بررسی روشهای متداول و نوین در ضدعفونی و دفع بهداشتی پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستفرنوش باقری زنوز 1 , افسانه شهبازی 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
2 - استادیار پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران *(مسئول مکاتبات).
کلید واژه: پسماند بیمارستانی, مدیریت, ضدعفونی, دفع,
چکیده مقاله :
مدیریت پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی در اکثر کشورهای در حال توسعه به عنوان یک چالش مهم محیطزیستی مطرح است. عدم شناسایی، جداسازی، ذخیرهسازی و ضد عفونی صحیح پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی سبب بروز مشکلات بهداشتی و آلودگی محیط زیست شده است. بر اساس استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی[1]، پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی به نه گروه شامل پسماند عفونی، آسیب شناسی، شیمیایی، ژنوتوکسیک، تیز و برنده، دارویی، پسماند فلزات سنگین، ظروف تحت فشار و رادیواکتیو تقسیم میشوند. روش ضدعفونی پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی باید مقرون به صرفه و قابل اجرا بوده و همچنین سازگار با قوانین محیط زیست هر کشور انتخاب شود. تکنولوژیهای متداول ضدعفونی و درمان مانند سوزاندن، اتوکلاو و ضدعفونی شیمیایی در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان قابل توصیه و اجرا هستند. از جمله تکنولوژیهای نوین میتوان به مایکروویو و مایع فوق بحرانی دی اکسید کربن اشاره کرد. اتخاذ تکنولوژی نوین مایع فوق بحرانی دی اکسید کربن، در ضدعفونی پسماندهای خطرناک بیمارستانی علاوه بر اینکه روش سازگار با محیطزیست است باعث کاهش تماس با پسماندهای عفونی، کاهش نیروی کار و کاهش هزینه میشود؛ لذا در سالهای اخیر بعنوان روش جایگزین قابل توصیه بوده است. 3- World Health Organization (WHO)
The management of hospital waste is to be a major challenge, particularly, in the most of developingcountries in the world. Lack of identify, isolation, storage and proper disinfection of hazardoushospital wastes causes health and pollution problems in the environment. In according to WorldHealth Organization (WHO), dangerous hospital wastes were divided to eight groups includesinfectious waste, pathology, chemical, toxic, sharp things, medical waste with the content of heavymetals, pressurized containers and radioactive. Disinfection method of dangerous hospital wastes mustbe affordable, practicable, and chosen compatible with environment rules. Common technology ofdisinfection and treatment such as burning, autoclave and chemical disinfectant are practicable andrecommendable in the most of countries all over the world such new technologies were mentionedmicrowave and super critical fluid carbon dioxide. The selection of new method on based supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCFCO2) can decrease the infection of hazardous hospital wastes. It is notonly the adaptable method with the environment but also a compatible method of environment thatdecreases contact with infectious wastes, work force and cost. Therefore it can be proposed as a neweffective method.
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