برخی از روش‌های افزایش کارآیی گیاه‌پالایی فلزات سنگین
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستمحمدرضا نادری 1 , عبدالرزاق دانش‌شهرکی 2 , رضوان نادری 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد *(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.
کلید واژه: گیاه‌پالایی, فلز سنگین, ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه,
چکیده مقاله :
شکی نیست که در نتیجه‌ی افزایش روزافزون جمعیت کره‌ی زمین بایستی در آینده شاهد بغرنج‌تر شدن معضل آلودگی خاک، آب و هوا توسط انواع مختلف آلاینده‌های محیط زیستی باشیم. از این رو، توجه به فناوری‌های نوینِ مورد استفاده جهت پالایش مکان‌های آلوده، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. گیاه‌پالایی یکی از این فناوری‌ها است که دارای سرعت تأثیر نسبتاً پایین و کارآیی اندک می‌باشد. در مقاله‌ی حاضر به بررسی برخی از روش‌های زیستی، شیمیایی، فیزیکی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و ژنتیکی مورد استفاده جهت افزایش کارآیی فرآیند گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین خواهیم پرداخت. این روش‌ها شامل کاهش pH، افزایش پتانسیل اکسایش-کاهش (Eh)، استفاده از عوامل کلات‌کننده و ریزجاندارانی نظیر قارچ‌های آربسکولار مایکوریزا (AMF) و ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) می‌باشند. شناسایی این روش‌های نوین سبب اجرای تکنیک‌های چندرهیافتی به منظور سرعت بخشیدن به فرآیند زدایش آلاینده‌های فلزی و در نتیجه، افزایش کارآیی گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین شده است. در این میان، کاربرد ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه یکی از سودمندترین و در عین حال، کم‌خطرترین تکنیک‌ها برای محیط زیست می‌باشد، که به تازگی جهت بهبود کارآیی فرآیند پالایش فلزات سنگین توسط گیاهان مد نظر قرار گرفته است.
Certainly, we have to observe the more complicated problem about pollution of soil, water and air by various environmental pollutants as a result of increase in the world population. Hence, it is necessary to consider the new technologies which are used for remediation of polluted sites. Phytoremediation is one of these new methods which posses relatively slow procedure and low efficiency. In current paper we review some of the biological, chemical, physical, physico-chemical and genetic methods, which are applied in order to increase the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. These methods include lowering the pH, increasing the electrode potential (Eh), using chelating agents and microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Discovering of these new methods have been resulted in execute the multi-approaches techniques for a faster removal process of the metal contaminants, and consequently increase in the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. Among the introduced methods, application of the PGPRs is one of the most useful and environmentally friendly techniques, which is currently considered as a useful process for enhancement the efficiency of heavy metals remediation process by plants.
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