مطالعه امکان سنجی تثبیت لجن فاضلاب شهری با استفاده از گیاه‌پالایی (مطالعه موردی: تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهر کرمانشاه)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی محیط زیست (آب و فاضلاب)
بهاره نوروزی
1
(دانشیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های همگرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران.)
علی الماسی
2
(استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران. )
رضا حاجی سید محمد شیرازی
3
(استاديار گروه مهندسی محيط زيست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محيط زيست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
مجتبی سلمانی
4
(کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی محيط زيست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محيط زيست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران.)
کلید واژه: تثبیت لجن, گوجه فرنگی, پنبه, سرب, کادمیوم, کربن آلی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: گیاه پالایی نوعی تکنولوژی بر پایه استفاده از گیاهان است که کم هزینه و با محیط زیست سازگار است. هدف این مطالعه تعیین کارایی گیاهان گوجه فرنگی و پنبه در تثبیت لجن فاضلاب شهری با تاکید بر تثبیت کربن آلی و حذف فلزات سنگین سرب و کادمیوم می باشد.
روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی آزمایشگاهی که در مقیاس پایلوت انجام شد، جهت دستیابی به اهداف تحقیق اقدام به کاشت گیاهان گوجه فرنگی و پنبه در بستر لجن ابگیری شده گردید. عملکرد گیاه پالایی با استفاده از سنجش تغییرات پارامترهای کربن آلی، pH، هدایت الکتریکی و فلزات سنگین سرب و کادمیوم طی مدت 120 روز مورد سنجش قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از آنالیزهای آماری نشان داد که پس از گذشت زمان 120 روز راندمان تثبیت کربن آلی، حذف سرب و کادمیوم در گوجه فرنگی به ترتیب به میزان 4/0 ± 35درصد، 3/0 ± 29/74 درصد و 42/91 درصد و در پنبه به ترتیب به میزان 7/3 ± 38 درصد، 2/3 ± 93/54 درصد و 3/0 ± 2/93 درصد نسبت به کنترل کاهش معنا داری یافت. علاوه بر آن اختلاف میانگین کارایی گیاه پالایی در تیمارهای پنبه و گوجه فرنگی تا زمان 30 روز با یکدیگر معنادار نبود (05/0
Background and Objective: Phytoremediation is a low-cost and environmentally-friendly technology. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of tomato and cotton plants in stabilizing urban sewage sludge with an emphasis on organic carbon, lead and cadmium removal. Material and Methodology: In this experimental study on pilot scale, in order to achieve the research objectives, we planted Tomato and Cotton plants in a condensed sludge bed. Also, a non-plant bed was considered as control bed. The performance of the phytoremediation was measured by the changes of organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity and heavy metals of lead and cadmium during 120 days. Findings: Results of statistical analysis showed that after 120 days, the removal efficiency of organic carbon, lead and cadmium in Tomato were 35 ± 0.4%, 74.29 ± 0.3% and 91.42% respectively and in Cotton were 38 ± 3.7%, 54.93 ± 3.2% and 93.2± 0.3% respectively. The difference in mean efficiency in Tomato and Cotton was not significant until 30 days (p>0.05). Moreover, the results of this study showed that the concentration of organic carbon, cadmium and lead in sludge treated with Tomato and Cotton plants was significantly lower than that of control treatment sludge. Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that the noted plants have a high ability to stabilize urban sewage sludge and eliminate organic carbon, lead and cadmium. Therefore, this method can be used as an option to stabilize sewage sludge and reduce its organic and inorganic pollutants on a large scale.
1. Salgot M, Huertas E, Weber S, Dott W, Hollender J. Wastewater reuse and risk: definition of key objectives. Desalination. 2006;187(1):29-40.
2. Zahedi S, Romero-Güiza M, Icaran P, Yuan Z, Pijuan M. Optimization of free nitrous acid pre-treatment on waste activated sludge. Bioresource technology. 2018;252:216-20.
3. Muchuweti M, Birkett J, Chinyanga E, Zvauya R, Scrimshaw MD, Lester J. Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: implications for human health. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2006;112(1):41-8.
4. Mantovi P, Baldoni G, Toderi G. Reuse of liquid, dewatered, and composted sewage sludge on agricultural land: effects of long-term application on soil and crop. Water research. 2005;39(2):289-96.
5. Suthar S, Singh S. Feasibility of vermicomposting in biostabilization of sludge from a distillery industry. Science of the total environment. 2008;394(2):237-43.
6. Melin T, Jefferson B, Bixio D, Thoeye C, De Wilde W, De Koning J, et al. Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. Desalination. 2006;187(1):271-82.
7. Holenda B, Domokos E, Redey A, Fazakas J. Dissolved oxygen control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process using model predictive control. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 2008;32(6):1270-8.
8. Almasi A, Soleimani H, Mohammadi M, Hossaini H, Falahati MH. Evaluation of anaerobic stabilization pond for removal of pentachlorophenol from wastewater: Response surface methodology. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2018;129:62-8.
9. Nejatzadeh F, Gholami-Borujeni F. Evaluate the efficiency of phytoremediation of Lolium, Amaranth and Sorghum in cleaning up contaminated soil in Urmia area. New Cellularand Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 2017;7(26):81-92.
10. Vamerali T, Bandiera M, Mosca G. Field crops for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated land. A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2010;8(1):1-17.
11. Tangahu BV, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Basri H, Idris M, Anuar N, Mukhlisin M. A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2011;2011.
12. Afzal M, Yousaf S, Reichenauer TG, Kuffner M, Sessitsch A. Soil type affects plant colonization, activity and catabolic gene expression of inoculated bacterial strains during phytoremediation of diesel. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011;186(2):1568-75.
13. Poniedziałek M, Sękara A, Jędrszczyk E, Ciura J. Phytoremediation efficiency of crop plants in removing cadmium, lead and zinc from soil. Folia Horticulturae. 2010;22(2):25-31.
14. Suchkova N, Tsiripidis I, Alifragkis D, Ganoulis J, Darakas E, Sawidis T. Assessment of hytoremediation potential of native plants during the reclamation of an area affected by sewage sludge. Ecological engineering. 2014;69:160-9.
15. Salem NM, Albanna LS, Awaad A. Toxic heavy metals accumulation in tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum). ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 2016;11:399-404.
16. Luo K, Ma T, Liu H, Wu L, Ren J, Nai F, et al. Efficiency of repeated phytoextraction of cadmium and zinc from an agricultural soil contaminated with sewage sludge. International journal of phytoremediation. 2015;17(6):575-82.
17. Karami M, Rezainejad Y, Afyuni M, Shariatmadari H. Cumulative and residual effects of sewage sludge on lead and cadmium concentration in soil and wheat. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology. 2007;11(1):79-95.
18. Bolan N, Baskaran S, Thiagarajan S. An evaluation of the methods of measurement of dissolved organic carbon in soils, manures, sludges, and stream water. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 1996;27(13-14):2723-37.
19. Black C, Evans D, White J, Ensminger L, Clark F. Method of soil analysis. Part II. Am Soc Agron, Madison, USA. 1965;1572.
20. Magnago RF, Berselli D, Medeiros P. TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM CAR WASH BY FENTON AND PHOTO-FENTON OXIDATIVE PROCESSES. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 2018;13(4):838-50.
21. Raeisi T, Hosseinpur A R. Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity and availability of various P fractions for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in some calcareous soils amended with municipal sewage sludge. ejgcst. 2014; 5 (2):39-50.
22. Naji Rad S, Ghavidel A, Alikhani HA. The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content and Their Chemical Forms in Tehran Sewage Sludge for Agricultural Application. J.Env. Sci. Tech., 2018; 20 (1): 79-86.
23. Morel J-L, Echevarria G, Goncharova N. Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006.
24. Zeng Z, Li T-q, Zhao F-l, He Z-l, Zhao H-p, Yang X-e, et al. Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 2013;14(12):1152-61.
25. Andreolli M, Lampis S, Poli M, Gullner G, Biró B, Vallini G. Endophytic Burkholderia fungorum DBT1 can improve phytoremediation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chemosphere. 2013;92(6):688-94.
26. Hooda V. Phytoremediation of toxic metals from soil and waste water. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2007;28(2):367.
27. Gupta AK, Sinha S. Phytoextraction capacity of the plants growing on tannery sludge dumping sites. Bioresource Technology. 2007;98(9):1788-94.
28. Mohammadi MJ. Phytoremediation of by Helianthus plant. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2014;2(2):55-65.
29. Abdi s, tajbakhsh m, rasouli sm, abdollahi mb. study the effect of different green manure plants on soil organic matter and nitrogen in salinity condition. 2012.
30. Kasraei R., Saedi S. Effects of Tabriz petrochemical sewage sludge on tomato growth. 2010.
31. Ali H, Khan E, Sajad MA. Phytoremediation of heavy metals—concepts and applications. Chemosphere. 2013;91(7):869-81.
32. Rahimi AS, Bahmanyar M, Ghajar SM. The effects of sewage sludge application on pH, EC, OC, Pb and Cd in soil and lettuce and radish plants. 2011.
33. Al-Akeel K, Reynolds A, Choudhary A. Phytoremediation of Waterways Using Reed Plants. 2010.
34. Frederick Andal, Ching J. Phytoremediation Potential of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill) in Artificially Contaminated Soils. Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2014 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines March 6-8, 2014. 2014.
35. Parsafar N, Safar M. Investigation of Transfer Coefficients of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb from Soil to Potato Under Wastewater Reuse. J Sci & Technol Agric & Natur Resour, Water and Soil Sci. 2014;17(66):199-210.
