بررسی حذف فتوکاتالیستی سولفات از پساب سنتتیک توسط نانو ذرات اکسید آهن مغناطیسی
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)حدیث فولادی 1 , رویا مافی غلامی 2 , صادق قاسمی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران غرب، گروه محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران غرب، گروه محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: حذف سولفات, نانو ذره اکسید آهن مغناطیسی, فتوکاتالیست,
چکیده مقاله :
از جمله مسایل جدی که در سال‌های اخیر به آن توجه گردیده است، نقش گوگرد و ترکیبات مختلف آن هم چون سولفات به عنوان بخشی از آلاینده های موجود در پساب های خروجی است. با توجه به این که امروزه استفاده از نانو مواد در تصفیه آلاینده های محیط بسیار مورد توجه است، هدف از این مطالعه استفاده از نانو ذرات اکسید آهن مغناطیسی (Fe3O4) تحت تابش UV برای حذف سولفات است. آزمایش ها در سیستم ناپیوسته انجام شد و تاثیر پارامترهای pH، مقدار نانو ذره، زمان تماس و غلظت اولیه سولفات تحت تابش لامپ فرابنفش ( w8) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، همچنین از متداول‌ترین ایزوترم ها و سینتیک‌های جذب برای بررسی حذف سولفات و سرعت واکنش استفاده شد. باتوجه به نتایج، حداکثر راندمان حذف برای سولفات 92/77 درصد است که در pH و زمان تماس برابر 7 و 90 دقیقه و مقدار نانو ذره برابر با 2 گرم در لیتر بدست آمد. داده های این مطالعه تطابق خوبی با ایزوترم لانگمویر نشان دادند . آنالیز سینتیک نشان داد که حذف سولفات با مدل سینتیکی جذب مرتبه دوم مطابقت دارد. در نهایت می توان اذعان نمود که فرآیند فتو کاتالیستی نانو ذرات اکسید آهن مغناطیسی و پرتوی فرابنفش (UV-C) می تواند منجر به کاهش قابل ملاحظه آلاینده سولفات از پساب گردد.
One of the serious issues in recent years, the role of sulfur and its various combinations like sulfate as part of pollutants in output waste. Given that today, the use of nano substances for treatment of environment pollutants is highly under attention. The purpose of this study is to use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) under UV irradiation for sulfate removal. The experiments were conducted in batch system and the effect of pH, the amount of nanoparticles, contact time and the initial concentration of sulfate under UV irradiation (8w) were examined. The most common isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were applied to analyze sulfate removal and the reaction rate. According to the results, the maximum efficiency of sulfate adsorption was 77.92% which was obtained in pH of 7 and contact time of 90 minutes and 2 g/L of nano substances. Data for this study indicated a good correspondence with isotherms of Longmire. The analysis of kinetic indicated that nitrate removal is consistent with the second-degree kinetic adsorption model. Finally, it should be noted that the process of photocatalytic magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and ultraviolet (UV - C) could lead to a significant reduction in emissions of sulfate from sewage.
1- Davies, TD., 2007. Sulphate toxicity to the aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica. Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 444-451.
2- Paula, Jr D., Foresti, E., 2009. Sulfide toxicity kinetics of a UASB reactor. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 26, pp. 669-675.
3- Tafazzoli, M., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B., 2014. Study of Phytoremediation Capability in Sulfate Removal from Water. Journal of Water & Wastewater, Vol. 25, pp. 48-56.
4- Murugananthan, M., Raju, GB., Prabhakar, S., 2004. Removal of sulfide, sulfate and sulfite ions by electro coagulation. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 109, pp. 37-44.
5- Bowell, R. A., 2004. review of sulfate removal options for mine waters. Proceedings of Mine Water, 75-88.
6- Silva, A., Varesche, M., Foresti, E., Zaiat, M., 2002. Sulphate removal from industrial wastewater using a packed-bed anaerobic reactor. Process Biochemistry, Vol. 37, pp. 927-35.
7- Bhatnagar, A., Kumar, E., Sillanpää, M., 2010. Nitrate removal from water by nano-alumina: Characterization and sorption studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 163, pp. 317-323.
8- Kamat, PV., Huehn, R., Nicolaescu, R.A., 2002. “sense and shoot” approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, pp. 788-794.
9- Al-Rasheed, RA., 2005. editor Water treatment by heterogeneous photocatalysis an overview. 4th SWCC acquired Experience Symposium held in Jeddah.
10- Daneshvar, N., Aber, S., Dorraji, MS., Khataee, A., Rasoulifard, M., 2007. Photocatalytic degradation of the insecticide diazinon in the presence of prepared nanocrystalline ZnO powders under irradiation of UV-C light. Separation and purification Technology, Vol. 58, pp. 91-98.
11- Ponder, SM., Darab, JG., Mallouk, TE., 2000. Remediation of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) aqueous solutions using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol, Vol. 34, pp.2564-2569.
12- Schoeman, J., Steyn, A., 2003. Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa. Desalination, Vol. 155, pp. 15-26.
13- Nassar, NN., 2010. Rapid removal and recovery of Pb (II) from wastewater by magnetic nanoadsorbents. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 184, pp. 538-546.
14- Chen, Y-H., Li, F-A., 2010. Kinetic study on removal of copper (II) using goethite and hematite nano-photocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci, 347(2):277-81.
15- Daneshvar, N., Salari, D., Niaei, A., Rasouli Fard, M., 2004. Immobilization of TiO2 on glass beds and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamin B, Malachite green and Red 23 by Supported TiO2 Under UV irradiation. Proc 14th Iranian Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Congress, Tehran, Iran.
16- Naeej, O., Mohseni Bandpi, A., Jonidi Jafari, A., Esrafili, A., Rezaei Kalantary, R., 2012. Removal of Nitrate from Water using Supported Zero-Valent Nano Iron on Zeolite. Iran. J. Health & Environ, 5(3): 343-353.
17- Parastar, S., Poureshg, Y., Nasseri, S., Vosoughi, M., Golestanifar, H., Hemmati, S., Moradi, GR., Asadi, A., 2013. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by ZnO/UV process. Journal of Health, 3(3): 54-61.
18- Karimi, B., Rajaei, MS., Ganadzadeh, MJ., Mashayekhi, M., Jahanbakhsh, M., 2013 . Evaluation of nitrate removal from water by Fe/H2O2 and adsorption on activated carbon. Arak Medical University Journal, 15(69): 67-76.
19- Hameed, B., Ahmad, A., Latiff, K.,2007 . Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Dyes and Pigments, 75(1):143-9.
20- El Nemr, A.,2009 . Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater: Kinetic and isotherm studies. J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 161, pp. 132-141.
21- Langmuir, I., 1916. THE CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. PART I. SOLIDS. J. Am. Chem. Soc, Vol. 38, pp. 2221-95.
22- Saki, P., Mafi Gholami, R., Takdastan, A, 2013. Removal of cadmium from industrial wastewater by steel slag. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 5, pp. 23-33.
23- Gupta, S., Babu, B.,2009 . Modeling, simulation, and experimental validation for continuous Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions using sawdust as an adsorbent. Bioresource technology, Vol. 100, pp.5633-5640.
24- Bayramoglu, G., Gursel, I., Tunali, Y., Arica, MY.,2009 . Biosorption of phenol and 2-chlorophenol by Funaliatrogii pellets. Bioresource technology, Vol. 100, pp. 2685-2691.
25- Altın, O., Özbelge, HÖ., Doğu, T.,1998 . Use of general purpose adsorption isotherms for heavy metal–clay mineral interactions. J. Colloid Interface Sci, Vol. 198, pp.130-140.
26- Freundlich, H.,1906 . Uber die adsorption in lasugen. J. Phys. Chem, Vol. 57, pp. 385-470.
27- Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Hormozinejad, M., 2013. Adsorption of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by using chitin extracted from shrimp shells. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, Vol. 5, pp.131-139.
28- Kumar, NS., Woo, H-S., Min, K., 2012 . Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solutions by Acacia leucocephala bark. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 94:125-32.
29- Hosseeini, SM., Farrokhian Firouzi, A., Babaei, AA., Heidarizadeh, F.,2014 . Removal of CU (II) from Aqueous Solution by modified Tea Waste with Magnetic Nanoparticles Journal of Water & Wastewater, Vol. 24, pp. 112-119.
30- Fan, X., Parker, D., Smith, M., 2003 . Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on low cost materials. Water Research, Vol. 37, pp. 4929-4937.
31- Largergren, S.,1898 . Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. KungligaSvenskaVetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, 24:1-39.
32- Shams Khorramabadi, G., Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R., Jorfi, S., 2010 . Cd (II) adsorption using waste sludge from a municiap wastewater treatment system. J. of Water and Wastewater, Vol. 1, pp. 57-62.
33- Azizian, S., 2004 . Kinetic models of sorption: a theoretical analysis. J. Colloid Interface Sci, Vol. 276, pp. 47-52.
34- Chen, Z., Ma, W., Han, M., 2008 . Biosorption of nickel and copper onto treated alga (Undaria pinnatifida): application of isotherm and kinetic models. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 155, pp. 327-333.
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1- Davies, TD., 2007. Sulphate toxicity to the aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica. Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 444-451.
2- Paula, Jr D., Foresti, E., 2009. Sulfide toxicity kinetics of a UASB reactor. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 26, pp. 669-675.
3- Tafazzoli, M., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B., 2014. Study of Phytoremediation Capability in Sulfate Removal from Water. Journal of Water & Wastewater, Vol. 25, pp. 48-56.
4- Murugananthan, M., Raju, GB., Prabhakar, S., 2004. Removal of sulfide, sulfate and sulfite ions by electro coagulation. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 109, pp. 37-44.
5- Bowell, R. A., 2004. review of sulfate removal options for mine waters. Proceedings of Mine Water, 75-88.
6- Silva, A., Varesche, M., Foresti, E., Zaiat, M., 2002. Sulphate removal from industrial wastewater using a packed-bed anaerobic reactor. Process Biochemistry, Vol. 37, pp. 927-35.
7- Bhatnagar, A., Kumar, E., Sillanpää, M., 2010. Nitrate removal from water by nano-alumina: Characterization and sorption studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 163, pp. 317-323.
8- Kamat, PV., Huehn, R., Nicolaescu, R.A., 2002. “sense and shoot” approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, pp. 788-794.
9- Al-Rasheed, RA., 2005. editor Water treatment by heterogeneous photocatalysis an overview. 4th SWCC acquired Experience Symposium held in Jeddah.
10- Daneshvar, N., Aber, S., Dorraji, MS., Khataee, A., Rasoulifard, M., 2007. Photocatalytic degradation of the insecticide diazinon in the presence of prepared nanocrystalline ZnO powders under irradiation of UV-C light. Separation and purification Technology, Vol. 58, pp. 91-98.
11- Ponder, SM., Darab, JG., Mallouk, TE., 2000. Remediation of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) aqueous solutions using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol, Vol. 34, pp.2564-2569.
12- Schoeman, J., Steyn, A., 2003. Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa. Desalination, Vol. 155, pp. 15-26.
13- Nassar, NN., 2010. Rapid removal and recovery of Pb (II) from wastewater by magnetic nanoadsorbents. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 184, pp. 538-546.
14- Chen, Y-H., Li, F-A., 2010. Kinetic study on removal of copper (II) using goethite and hematite nano-photocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci, 347(2):277-81.
15- Daneshvar, N., Salari, D., Niaei, A., Rasouli Fard, M., 2004. Immobilization of TiO2 on glass beds and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamin B, Malachite green and Red 23 by Supported TiO2 Under UV irradiation. Proc 14th Iranian Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Congress, Tehran, Iran.
16- Naeej, O., Mohseni Bandpi, A., Jonidi Jafari, A., Esrafili, A., Rezaei Kalantary, R., 2012. Removal of Nitrate from Water using Supported Zero-Valent Nano Iron on Zeolite. Iran. J. Health & Environ, 5(3): 343-353.
17- Parastar, S., Poureshg, Y., Nasseri, S., Vosoughi, M., Golestanifar, H., Hemmati, S., Moradi, GR., Asadi, A., 2013. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by ZnO/UV process. Journal of Health, 3(3): 54-61.
18- Karimi, B., Rajaei, MS., Ganadzadeh, MJ., Mashayekhi, M., Jahanbakhsh, M., 2013 . Evaluation of nitrate removal from water by Fe/H2O2 and adsorption on activated carbon. Arak Medical University Journal, 15(69): 67-76.
19- Hameed, B., Ahmad, A., Latiff, K.,2007 . Adsorption of basic dye (methylene blue) onto activated carbon prepared from rattan sawdust. Dyes and Pigments, 75(1):143-9.
20- El Nemr, A.,2009 . Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater: Kinetic and isotherm studies. J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 161, pp. 132-141.
21- Langmuir, I., 1916. THE CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. PART I. SOLIDS. J. Am. Chem. Soc, Vol. 38, pp. 2221-95.
22- Saki, P., Mafi Gholami, R., Takdastan, A, 2013. Removal of cadmium from industrial wastewater by steel slag. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 5, pp. 23-33.
23- Gupta, S., Babu, B.,2009 . Modeling, simulation, and experimental validation for continuous Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions using sawdust as an adsorbent. Bioresource technology, Vol. 100, pp.5633-5640.
24- Bayramoglu, G., Gursel, I., Tunali, Y., Arica, MY.,2009 . Biosorption of phenol and 2-chlorophenol by Funaliatrogii pellets. Bioresource technology, Vol. 100, pp. 2685-2691.
25- Altın, O., Özbelge, HÖ., Doğu, T.,1998 . Use of general purpose adsorption isotherms for heavy metal–clay mineral interactions. J. Colloid Interface Sci, Vol. 198, pp.130-140.
26- Freundlich, H.,1906 . Uber die adsorption in lasugen. J. Phys. Chem, Vol. 57, pp. 385-470.
27- Jaafarzadeh, N., Mengelizadeh, N., Hormozinejad, M., 2013. Adsorption of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by using chitin extracted from shrimp shells. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, Vol. 5, pp.131-139.
28- Kumar, NS., Woo, H-S., Min, K., 2012 . Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solutions by Acacia leucocephala bark. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 94:125-32.
29- Hosseeini, SM., Farrokhian Firouzi, A., Babaei, AA., Heidarizadeh, F.,2014 . Removal of CU (II) from Aqueous Solution by modified Tea Waste with Magnetic Nanoparticles Journal of Water & Wastewater, Vol. 24, pp. 112-119.
30- Fan, X., Parker, D., Smith, M., 2003 . Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on low cost materials. Water Research, Vol. 37, pp. 4929-4937.
31- Largergren, S.,1898 . Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. KungligaSvenskaVetenskapsakademiens. Handlingar, 24:1-39.
32- Shams Khorramabadi, G., Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R., Jorfi, S., 2010 . Cd (II) adsorption using waste sludge from a municiap wastewater treatment system. J. of Water and Wastewater, Vol. 1, pp. 57-62.
33- Azizian, S., 2004 . Kinetic models of sorption: a theoretical analysis. J. Colloid Interface Sci, Vol. 276, pp. 47-52.
34- Chen, Z., Ma, W., Han, M., 2008 . Biosorption of nickel and copper onto treated alga (Undaria pinnatifida): application of isotherm and kinetic models. J Hazard Mater, Vol. 155, pp. 327-333.
