneous visitor preferences for forest attributes, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol 61, No. 4, pp. 724-746.
Mirzaei, R. & N. Rezaei, 2017. Segmentation of the Special Events̕ Market Based on Visitors̕ Motivations, journal of new marketing research, Vol. 7, No. 1: pp. 93-114. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, M., & Mirtaghian Rudsari, S. M. (2017). Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the process of formation of rural second homes tourism (Case study: Rural Complex of Javaherdeh in Ramsar). Journal of Research & Rural Planning, Vol. 6, No. 2, 125-140. [In Persian]
Momeni, M. (2009). Statistical Analysis by Use of SPSS, Tehran: Ketab-e-Noe Publication. [In Persian]
Murphy, W., (2006). Forest recreation in a commercial environment, In S. Wall (Ed.), Small-scale forestry and rural development: The intersection of ecosystems, economics and society, Dublin: The Irish Forestry Board.
Nayha, A., Pelli, P. & Hetemaki, L., (2015). Services in the forest based sector unexplored futures, Foresight, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 378-398.
Ohe, Y., Ikei, H., Song, C. & Miyazaki, Y., (2017). evaluating the relaxation effects of emerging forest-therapy tourism: A multidisciplinary approach, Tourism Management, No. 62, pp. 322-334.
Oura, Y., (2017). Transition of Forest Tourism Policies in Japanese National Forest Management, Tourism Planning & Development, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 40-54.
Perera, P., Vlosky, R. P. & Wahala, S. B. (2012). Motivational and Behavioral Profiling of Visitors to Forest-based Recreational Destinations in Sri Lanka, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 17, No. 4, pp. 451-467.
Priskin, J., (2001). Assessment of natural resources for nature-based tourism: the case of the Central Coast Region of Western Australia, Tourism Management, No. 22, pp. 637-648.
Sloan, P., Legrand, W. & Kinski, S., (2016). the restorative power of forests: the tree house hotel phenomena in germany, Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, No. 19, pp. 181-189.
Tyrvainen, L. Silvennoinen, H. & Hallikainen, V., (2016). Effect of the Season and Forest Management on the Visual Quality of the Nature-based Tourism Environment: A case from Finnish Lapland, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, No. 31, pp. 1-34.
Wang, X., & Wang, J., (1998). Forest park and ecotourism, Tourism Trib, No. 2, pp. 58-62.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), (2017). Tourism Highlights, World Tourism Organization, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284419029.
Yang, H. C., (2005). A multi-dimension approach to forest recreational management, Proceedings of Forest Ecology and Management Conference, pp. 21-40.
Yolal, M., Rus, R. V., Cosma, S., & Gursoy, D., (2015). A Pilot Study on Spectators’ Motivations and Their Socio-Economic Perceptions of a Film Festival, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 253-271.
