تبیین چارچوب خطرو مسوولیت در پرتو حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
نیلوفر نژاد اسمعیل
1
(
کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین الملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
سبحان طیبی
2
(
دکترای حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست، مدرس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/04/11
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/07/11
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست,
خسارت زیست محیطی,
مسوولیت بین المللی,
نظریه خطر,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه حفاظت از محیط زیست امری مهم برای جامعه بشری محسوب می شود. در این راستا هرنوع تخریب در ابعاد کوچک ممکن است به ابعاد بزرگ وجبران ناپذیری تبدیل شود. از آنجایی که صدمات وارده به محیط زیست در بدو امر قابل رویت نبوده و به مرور زمان آثار مخرب آن نمایان می گردد، این مساله را بایستی فرامرزی قلمداد نمود و هرگونه تخریب محیط زیستی مسوولیت فرامرزی و بین المللی در پی دارد.
پژوهش حاضر بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و فیش برداری در چارچوب گردآوری مطالب توصیفی و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.
در این راستا نظر به مبحث مخاطرات محیط زیستی و تخریب های انسانی مسوولیت براساس نظریات خطا وخطر مشخص و برانگیخته می شود. اهمیت این موضوع و براهین موجود ما را به آن داشت تا طی پژوهش پیش رو به تبیین چارچوب خطر و مسوولیت در پرتو حقوق بین الملل محیط زیستی بپردازیم و به این پرسش که آیا تبیین چارچوب خطرومسولیت درحقوق بین الملل محیط زیست در میزان پایبندی دولت ها به معاهدات بین المللی زیست محیطی تغییری ایجاد می کند؟
با این فرضیه که به نظر می رسد تبیین چارچوب خطرومسوولیت در پرتو رویه پیروی وپایبندی به تعهدات بین الملل ضامن تحقق عمل به معاهدات بین المللی باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Today, protecting the environment is considered an important issue for human society. In this regard, any type of destruction in small dimensions may become large and irreparable. Since the damage caused to the environment is not visible at the beginning and its destructive effects become visible over time, this issue should be considered transboundary and any environmental destruction entails transboundary and international responsibility.
The current research is based on library studies and data collection in the framework of descriptive material collection and analysis.
In this regard, the opinion on the topic of environmental hazards and human destruction of responsibility based on the theories of error and risk is defined and raised. The importance of this issue and the existing evidence led us to explain the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law during the upcoming research and to the question of whether the explanation of the framework of risk and responsibility in international environmental law is related to the extent of governments' adherence to Will international environmental treaties make a difference?
With this hypothesis, it seems that the explanation of the framework of sovereignty in the light of the procedure of following and adhering to international obligations is a guarantee of the implementation of international treaties.
منابع و مأخذ:
Nejad Ismail, Nilofar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis of international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 16-14. (In Persian)
Lavie, Jean-Marc, 2014, explaining the position of the precautionary principle in the framework of international environmental law, translated by Sobhan Tayyibi, published in the book of essays on new approaches in the light of international environmental law, Khorsandi Publications, page 117-129. (In Persian)
Mousavi, Fazullah, (2012), International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 46-49. (In Persian)
Mousavi, Fazlullah, (2012), International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 88-93. (In Persian)
Fafadar, Ali, (2016), the commitment and responsibility of governments in respecting the environment, Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 1, Pages 101-110. (In Persian)
Arashpour, Ali Reza, 2012, International Responsibility for Violation of Environmental Obligations, Jungle Publications, page 35-38. (In Persian)
Di Mento, Josep, 2015, Global Environment and International Law, translated by Sobhan Tayibi, Majd Publications, page 64-66. (In Persian)
Maleki Asal, Pegah, 2015, changing the approach of governments in fulfilling their obligations arising from the covenant of economic, social and cultural rights in the light of the seven dimensions of the doctrine of human security, a collection of articles on new approaches in the light of international environmental law, edited by: Sobhan Tayibi Khorsandi Publications, page 263-267. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilofar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 29-33. (In Persian)
Rad Fekri, M., (2018), international responsibility of governments for transboundary damages caused by dangerous activities, University of Tehran, page 21-24. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilufar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 39-41. (In Persian)
Rad Fekri, M., (2008), international responsibility of governments for transboundary damages caused by dangerous activities, University of Tehran, page 33-34. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilufar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 47-49. (In Persian)
Helali, Leila, Seddigian, Abdullah, 2014, a comparative look at civil liability for environmental damages, Master's Thesis of Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod Unit, page 67-64. (In Persian)
Tayibi, Sobhan and Shirazian, Shirin, 2017, an introduction to the international responsibility of governments due to environmental damage, Khorsandi Publications, in print, page 17-20. (In Persian)
Porfashmi, Seyyed Abbas and Arghand Bahare, 2013, International Environmental Law, Judge Publications, page 211-213. (In Persian)
Namamian, Peyman, 2015, environmental protection based on nuclear rights, a collection of articles on modern approaches in the light of international environmental law, edited by: Sobhan Tayibi, Khorsandi Publications, page 581-585. (In Persian)
Tayibi, Sabahan, Zarrabi, Mahnaz, (2014), An Introduction to International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 137-134. (In Persian)
Ebrahim Gol, Alireza, (2014), International Responsibility of Governments, Shahr Danesh Publishing House, pages 27-29. (In Persian)
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Nejad Ismail, Nilofar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis of international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 16-14. (In Persian)
Lavie, Jean-Marc, 2014, explaining the position of the precautionary principle in the framework of international environmental law, translated by Sobhan Tayyibi, published in the book of essays on new approaches in the light of international environmental law, Khorsandi Publications, page 117-129. (In Persian)
Mousavi, Fazullah, (2012), International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 46-49. (In Persian)
Mousavi, Fazlullah, (2012), International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 88-93. (In Persian)
Fafadar, Ali, (2016), the commitment and responsibility of governments in respecting the environment, Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 1, Pages 101-110. (In Persian)
Arashpour, Ali Reza, 2012, International Responsibility for Violation of Environmental Obligations, Jungle Publications, page 35-38. (In Persian)
Di Mento, Josep, 2015, Global Environment and International Law, translated by Sobhan Tayibi, Majd Publications, page 64-66. (In Persian)
Maleki Asal, Pegah, 2015, changing the approach of governments in fulfilling their obligations arising from the covenant of economic, social and cultural rights in the light of the seven dimensions of the doctrine of human security, a collection of articles on new approaches in the light of international environmental law, edited by: Sobhan Tayibi Khorsandi Publications, page 263-267. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilofar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 29-33. (In Persian)
Rad Fekri, M., (2018), international responsibility of governments for transboundary damages caused by dangerous activities, University of Tehran, page 21-24. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilufar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 39-41. (In Persian)
Rad Fekri, M., (2008), international responsibility of governments for transboundary damages caused by dangerous activities, University of Tehran, page 33-34. (In Persian)
Nejad Ismail, Nilufar, 2016, explaining the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law, master's thesis in international law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Tayibi, Damavand Azad University, page 47-49. (In Persian)
Helali, Leila, Seddigian, Abdullah, 2014, a comparative look at civil liability for environmental damages, Master's Thesis of Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod Unit, page 67-64. (In Persian)
Tayibi, Sobhan and Shirazian, Shirin, 2017, an introduction to the international responsibility of governments due to environmental damage, Khorsandi Publications, in print, page 17-20. (In Persian)
Porfashmi, Seyyed Abbas and Arghand Bahare, 2013, International Environmental Law, Judge Publications, page 211-213. (In Persian)
Namamian, Peyman, 2015, environmental protection based on nuclear rights, a collection of articles on modern approaches in the light of international environmental law, edited by: Sobhan Tayibi, Khorsandi Publications, page 581-585. (In Persian)
Tayibi, Sabahan, Zarrabi, Mahnaz, (2014), An Introduction to International Environmental Law, Mizan Publishing, page 137-134. (In Persian)
Ebrahim Gol, Alireza, (2014), International Responsibility of Governments, Shahr Danesh Publishing House, pages 27-29. (In Persian)
