سنجش و اندازه‌گیری عناصر سنگین و آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی در چمن‌های مصنوعی
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
آلاله قلی پور پیوندی
1
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مژگان زعیم‌دار
2
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هومن بهمن پور
3
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سعید ملماسی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، علوم محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
4 - استادیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: پایش زیست محیطی, فلزات سنگین, ترکیبات آلاینده, کفپوش ورزشی, چمن مصنوعی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف تحقیق، سنجش عناصر و ترکیبات سمی موجود در کفپوش‌های چمن مصنوعی مورد استفاده در اماکن ورزشی و فضاهای تفرجی است.
روش بررسی: این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و به روش آزمایشگاهی است. عناصر سنگین، منومر، هیدروکربن آزاد و ترکیبات فنولی اندازه‌گیری شدند. برای سنجش آلاینده‌ها از دستگاههای اسپکترومتر نشر اتمی پلاسما(ICP-OES) مدلVista Pro و اسپکتروفتومتر اشعه مرئی و ماورائ‌بنفش مدل 1240 mini استفاده شد. آزمایشات سه مرتبه تکرار شدند. برای تعیین حد مجاز مواجهه، از شاخص متوسط وزنی – زمانی (OEL-TWA) استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین ترکیب موجود در ساختار این نوع کفپوش، متعلق به ترکیب اکسید تیتانیوم (TiO2) با میزان ppm 4780 و پس از آن دی‌اکتیل فتالات با ppm 2800 و سپس، ایزوپرن با ppm 2670 می‌باشد. آنالیز ترکیبات غیرآلی نشان می‌دهد که بالاترین میزان عنصر موجود در ساختار این نوع کفپوش، متعلق به عنصر روی (Zn) با میزان ppm 1507 و سپس عنصر کبالت (Co) با ppm 145 می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف زیادی میان استاندارد و حد مجاز آلاینده‌ها با اعداد حاصل از آزمایشات وجود دارد. 2 آلاینده آرسنیک و کروم با قابلیت «سرطان‌زایی تایید شده انسانی» در ساختار چمن مصنوعی شناسایی شدند. سیلیس نیز به عنوان «آلاینده‌های مشکوک به سرطان‌زایی در انسان»، شناسایی شد. سرب نیز به عنوان «سرطان‌زایی تایید شده برای حیوان با ارتباط ناشناخته بر انسان» شناسایی شد و 11 مورد بعنوان «غیرقابل طبقه‌بندی به عنوان یک عامل سرطان‌زای انسانی» سنجش شدند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: برخی از عناصر و ترکیبات موجود در ساختار کفپوش‌های ورزشی، دارای رنجی بالاتر از استانداردها و حدود مجاز مواجهه هستند که این امر می‌تواند بر سلامت کاربران تاثیرگذار باشد و از سوی دیگر، امکان آسیب‌رسانی به محیط زیست را دارا است.
Background and Objective: The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in artificial grass floors used in sports and recreational areas.
Material and Methodology: This research is applied and laboratory method. Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured. To measure the pollutants, ICP-OES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used. The experiments were repeated three times. Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit.
Findings: The most compound in the structure of this type of flooring belongs to titanium oxide (TiO2) compound with 4780 ppm, followed by dioctyl phthalate with 2800 ppm and then isoprene with 2670 ppm. The analysis of inorganic compounds shows that the highest element content in the structure of this type of flooring belongs to zinc element (Zn) with 1507 ppm and then cobalt element (Co) with 145 ppm. The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests. 2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the artificial grass structure. Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans". Lead was also identified as "confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans" and 11 cases were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".
Discussion and Conclusion: Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users, and on the other hand, it has the possibility of harming the environment.
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