رهیافت حقوق بشر محور به توسعه، زمینه¬ساز پیوند میان حق بر توسعه و توسعه پایدار
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایدار
سید قاسم زمانی
1
(استاد تمام گروه حقوق عمومی و بین¬الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
کیوان اقبالی
2
(عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده قوه قضائیه، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: توسعه, حق بر توسعه, توسعه پایدار, رهیافت حقوق بشر محور به توسعه, رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی.,
چکیده مقاله :
حق بر توسعه و توسعه پایدار ماحصل احساس نیاز به پاسخگویی مناسب به عواقب نامطلوب رویکرد کلاسیک به توسعه محسوب شده و در هر یک با نگریستن به مفهوم توسعه از منظری خاص، سعی بر آن گردیده تا به پاسخی مناسب برای مواجه با آثار نامطلوب توسعه دست یافته شود. در این میان، به نظر می¬رسد که اتخاذ رویکرد حقوق بشر محور در پیشبرد فرایند توسعه، بستری است که در چارچوب آن، امکان تحقق ملاحظات هر دو مفهوم ذکر شده به خوبی میسر خواهد بود. در چارچوب رویکرد مزبور، با عنایت به آثار نامطلوب عدم رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی مدنظر در توسعه پایدار در فرایند توسعه¬، بر تحقق بسیاری از مصادیق حقوق بشر، توجه به این ملاحظات، در زمره اولویت¬های اجرای هر گونه برنامه توسعه¬ای قرار خواهد گرفت. نکته مهم در این میان آنکه، تضمین حقوق بشر به عنوان غایت مدنظر در چارچوب حق بر توسعه نیز محسوب شده و بنابراین هرگونه موفقیت در تضمین حقوق بشر در فرایند توسعه از طریق رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی، می¬تواند به تحقق حق مزبور هم کمک نماید.از سوی دیگر، تلاش برای تحقق توسعه با محوریت حقوق بشر در چارچوب تلاش برای تحقق حق بر توسعه، گام مؤثری در وادار نمودن دولت¬ها به رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی و به تبع آن تضمین مسیر یک توسعه پایدار به شمار می¬آید. تضمین بسیاری از مصادیق حقوق بشر مورد نظر در حق بر توسعه در معاهدات الزام¬آوری همچون میثاق حقوق سیاسی و مدنی و میثاق حقوق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، بستری است که در چارجوب آن می¬توان هرگونه تعهد دولت¬ها به رعایت ملاحظات محیط زیستی مورد نظر در توسعه پایدار را هم به دلیل تاثیرگذاری مثبت رعایت این ملاحظات بر تحقق مصادیق حقوق بشر فوق¬الذکر، تعهدی الزام¬آور به شمار آورد.
The right to development and the sustainable development are appropriate responds to adverse consequences of classic approach to development and in each of them, there is a try to look at development from a specific perspective with a goal of finding a appropriat respond to its adverse consequences. It seems that the adoption of a human rights oriented approach in advancing of development process, is a context in which the consideration of both concepts can be well realized. In the framework of this approach and as result of adverse effects of failure to comply with environmental considerations of the sustainable development on realization of the human rights in development policies, Paying attention to these considerations will be among the priorities of any development program. The important point here is that guarantee of human rights is also considered as an main goal in the framework of the right to development, and therefore any success in guaranteeing human rights in development process through environmental considerations, can also contribute to the realization of this right. Also, the pursuit of human rights-oriented development in the context of the realization of the right to development, is an effective step in forcing states to comply with environmental considerations and, consequently, to ensure the path to sustainable development. the inclusion of human rights considered in the right to development, in the binding international treaties such as the Covenant on Political and Civil Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, is a context in which any commitment of states to comply with environmental considerations of sustainable development can be considered as an binding obligation, due to the positive impact of these considerations on realization of above-mentioned human rights cases.
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