همبستگی بین اثرات زیانبار بهداشتی منتسب به شاخص آلاینده ذرات معلق (PM10) در کیفیت هوا موثر بر ایمنی زیستی: بررسی موردی درکلانشهرکرمانشاه، ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
ایمنی زیستی
مهرداد پویانمهر
1
(استادیار ایمونولوژی، گروه علوم پایه و پاتوبیولوژی،بخش ایمونولوژی و میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه رازی،کرمانشاه، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
محسن خالوندپور
2
(کارشناس محیط زیست، اداره کل حفاظت از محیط زیست استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/09/03
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/04/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
کرمانشاه,
PM10,
اثرات بهداشتی,
کیفیت هوا,
ایمنی زیستی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا یکی از مهم‌ترین بحران های زیست محیطی موجودات زنده ( انسان، حیوان و گیاه هان) می‌باشد. مواجهه با آلودگی هوا با پیامدهای سلامتی متفاوتی مرتبط شده است. آلودگی هوا موجب افزایش بیماریهای مختلف و کاهش متوسط امید به زندگی می شود. با توجه به همبستگی بین اثرات زیانبار موثر بر ایمنی زیستی منتسب به شاخص آلاینده ذرات معلق (PM10) در کیفیت هوا، هدف این مطالعه بررسی روند تغییرات وضعیت سطح ذرات معلق هوا (PM10) طی یک دوره هشت ساله( 1397- 1390) درکلانشهر کرمانشاه بر اساس شاخص (PSI) و هبستگی تحلیلی آن بر سلامت بود.
روش بررسی: داده ها از ایستگاه فعال سازمان حفاظت از محیط زیست کرمانشاه، جمع آوری و چگونگی روند تغییرات غلظت آلاینده مورد نظر بر اساس شاخص psi مورد تحلیل قرارگرفت.
یافته ها: بیشترین شرایط ناسالم، بسیار ناسالم و خطرناک کیفیت هوا به ترتیب به فصول زمستان ، تابستان و با تفاوت معنی داری نیز در پاییز در مقایسه با بهار دیده شد. همچنین مطالعه تغییرات کیفیت هوا در طول دوره هشت ساله از نظر فصل و ماه نیز اختلاف معنی داری را نشان داد (0.001>P). گرچه به استثناء یک سال (1393)، دامنه میانگین تغییرات غلظت (μg/m3) PM10 اختلاف معنی داری رانشان نداد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: علاوه برهبستگی بین میزان آلاینده PM10 با اثرات زیست محیطی و سلامت ،کیفیت هوای کرمانشاه از نظر آلاینده PM10 با وضعیت استاندارد فاصله نسبی دارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental crises of living (humans, animals and plants). Exposure to air pollution is associated with different health outcomes. Air pollution causes a reduction in the average life expectancy, an increase in various diseases. Given the correlation between the harmful effects on the bio-safety attributable to airborne particulate index (PM10) in air quality, the aim of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in airborne particulate index (PM10) over an eight-year period (2011-2018) based on index (PSI) and its analytical dependence on health over a period of time was Kermanshah metropolitan.
Material and Methodology: Data from the active station of Kermanshah Environmental Protection Agency was collected and the process of changing the concentration of pollutants by the psi index was analyzed.
Findings: The unhealthiest, very unhealthy and dangerous conditions of air quality were observed in the winter, summer and winter seasons, respectively, with a significant difference in autumn compared to spring. Also, the study of air quality changes during the eight-year period showed a significant difference in season and month (P <0.001). However, with the exception of one year (2014), the average range of PM10 (μg / m3) concentrations did not differ significantly.
Discussion and Conclusion: In addition to the correlation between the amount of PM10 contaminated with environmental and health effects, Kermanshah air quality has a relative distance between the PM10 pollutants and the standard state.
منابع و مأخذ:
Horak, F., et al., Particulate matter and lung function growth in children: a 3-yr follow-up study in Austrian schoolchildren. European respiratory journal, 2002. 19(5): p. 838-845.
Rowshan G, Khosh Akhlagh F, Negahban S, Mirkatouly J. Impact of air pollution on climate fluctuations in Tehran city. Environmental Sciences. 2009 Sep 23;7(1). (In Persian)
Khanjani, N., L. Ranadeh Kalankesh, and F. Mansouri, Air pollution and respiratory deaths in Kerman, Iran (from 2006 till 2010). Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 2012. 8(3): p. 58-65. (In Persian)
Jonaidi Jafari, A., et al., Estimation of number of cardiac and respiratory deaths attributed to air pollution in Tehran (2006). Teb va Tazkiyeh, 2009. 18(3-4): p. 37-47. (In Persian)
Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chemical reviews. 2015 May 27;115(10):3803-55.
Matyasovszky, I., et al., Multivariate analysis of respiratory problems and their connection with meteorological parameters and the main biological and chemical air pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, 2011. 45(25): p. 4152-4159.
Rezaei, S., et al., The effect of air pollution on respiratory disease visits to the emergency department in Kerman, Iran. Journal of Health and Development, 2015. 4(4): p. 306-314. (In Persian)
Bell, M.L., et al., Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000. Jama, 2004. 292(19): p. 2372-2378. (In Persian)
Volk HE, Lurmann F, Penfold B, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R. Traffic-related air pollution, particulate matter, and autism. JAMA psychiatry. 2013 Jan 1;70(1):71-7.
Goudarzi, G., et al., Health endpoints caused by PM10 Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment, 2014. 1(4): p. 159-165. (In Persian)
NajafPoor, A.A., A.J. Jafari, and S. Dousti, in Tehran metropolis and its relationship with meteorological data, 2001-2009. Journal of Health in the Field, 2015. 3(2). (In Persian)
Sæbø A, Popek R, Nawrot B, Hanslin HM, Gawronska H, Gawronski SW. Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces. Science of the Total Environment. 2012 Jun 15;427:347-54.
Zhang YL, Cao F. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in China at a city level. Scientific reports. 2015 Oct 15; 5:14884.
Konisky DM, Woods ND. Measuring state environmental policy. Review of Policy Research. 2012 Jul;29(4):544-69.
Yusof, N., et al. Correlation of PM10 concentration and weather parameters in conjunction with haze event in Seberang Perai, Penang. in International conference on construction technology (ICCT). 2008.
Vassilakos, C., et al., Temporal variations of PM2. 5 in the ambient air of a suburban site in Athens, Greece. Science of the Total Environment, 2005. 349(1-3): p. 223-231.
Querol, X., et al., African dust contributions to mean ambient PM10 mass-levels across the Mediterranean Basin. Atmospheric Environment, 2009. 43(28): p. 4266-4277.
NADAFI, K., et al., Studying the TSP and PM10 measurements and description of the Air quality according to the Air Quality Index (AQI) in the central parts of Tehran city in 2005-2006. HEALTH SYSTEM RESEARCH, Iranian Journal of health. 2011. 6(4). (In Persian)
Shahsavani, A., et al., The evaluation of PM10, PM2. 5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010. Journal of arid environments, 2012. 77: p. 72-83. (In Persian)
Organization, W.H., Quantification of health effects of exposure to air pollution: report on a WHO working group, Bilthoven, Netherlands 20-22 November 2000. 2001, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Newmark AJ, Witko C. Pollution, politics, and preferences for environmental spending in the states. Review of Policy Research. 2007 Jul;24(4):291-308.
Bigdeli, A., The effect of climatic factors and air pollution on MI in Tehran in a five-year period (1990-94). 2001. Iranian Journal of health. (In Persian)
Di Ciaula, A., Emergency visits and hospital admissions in aged people living close to a gas-fired power plant. European journal of internal medicine, 2012. 23(2): p. e53-e58.
Kosha, A. and A. Rajabi. The relation between PM10 and emergency department admission rates-a case study of Emam Reza, Shahid Madani and Sina Hospitals in Tabriz in winter 2009. in 14th National Congress On Environmental Health. 2009. (In Persian)
Morshedi, A. and S. Mirzaii. Fine air particles and their relation with the health of people in southern Busher province. in 14th National Congress on Environmental Health. 2011. (In Persian)
Mohammadyan, M., A. Alizadeh, and R. Mohammadpour, Assessment of bus drivers’ exposure to respirable particles (PM10) in Sari. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2007. 17(60): p. 39-47. (In Persian)
Gholizadeh, M., M. Farajzadeh, and M. Darand, The correlation between air pollution and human mortality in Tehran. Hakim Research Journal, 2009. 12(2): p. 65-71. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A.R., et al., Air pollution and hospitalization due to angina pectoris in Tehran, Iran: a time-series study. Environmental Research, 2005. 99(1): p. 126-131. (In Persian)
Masjedi, M., et al., The correlation between air pollution with cardiovascular and respiratory attacks. Journal of research in medicine, 2001. 25(1): p. 25-33. (In Persian)
Delamater, P.L., A.O. Finley, and S. Banerjee, An analysis of asthma hospitalizations, air pollution, and weather conditions in Los Angeles County, California. Science of the Total Environment, 2012. 425: p. 110-118.
Portney PR. Air pollution policy. InPublic policies for environmental protection 2010 Oct 28 (pp. 87-134). Routledge.
Lin J, Pan D, Davis SJ, Zhang Q, He K, Wang C, Streets DG, Wuebbles DJ, Guan D. China’s international trade and air pollution in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014 Feb 4;111(5):1736-41.
Zhang Q, Jiang X, Tong D, Davis SJ, Zhao H, Geng G, Feng T, Zheng B, Lu Z, Streets DG, Ni R. Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade. Nature. 2017 Mar;543(7647):705-9.
Kanemoto K, Moran D, Lenzen M, Geschke A. International trade undermines national emission reduction targets: New evidence from air pollution. Global Environmental Change. 2014 Jan 1;24:52-9.
Kukla-Gryz A. Economic growth, international trade and air pollution: A decomposition analysis. Ecological economics. 2009 Mar 15;68(5):1329-39.
Davidson CI, Phalen RF, Solomon PA. Airborne particulate matter and human health: a review. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2005 Aug 1;39(8):737-49.
Meng J, Liu J, Xu Y, Guan D, Liu Z, Huang Y, Tao S. Globalization and pollution: tele-connecting local primary PM2. 5 emissions to global consumption. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2016 Nov 30;472(2195):20160380.
_||_
Horak, F., et al., Particulate matter and lung function growth in children: a 3-yr follow-up study in Austrian schoolchildren. European respiratory journal, 2002. 19(5): p. 838-845.
Rowshan G, Khosh Akhlagh F, Negahban S, Mirkatouly J. Impact of air pollution on climate fluctuations in Tehran city. Environmental Sciences. 2009 Sep 23;7(1). (In Persian)
Khanjani, N., L. Ranadeh Kalankesh, and F. Mansouri, Air pollution and respiratory deaths in Kerman, Iran (from 2006 till 2010). Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 2012. 8(3): p. 58-65. (In Persian)
Jonaidi Jafari, A., et al., Estimation of number of cardiac and respiratory deaths attributed to air pollution in Tehran (2006). Teb va Tazkiyeh, 2009. 18(3-4): p. 37-47. (In Persian)
Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chemical reviews. 2015 May 27;115(10):3803-55.
Matyasovszky, I., et al., Multivariate analysis of respiratory problems and their connection with meteorological parameters and the main biological and chemical air pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, 2011. 45(25): p. 4152-4159.
Rezaei, S., et al., The effect of air pollution on respiratory disease visits to the emergency department in Kerman, Iran. Journal of Health and Development, 2015. 4(4): p. 306-314. (In Persian)
Bell, M.L., et al., Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000. Jama, 2004. 292(19): p. 2372-2378. (In Persian)
Volk HE, Lurmann F, Penfold B, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R. Traffic-related air pollution, particulate matter, and autism. JAMA psychiatry. 2013 Jan 1;70(1):71-7.
Goudarzi, G., et al., Health endpoints caused by PM10 Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment, 2014. 1(4): p. 159-165. (In Persian)
NajafPoor, A.A., A.J. Jafari, and S. Dousti, in Tehran metropolis and its relationship with meteorological data, 2001-2009. Journal of Health in the Field, 2015. 3(2). (In Persian)
Sæbø A, Popek R, Nawrot B, Hanslin HM, Gawronska H, Gawronski SW. Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces. Science of the Total Environment. 2012 Jun 15;427:347-54.
Zhang YL, Cao F. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in China at a city level. Scientific reports. 2015 Oct 15; 5:14884.
Konisky DM, Woods ND. Measuring state environmental policy. Review of Policy Research. 2012 Jul;29(4):544-69.
Yusof, N., et al. Correlation of PM10 concentration and weather parameters in conjunction with haze event in Seberang Perai, Penang. in International conference on construction technology (ICCT). 2008.
Vassilakos, C., et al., Temporal variations of PM2. 5 in the ambient air of a suburban site in Athens, Greece. Science of the Total Environment, 2005. 349(1-3): p. 223-231.
Querol, X., et al., African dust contributions to mean ambient PM10 mass-levels across the Mediterranean Basin. Atmospheric Environment, 2009. 43(28): p. 4266-4277.
NADAFI, K., et al., Studying the TSP and PM10 measurements and description of the Air quality according to the Air Quality Index (AQI) in the central parts of Tehran city in 2005-2006. HEALTH SYSTEM RESEARCH, Iranian Journal of health. 2011. 6(4). (In Persian)
Shahsavani, A., et al., The evaluation of PM10, PM2. 5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010. Journal of arid environments, 2012. 77: p. 72-83. (In Persian)
Organization, W.H., Quantification of health effects of exposure to air pollution: report on a WHO working group, Bilthoven, Netherlands 20-22 November 2000. 2001, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Newmark AJ, Witko C. Pollution, politics, and preferences for environmental spending in the states. Review of Policy Research. 2007 Jul;24(4):291-308.
Bigdeli, A., The effect of climatic factors and air pollution on MI in Tehran in a five-year period (1990-94). 2001. Iranian Journal of health. (In Persian)
Di Ciaula, A., Emergency visits and hospital admissions in aged people living close to a gas-fired power plant. European journal of internal medicine, 2012. 23(2): p. e53-e58.
Kosha, A. and A. Rajabi. The relation between PM10 and emergency department admission rates-a case study of Emam Reza, Shahid Madani and Sina Hospitals in Tabriz in winter 2009. in 14th National Congress On Environmental Health. 2009. (In Persian)
Morshedi, A. and S. Mirzaii. Fine air particles and their relation with the health of people in southern Busher province. in 14th National Congress on Environmental Health. 2011. (In Persian)
Mohammadyan, M., A. Alizadeh, and R. Mohammadpour, Assessment of bus drivers’ exposure to respirable particles (PM10) in Sari. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2007. 17(60): p. 39-47. (In Persian)
Gholizadeh, M., M. Farajzadeh, and M. Darand, The correlation between air pollution and human mortality in Tehran. Hakim Research Journal, 2009. 12(2): p. 65-71. (In Persian)
Hosseinpoor, A.R., et al., Air pollution and hospitalization due to angina pectoris in Tehran, Iran: a time-series study. Environmental Research, 2005. 99(1): p. 126-131. (In Persian)
Masjedi, M., et al., The correlation between air pollution with cardiovascular and respiratory attacks. Journal of research in medicine, 2001. 25(1): p. 25-33. (In Persian)
Delamater, P.L., A.O. Finley, and S. Banerjee, An analysis of asthma hospitalizations, air pollution, and weather conditions in Los Angeles County, California. Science of the Total Environment, 2012. 425: p. 110-118.
Portney PR. Air pollution policy. InPublic policies for environmental protection 2010 Oct 28 (pp. 87-134). Routledge.
Lin J, Pan D, Davis SJ, Zhang Q, He K, Wang C, Streets DG, Wuebbles DJ, Guan D. China’s international trade and air pollution in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014 Feb 4;111(5):1736-41.
Zhang Q, Jiang X, Tong D, Davis SJ, Zhao H, Geng G, Feng T, Zheng B, Lu Z, Streets DG, Ni R. Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade. Nature. 2017 Mar;543(7647):705-9.
Kanemoto K, Moran D, Lenzen M, Geschke A. International trade undermines national emission reduction targets: New evidence from air pollution. Global Environmental Change. 2014 Jan 1;24:52-9.
Kukla-Gryz A. Economic growth, international trade and air pollution: A decomposition analysis. Ecological economics. 2009 Mar 15;68(5):1329-39.
Davidson CI, Phalen RF, Solomon PA. Airborne particulate matter and human health: a review. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2005 Aug 1;39(8):737-49.
Meng J, Liu J, Xu Y, Guan D, Liu Z, Huang Y, Tao S. Globalization and pollution: tele-connecting local primary PM2. 5 emissions to global consumption. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2016 Nov 30;472(2195):20160380.
