مدلسازی تحلیل خسارات دیاکسیدگوگرد خروجی از نیروگاهها بر سازه های شهری قزوین مطالعه موردی: نیروگاه شهید رجائی
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
الهام مجاور
1
,
فرامرز معطر
2
,
سهیل سبحان اردکانی
3
,
سید علی جوزی
4
,
سید مسعود منوری
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دکتری تخصصی شیمی هسته ای، استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،
3 - دکتری تخصصی علوم محیط زیست، استاد، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
4 - دکتری تخصصی ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، استاد، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 - دکتری تخصصی علوم محیط زیست، دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/11/26
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/04/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01
کلید واژه:
SO2,
نمای ساختمان,
تحلیل خسارت,
هزینه خارج,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: یک مدل برای محاسبه اثرات و پیامدهای فیزیکی- اقتصادی ناشی از آلاینده‌های منتشره از نیروگاهها بر ابینه شهری توسعه داده شد. برای مطالعه موردی اثر آلاینده دیاکسیدگوگرد نیروگاه چرخه ترکیبی شهید رجائی روی نماهای بناهای شهری شهر قزوین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: از مدل دود گوسی جهت محاسبه پراکنش آلودگی هوا و از توابع غلظت آلودگی- عملکرد با بهره‌گیری از روش IPA به‌منظور محاسبه هزینه‌های ناشی از آلودگی استفاده شده است. به‌منظور محاسبه میزان خسارت ناشی از آلاینده دیاکسیدگوگرد بر بناهای شهری، به‌واسطه افزایش خوردگی مصالح ساختمان و خاک گرفتگی و به تبع آن افزایش هزینه شستشو بر هر متراژ بر پایه نوع نمای بناهای شهری، تمام هزینه‌ها بومی‌سازی شد. پس از صحت‌سنجی نتایج خروجی مدل، هزینه‌های خارجی براساس نوع بناهای شهری، سرعت باد، و کلاس پایداری مختلف جوی محاسبه شد. کلاس های پایداری مختلف جوی بر اساس طبقه‌بندی کلاسیک پاسکیل-گیفورد (P-G) تعیین شد.یافته‌ها: بیشترین هزینه خارجی مربوط به نمای سیمان سفید 36575 دلار معادل 849 میلیون ریال برآورد شد. برای نمای کاهگلی هزینه خارجی برابر5376 دلار معادل 1247 میلیون ریال تخمین زده شد. بیشترین هزینه‌های خارجی برای باد با سرعت ۱ متر بر ثانیه هزینه خارجی به‌میزان 139026 دلار معادل 32254 میلیون ریال و کمترین هزینه خارجی در سرعت باد با سرعت 20 متر بر ثانیه با مقدار 352 دلار معادل 82 میلیون ریال به‌دست آمد. از دیدگاه کلاس پایداری پاسکیل-گیفورد، کمترین هزینه خارجی درکلاس به شدت ناپایدار (A) و بیشترین هزینه خارجی در کلاس خنثی (D) برآورد شده است. هزینه‌های خارجی ناشی از آلاینده دیاکسیدگوگرد برای شهر قزوین، به ازای هر مگاوات ساعت برق تولیدی 0.009 دلار (2162ریال) محاسبه شد.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد مصالح سازگار با منطقه، بومی و دارای ریشه در فرهنگ آن منطقه می‌تواند هزینه‌های خارجی کمتری در مقایسه با مصالح جدید داشته باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: In this study, a model for measuring the effects and the physical-economic consequences of air pollutants emitted from Power Plants on urban buildings facades was developed. For the case study, the effect of SO2 pollutant emitted from Rajaee Combined-cycle Power Plant on Qazvin’s buildings’ facades was studied.Methods and materials: To develop this model, the Gaussian plume method was used to estimate the air pollution dispersion and impact pathway assessment (IPA) to calculate the air pollutant external costs. The damage costs of SO2 due to the corrosion of building materials, soiling, and consequently an increase in cleaning expenses of each square meter of urban buildings’ facades were localized. After the validation of the output results of the developed model, the external costs based on the wind speed and different atmospheric stability classification were estimated. Different atmospheric stability classes were examined using the Pasquil-Gifford (P-G) classification.Findings: Based on the facade’s material, the highest external costs were related to the white cement with 36575 dollars (849 million Rials). For the thatch façade, which is the local material of the region, the external cost was estimated to be 5376 dollars (1247 million Rials).Based on the wind speed, the highest external cost was obtained for the wind 1m/s with 139026 dollars (3254 million Rials) and the lowest cost was 352 dollars (82 million Rials) for the wind speed of 20 m/s.For the atmospheric stability classification, the lowest external cost in extremely unstable class (A) and the highest external cost in neutral class (D) have been measured. The external cost due to the SO2 pollutants for the city of Qazvin was 0.009 dollars (2162 Rials) For each megawatt-hour generated electricity.Conclusion: The results showed that the materials compatible with the local region can have lower external costs compared with the new materials used in the buildings.Keywords: damage analysis, SO2, combined cycle power plant, external cost, building facade
منابع و مأخذ:
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_||_
1- Hainoun A, Almoustafa A, Seif Aldin M. Estimating the health damage costs of syrian electricity generation system using impact pathway approach. Energy [Internet]. 2010;35(2):628–38. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.10.034
2- Fouladi Fard R, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Dehghani MH, Hassanvand MS. The assessment of health impacts and external costs of natural gas-fired power plant of Qom. Vol. 23, Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016. p. 20922–36.
3- Spadaro JSpadaro J V. Airpacts EQUATIONS FOR IMPACT AND DAMAGE COST ASSESSMENTS.
4- Spadaro J V. Damage Costs of Airborne Pollution : 2002;(October).
5- Reed WR. Significant Dust Dispersion Models for Mining Operations. IC 9478 DHHS Publ No 2005-138 [Internet]. 2005;29. Available from: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/6833
6- Spadaro J V. Airpacts manual. 2002;(April).
7- Zannetti P. Air pollution modeling: theories, computational methods and available software [Internet]. Theories computational method and available software. California: Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC; 2013. 450 p. Available from: http://scholar.google.co.il/scholar?q=Zanetti,+P.+(1990).+Air+Pollution+Modeling:&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#0
8- Spadaro J V. (Version 1.0) A tool for assessing the environmental impacts and damage costs to human health, agricultural crops and man-made structures from exposure to routine atmospheric emissions. 2002;(October):1–4.
9- Rabl A, Spadaro J V. External Costs of Energy: How Much Is Clean Energy Worth? J Sol Energy Eng Trans ASME. 2016;138(4):1–8.
10- Liun Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional E, Liun E, Kuncoro AH, Sartono E. Environmental Impacts Assessment of Java’s Electricity Generation Using SimPacts Model [Internet]. 2007. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267819088
11- Karimzadegan H, Rahmatian M, Farsiabi MM, Meiboudi H. Social cost of fossil-based electricity generation plants in Iran. Environ Eng Manag J. 2015;14(10):2373–82.
12- Rao NV, Rajasekhar M, Rao GC. Detrimental effect of Air pollution, Corrosion on Building Materials and Historical Structures. Am J Eng Res [Internet]. 2014;03:359–64. Available from: www.ajer.org
13- Xu Y. Improvements in the Operation of SO2 Scrubbers in China’s Coal Power Plants. Environ Sci Technol [Internet]. 2010 Jan 15 [cited 2021 Nov 1];45(2):380–5. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es1025678
14- Venkat Rao N, Rajasekhar M, Chinna Rao DRG. Detrimental effect of Air pollution, Corrosion on Building Materials and Historical Structures. Vol. 3, American Journal of Engineering Research. 2016. p. 359–64.
15- Nedellec V, Bachmann TM, Rabl A, Spadaro J V. Monetary valuation of trace pollutants emitted into air by industrial facilities. Encycl Environ Heal. 2019;(November 2020):470–84.
16- Lazaridis M1. First Principles of Meteorology. 2011. p. 67–118.
17- Spadaro J V. Airpacts Input Data : Source Characteristics. 2002;(October):1–4.
18- Mojaver E, Sobhanardakani S, Moattar F, Jozi SA, Monavari SM. Using a modified version of Airpacts model for estimating the damage posed by sulfur dioxide emission from power plants to urban and rural building façades (case study: Shahid Rajaee power plant, Qazvin Province, Iran). Environ Monit Assess. 2021;193(7).
19- Welcome to ICP Materials | RISE [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 22]. Available from: https://www.ri.se/en/icp-materials
20- Grøntoft T. Estimation of damage cost to building facades per kilo emission of air pollution in Norway. Atmosphere (Basel). 2020;11(7).
21- Rabl A, Spadaro J V. Damage Costs of Air Pollution and Policy Implications. Compr Anal Chem. 2016;73(May):881–915.
22- Spadaro J V. Input data: pollutant inventory. 2002;(October):1–6.
23- Ministry of Roads & Urban Development Islamic Republic of Iran [Internet]. [cited 2021 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.mrud.ir/en
24- Plan and Budget Organization of Iran. [Internet]. Economic reports of 2004. Tehran: Plan and Budget Organization of Iran; [In persian]. 2005 [cited 2021 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.mporg.ir/en
25- وزارت راه و شهرسازی [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.mrud.ir/
26- Reiminger N, Jurado X, Vazquez J, Wemmert C, Blond N, Dufresne M, et al. Effects of wind speed and atmospheric stability on the air pollution reduction rate induced by noise barriers. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. 2020 May 1;200.
27- Santos-Alamillos FJ, Pozo-Vázquez D, Ruiz-Arias JA, Tovar-Pescador J. Influence of land-use misrepresentation on the accuracy of WRF wind estimates: Evaluation of GLCC and CORINE land-use maps in southern Spain. Vol. 157, Atmospheric Research. 2015. p. 17–28.
28- Santos-Alamillos FJ, Zquez DPV, Ruiz-Arias JA, Lara-Fanego V, Tovar-Pescador J. Analysis of WRF model wind estimate sensitivity to physics parameterization choice and terrain representation in Andalusia (Southern Spain). J Appl Meteorol Climatol. 2013 Jul;52(7):1592–609.
29- Octaviani M, Manomaiphiboon K, Prabamroong T. Wind Shear Coefficient at 23 Wind Monitoring Towers in Thailand. Vol. 6. 2015. p. 61–6.
30- Bater M, Ahmadi H, Abedi Koupai J, Emadi R. The Effect of Curing Time on Compressive and Tensile Strength of Traditional Kahgel TT - [Internet]. Vol. 36, Jhre. 2017 [cited 2021 Oct 29]. p. 69–86. Available from: http://jhre.ir/article-1-1282-en.html
31- Cichowicz R, Wielgosiński G, Fetter W. Effect of wind speed on the level of particulate matter PM10 concentration in atmospheric air during winter season in vicinity of large combustion plant. J Atmos Chem 2020 771 [Internet]. 2020 May 17 [cited 2021 Oct 17];77(1):35–48. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10874-020-09401-w
