بررسی اثر کپه‌کاری و قرق بر خصوصیات خاک مراتع (مطالعه موردی: مراتع دارانی علیا، شهرستان تویسرکان، استان همدان)
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و جنگلداری و مراتع
مریم احمدوند
1
(
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.
)
داود اخضری
2
(
دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. * (مسول مکاتبات)
)
کلید واژه: هدایت الکتریکی, کربن آلی, اسیدیته خاک, چرای دام. ,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه نگرانی‌‌های مرتبط با افزایش دام و اثرات مخرب آن از جمله فشرده‌‌سای خاک، تخریب خاک و فرسایش و آلودگی آب وجود دارد. یکی از راههای رایج جهت احیای مراتع و بازیابی توان آنها کاشت گونههای مرتعی مناسب و سپس قرق میباشد. روش بررسی: برای انجام این پژوهش 10 ترانسکت 100 متری به شیوهای که هر ترانسکت با ترانسکت قبلی 50 متر فاصله داشته باشد در نظر گرفته شد. در طول هر ترانسکت 10 پلات 1 در 1 تعیین و در هر پلات یک نمونه 100 گرمی خاک از 3 عمق 0-10، 10-20 و 20-30 سانتی‌متری برداشت گردید. به طور مشابه، به همین تعداد نمونه و مانند منطقه قرق و کپه‌کاری، در عرصه مجاوری که کپه‌کاری نشده و بهعنوان منطقه شاهد در نظر گرفته شده بود، نیز نمونه برداری انجام گردید. نمونه‌ها جهت اندازه‌گیری جرم مخصوص ظاهری، محتوی رطوبت خاک، pH، EC، نیتروژن کل، فسفر کل و کربن آلی خاک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردیدند. سپس با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه در سطح احتمال 05/0 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد در منطقه چرا شده جرم مخصوص ظاهری، EC، نیتروژن کل، فسفر کل و کربن آلی خاک در سطح معناداری 5 درصد بیشتر از منطقه قرق و کپه‌کاری بوده است اما رطوبت خاک و pH خاک در دو منطقه در هیچ سطحی تفاوت معناداری نداشتند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: جرم مخصوص ظاهری با اعمال چرا و لگدکوبی بر اثر فشرده شدن خاک افزایش می‌یابد. هدایت الکتریکی منطقه قرق شده نیز به دلیل افزایش پوشش گیاهی و کاهش تبخیر و تعرق در منطقه قرق کمتر از منطقه چرا شده بود. افزایش میزان نیتروژن، فسفر و کربن آلی خاک در منطقه چرا احتمالا به دلیل جذب آن¬هاتوسط ریشه گونههای گیاهی و برگشت این مواد از طریق فضولات دام‌های موجود به لایه‌های سطحی خاک مربوط میباشد.
Background and Objective: Today, there are concerns related to the increase in livestock and its destructive effects, including soil compaction, soil degradation, erosion, and water pollution. One of the common ways to rangeland rehabilitation and restore it ability is plantation and exclosure. Material and Methodology: To conduct this research, 10 transects of 100 meters were established in study area (each transect was 50 meters away from the previous transect). Along each transect, ten 1×1 meter plots were determined and a 100 gr soil sample was taken from 3 depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in each plot. Similarly, the same number of samples were also taken in the adjacent region which was not cultivated and wsa considered as a control area. The samples were taken to the laboratory to measure bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soil organic carbon. Then, they were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (P≤0.05). Findings: The results showed that in the grazed region, the bulk density, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon of the soil were significantly higher than those of pit-seeding area. The results also showed that the soil moisture and pH were not significantly differed in the two studied regions. Discussion and Conclusions: The soil bulk density increased with grazing and trampling due to soil compaction. The electrical conductivity of the exclosure area was also lower than those of grazed area due to the increase in vegetation and the reduction of evaporation and transpiration in the exclosure region. The increase in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the soil in the grazed area is probably due to their absorption by the roots of plant species and the return of these nutrition to the surface layers of the soil through the excrement of the livestock.
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