تحلیل تاثیر تکنیک ساختمان های سبز بر کاهش مصرف انرژی (تکنیک بام سبز در ساختمان آموزشی در شهر واسط عراق)
محورهای موضوعی :
انرژی
ایام شیاع علی التمیمی
1
,
افسانه زرکش
2
,
منصور یگانه
3
1 - کارشناس‌ارشد معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/08/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/01
کلید واژه:
مصرف انرژی,
انتقال حرارت,
ساختمان سبز,
نرم افزار دیزاین بیلدر,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: عراق دارای زمستان های معتدل و هوای گرم و خشک در تابستان های طولانی است به همین دلیل خنک سازی به پر مصرف ترین جنبه انرژی در عراق تبدیل شده و میزان مصرف انرژی در حال افزایش است. این مشکل در عدم تمایل به استفاده از راه های ساختمان سبز است که با هدف کاهش مصرف انرژی و منابع طبیعی انجام می شود. لذا این تحقیق بر روی یکی از این استراتژی‌ها تمرکز دارد که عبارت از بام سبز بعنوان بهترین راه برای صرفه‌جویی در انرژی است. هدف تحقیق ارائه نمونه ای از طراحی سقف با استفاده از فناوری بام سبز در یک ساختمان آموزشی در شهر واسط می باشد و ارزیابی رفتار حرارتی این فناوری در بهبود مصرف انرژی است.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه به صورت تحلیلی از طریق برنامه دیزاین بیلدر (Design Builder) برای ارزیابی تأثیر بام سبز بر مصرف انرژی شش نوع گیاه بومی مناسب منتخب برای اقلیم واسط انجام شد. ارتفاع گیاه، شاخص سطح برگ و ارتفاع لایه رشد به‌عنوان متغیرهای پژوهش وجود دارند که از طریق آنها، میزان بهبود مصرف انرژی سالانه اندازه‌گیری می‌شود.
یافته ها: نتایج تحلیل عددی نشان داد که پس از مقایسه گیاهان، بهترین عملکرد حرارتی بام سبز برای دو گیاه با ارتفاع 15 سانتی متر و 20 سانتیمتر با شاخص سطح برگ بالا بود که به ترتیب43/4 و 82/5 بود. بهترین ارتفاع لایه در حال رشد برای بهبود مصرف انرژی به میزان 25 سانتیمتر و 20 سانتیمتر مشخص گردید. صرفه جویی سالانه انرژی به ترتیب به 7/11 و 49/13 رسید.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: بام سبز در اقلیم شهر واسط راه حلی عملی و پایدار برای مصرف انرژی در آب و هوای گرم و خشک است و می توان از مزایای بسیار آن در اقلیم این شهر بهره برد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Iraq has mild winters and hot and dry weather in long summers, that's why cooling has become the most energy-consuming aspect in Iraq, and the amount of energy consumption is increasing. This problem lies in the unwillingness to use the ways of green building, which is done with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy and natural resources. Therefore, this research focuses on one of these strategies, which is the green roof as the best way to save energy. The purpose of the research is to present an example of roof design using green roof technology in an educational building in Wasit city, and to evaluate the thermal behavior of this technology in improving energy consumption.
Material and Methodology: This study was done analytically through the Design Builder program to evaluate the effect of green roof on energy consumption of six types of native plants selected for the climate of Wasit. There are many research variables such as plant height, leaf area index, and growth layer height as research variables, through which the improvement in annual energy consumption is measured.
Findings: The results of the numerical analysis showed that after comparing the plants, the best thermal performance of the green roof was for two plants with a height of 15 cm and 20 cm with a high leaf area index. It was 4.43 and 5.82 respectively. The best height of the growing layer to improve energy consumption was determined to be 25 cm and 20 cm. Annual energy savings reached 11.7 and 13.49 respectively.
Discussion and Conclusion: The green roof in the climate of Wasit city is a practical and sustainable solution for energy consumption in hot and dry weather, and one can take advantage of its many advantages in the climate of the mentioned city.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Malika, F. A. K., & Hashem, A. L. (2020). Experimental Investigation of Green Roof Impact on Buildings Energy in Hot Climate. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 13(2).
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Fathalian, A., & Kargarsharif, H. (2020). Investigating the effect of different energy saving strategies on energy rating of building by design builder software (case study: office building). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(7), 199-214.
Zomorodian, Gholamreza (2014). Comparing the explanatory power of parametric (econometrics) and non-parametric (Monte Carlo) models in measuring the amount of value exposed to the risk of investment companies' portfolios to determine the optimal portfolio in Iran's capital market, Securities Financial Engineering Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 22, April 2014, pp. 113-147. (In Persian)
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Al-Badri, N. R. (2013). Grid electricity demand reduction through applying passive and active strategies for a house in Baghdad, Iraq (Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai (BUiD)).
Malika, F. A. K., & Hashem, A. L. (2020). Experimental Investigation of Green Roof Impact on Buildings Energy in Hot Climate. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 13(2).
Jaffal, I., Ouldboukhitine, S. E., & Belarbi, R. (2012). A comprehensive study of the impact of green roofs on building energy performance. Renewable energy, 43, 157-164.
Zarghami, E., Adibi, E., )2016(. Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roof on Sustainability and Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates of Iran. Sustainable Architecture and urbanism, 4(1), pp.75-90. )In Persian(
Karachaliou, P., Santamouris, M., & Pangalou, H. (2016). Experimental and numerical analysis of the energy performance of a large scale intensive green roof system installed on an office building in Athens. Energy and Buildings, 114, 256-264.
Ziogou, I., Michopoulos, A., Voulgari, V., & Zachariadis, T. (2017). Energy, environmental and economic assessment of electricity savings from the operation of green roofs in urban office buildings of a warm Mediterranean region. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 346-356.
He, Y., Yu, H., Chen, P. and Zhao, M., 2018. Thermal performance evaluation of a new type of green roof system. Energy Procedia, 152, pp.384-389.
Mahmoodzadeh, M., Mukhopadhyaya P., & Valeo, C. (2019). Effects of Extensive Green Roofs on Energy Performance of School Buildings in Four North American Climates, Water, 12(1), 6.
Sadegh, Salim. (2011). The architecture of globalization in Egypt and the absence of concepts of sustainability in design: a case study of administrative buildings in New Cairo. Cairo, Al-Azhar University - Faculty of Engineering. (In Arabic)
Yudelson, J. (2007). Green building A to Z: Understanding the language of green building. New Society Publishers.
Hui, S. C. M. (2007, September). Sustainable building technologies for hot and humid climates. In Invited Paper for the Joint Hong Kong and Hangzhou Seminar for Sustainable Building (pp. 21-23).
Woolley, T., & Kimmins, S. (2003). Green building handbook: Volume 2: A guide to building products and their impact on the environment. Routledge. p5
Edwards, Brain (2005) “Green Building Pay” E & FN Spon, an Imprint of Routledge, London, UK, p.8
Almusaed, A., & Almssad, A. (2006). Biophilic architecture: The concept of healthy sustainable architecture. In PLEA2006-The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September 2006 (pp. 383-387). Universite de Geneve.
Barnett, D.L. and Browning, W.D., (2007). A Primer on Sustainable Architecture. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), Green Development Services, USA.pp.8-9.
Getter, K. L., Rowe, D. B., & Cregg, B. M. (2009). Solar radiation intensity influences extensive green roof plant communities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 8(4), 269-281.
Pledge, E., (2005). Green roofs: ecological design and construction. USA: Schiffer Pub Limited.
Shafique, M., Kim, R., Rafiq, M. (2018). Green roof benefits, opportunities and challenges– A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90(C), 757-773. https://archive.org › mccl_10.1016_j. rser.2018.04.006.
Shirazi, M. M. H., & Mowla, D. (2010). Energy optimization for liquefaction process of natural gas in peak shaving plant. Energy, 35(7), 2878-2885.
Vijayaraghavan, K. (2016). Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 57, 740-752.
Christopher, (2003). Green Roof Specifications and Standards. The Construction Specifier, Volume 65, p. 2.
Peck, S. W., Callaghan, C., Kuhn, M. E., & Bass, B. (1999). Greenbacks from green roofs: forging a new industry in Canada. p. 48.
Doug, B., Hitesh, D., James, L. and Paul, M., (2005). Report on the environmental benefits and costs of green roof technology for the city of Toronto, Ontario centres., pp.36-47.
Cascone, S. (2019). Green roof design: State of the art on technology and materials. Sustainability, 11(11), 3020. p.15.
Chow, M. F., & Bakar, M. A. (2016). A review on the development and challenges of green roof systems in Malaysia. International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 10(1), 16-20.
Gupta, G., Parihar, S. S., Ahirwar, N. K., Snehi, S. K., & Singh, V. (2015). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): current and future prospects for development of sustainable agriculture. J Microb Biochem Technol, 7(2), 096-102.
Townshend, D. (2007). Study on green roof application in Hong Kong–Urbis Limited. Hong Kong.
Berndtsson, J. C. (2010). Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: A review. Ecological engineering, 36(4), 351-360.
Vargas, A. P., & Hamui, L. (2021). Thermal energy performance simulation of a residential building retrofitted with passive design strategies: a case study in Mexico. Sustainability, 13(14), 8064.
Saebisafa, Bahar, Heydari, Sulaimanpour, & Negar (2020). Auditing the amount of energy loss through the external walls of the building and the effect of thermal insulation by simulation in Design Builder software (case example: office building in Tehran). Science and Engineering Elites, 169-179, 24(5). (In Persian)
Fathaliyan, A., & Kargar Sharif Abad. (2020). Investigating the impact of different energy optimization solutions in building energy classification using Design Builder software (case study: office building). Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 22 (7), 199-214. (In Persian)
Fathalian, A., & Kargarsharif, H. (2020). Investigating the effect of different energy saving strategies on energy rating of building by design builder software (case study: office building). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(7), 199-214.
Zomorodian, Gholamreza (2014). Comparing the explanatory power of parametric (econometrics) and non-parametric (Monte Carlo) models in measuring the amount of value exposed to the risk of investment companies' portfolios to determine the optimal portfolio in Iran's capital market, Securities Financial Engineering Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 22, April 2014, pp. 113-147. (In Persian)
Ibarra, D. (2009, semptember, 30). Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Sahab Geographic & Drafting Institute, political and natural map of Iraq,https://sahabmap.com/product/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82
