مفهوم "آلوده" در اندیشه فروغ فرخزاد و تطبیق آن با تفکر"طرد" در «قدرت‌های وحشت» کریستیوا
محورهای موضوعی : شعر
بهی حدائق
1
(استادیار دانشگاه شیراز، بخش زبان‌های خارجی و زبان‌شناسی)
مبینا اکبرزاده
2
(کارشناس ارشد ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه شیراز)
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله به بررسی تطبیقی مفهوم "آلوده" در شعر تولدی دیگر فروغ فرخزاد با تفکر "طرد" در قدرت‌های وحشت جولیا کریستیوا می‌پردازد. این مقاله در پی آن است که تصاویر "آلوده" را بر اساس خوانشی تطبیقی با قدرت‌های وحشت کریستوا در تولدی دیگر فروغ مورد مطالعه قرار دهد. دلیل انتخاب فروغ فرخزاد این است که نظریه کریستیوا بسیار قابلیت پیاده سازی روی اشعار وی را دارد. این نظریه البته گستره وسیع‌تری از اشعار فرخزاد را در بر می‌گیرد که از حوصله این مقاله خارج است. از سوی دیگر اشعار او به عنوان پایه‌ای مرکزی برای روشنگری نظریه کریستیوا در باب پدیده آلوده انگاری نیز بسیار گویا است. آلوده انگاری یکی از اساسی‌ترین جریان‌های سوژه در فرآیند است: یعنی حالتی از طرد و واپس زنی آنچه که برای خود، دیگری محسوب می‌شود و خود به این وسیله مرزهایی برای یک من همواره ناپایدار ایجاد می‌کند. آلوده چیزی است که شخص آن را طرد می‌کند، پس می‌زند و تقریباً به شدت از خود بیرون می‌راند.
This article compares the concept of "abjection" in Forough Farrokhzad's poem "Another Birth" with the thought of "rejection" in "Powers of Horror" by Julia Kristeva. This article seeks to study "abjection" images based on a comparative reading of "powers of horror" by Kristeva in Forough's "Another Birth." The reason for choosing Forough Farrokhzad is that Kristeva's theory is very capable of being applied to her poems. This theory, of course, covers a wider range of Farrokhzad's poems, which is beyond the scope of this article. On the other hand, her poems as the central basis for the enlightenment of Kristeva's theory on the phenomenon of abjection are also very evident. Abjection is one of the most fundamental currents of the subject in the process: i.e, a state of rejection of what is considered other for self, thereby creating ever-unstable boundaries for self. Abjection is something that a person rejects, throws away, and expels almost completely.
آزاد، م. 1378ش، پریشادخت شعر: زندگی و شعر فروغ فرخزاد، تهران: نشر ثالث.
جعفری، عبدالرضا. 1384ش، فروغ جاودانه: مجموعه شعرها و نوشته‌ها و گفت‌وگوهای فروغ فرخزاد، به انضمام نوشته‌هایی درباره فروغ، تهران: نشر تنویر.
صفاریان، ناصر. 1381ش، آیه‌های آه، تهران: روزنگار.
فرخزاد، پوران. 1381ش، کسی که مثل هیچ کس نیست: درباره فروغ فرخزاد، تهران: کاروان.
فرخزاد، فروغ. 1392ش، دیوان فروغ فرخزاد، تهران: پارس بوک.
کتب و مقالات انگلیسی
Abject. (n.d.) Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014.(1991,1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014). Retrieved February14 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/abject.
Abjection. (n.d.) Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. (2010). Retrieved February 14 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/abjection.
Azad, M. (1378). The Poet Girl: Life and Poems of Forough Farrokhzad. Tehran: Sales Publication.
Bassnett, Susan. (1993/1995). Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction. Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell.
Becker-Leckrone, Megan. (2005). Julia Kristeva and Literary Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Farrokhzad, Forough. (1392). Forough Farrokhzad Poem Collection. Tehran: Pars Book Publication.
Farrokhzad, Pouran. (1381). The One Who looks like Nobody; About Forough Farokhzad. Tehran: Karoun Publication.
Freud, Sigmund. (1950). Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of. Savages and Neurotics. Trans. James Strachey. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Goodnow, Katherine J. (2010). Kristeva in Focus: From Theory to Film Analysis. New York: Berghahn books.
Jaafari, Abd Al Reza. (1384). Everlasting Forough: A Collection of Forough Farrokhzad's Poems and Dialogues, with some Notes. Tehran: Tanvir Pub,ication.
Hassanpour, Forough, and Ruzy Suliza Hashim. (2012). “Reading Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics.” GEMA Online™ Journal of Language Studies 12.3: 923-37.
Jamali, Leyli. (2008). “Too Close, Too Far: Death and Rebirth in Sylvia Plath's Ariel and Forough Farrokhzad's Another Birth.” Plath Profiles: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Sylvia Plath Studies 1: 38-49.
Joodaki, Abdol Hossein, and Asrin Vajdi. (2013). "Body, Love and Maternity in Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad: A Study Based on Helen Cixous's Ecriture Feminine.” Studies in Literature and Language 6.3: 74-78.
Kristeva, Julia. (1982). Powers of Horror. Trans. Roudiez, Leon S. European Perspectives:A Series of the Columbia University Press. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kristeva, Julia. (1984). Revolution in Poetic Language. Trans. Waller, Margaret. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kristeva, Julia. (1985). “Stabat Mater.” Poetics Today. Trans. Goldhammer, Arthur. 133-152.
Kristeva, Julia. (1986). The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lechte, John. (2003). Key Contemporary Concepts: From Abjection to Zeno’s Paradox. London:Sage publications.
McAfee, Noëlle. (2004). Julia Kristeva. Routledge Critical Thinkers. New York, London: Routledge.
Nederi, Leila, and Aysheh Nosrati. (2013) "A Comparative Study of Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad Considering a Post-Lacanian Feminist Theory." Researcher 5. 12 (Cumulated No. 54): 42-46.
Salimi-Kouchi, Ebrahim, and Fatemeh Sokout Jahromi. (2014). "Application of the Analytic Approach of the Theory of the Abjection in “I Am Concerned for the Garden” by Forough Farrokhzad." Language Related Research 5.
Saffarian, Naser. (1381). Aah Verses. Tehran: Rooznegar Publication.
_||_Azad, M. 1999, Parishadokht Poetry: Life and Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad, Tehran: Sales publishing.
Jafari, Abdul Reza 2005, Forough Javadaneh: A collection of poems, writings and conversations of Forough Farrokhzad, including writings about Forough, Tehran: Tanvir Publishing.
Saffarian, Nasser 2002, Ah verses, Tehran: Rooznegar.
Farrokhzad, Pouran. 2002, Someone Who is Like No One: About Forough Farrokhzad, Tehran: Karavan.
Farrokhzad, Forough. 2013, Forough Farrokhzad Divan, Tehran: ParsBook.
English books and articles
Abject. (n.d.) Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014.(1991,1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014). Retrieved February14 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/abject.
Abjection. (n.d.) Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. (2010). Retrieved February 14 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/abjection.
Azad, M. (1378). The Poet Girl: Life and Poems of Forough Farrokhzad. Tehran: Sales Publication.
Bassnett, Susan. (1993/1995). Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction. Oxford UK & Cambridge USA: Blackwell.
Becker-Leckrone, Megan. (2005). Julia Kristeva and Literary Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Farrokhzad, Forough. (1392). Forough Farrokhzad Poem Collection. Tehran: Pars Book Publication.
Farrokhzad, Pouran. (1381). The One Who looks like Nobody; About Forough Farokhzad. Tehran: Karoun Publication.
Freud, Sigmund. (1950). Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of. Savages and Neurotics. Trans. James Strachey. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Goodnow, Katherine J. (2010). Kristeva in Focus: From Theory to Film Analysis. New York: Berghahn books.
Jaafari, Abd Al Reza. (1384). Everlasting Forough: A Collection of Forough Farrokhzad's Poems and Dialogues, with some Notes. Tehran: Tanvir Pub,ication.
Hassanpour, Forough, and Ruzy Suliza Hashim. (2012). “Reading Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics.” GEMA Online™ Journal of Language Studies 12.3: 923-37.
Jamali, Leyli. (2008). “Too Close, Too Far: Death and Rebirth in Sylvia Plath's Ariel and Forough Farrokhzad's Another Birth.” Plath Profiles: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Sylvia Plath Studies 1: 38-49.
Joodaki, Abdol Hossein, and Asrin Vajdi. (2013). "Body, Love and Maternity in Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad: A Study Based on Helen Cixous's Ecriture Feminine.” Studies in Literature and Language 6.3: 74-78.
Kristeva, Julia. (1982). Powers of Horror. Trans. Roudiez, Leon S. European Perspectives:A Series of the Columbia University Press. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kristeva, Julia. (1984). Revolution in Poetic Language. Trans. Waller, Margaret. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kristeva, Julia. (1985). “Stabat Mater.” Poetics Today. Trans. Goldhammer, Arthur. 133-152.
Kristeva, Julia. (1986). The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lechte, John. (2003). Key Contemporary Concepts: From Abjection to Zeno’s Paradox. London:Sage publications.
McAfee, Noëlle. (2004). Julia Kristeva. Routledge Critical Thinkers. New York, London: Routledge.
Nederi, Leila, and Aysheh Nosrati. (2013) "A Comparative Study of Sylvia Plath and Forough Farrokhzad Considering a Post-Lacanian Feminist Theory." Researcher 5. 12 (Cumulated No. 54): 42-46.
Salimi-Kouchi, Ebrahim, and Fatemeh Sokout Jahromi. (2014). "Application of the Analytic Approach of the Theory of the Abjection in “I Am Concerned for the Garden” by Forough Farrokhzad." Language Related Research 5.
Saffarian, Naser. (1381). Aah Verses. Tehran: Rooznegar Publication.
