مدل ارزیابی پارامتریک پایداری محیطی سیستم های ساختمانی با تمرکز بر فاز تولید و تخریب (با رویکرد اندازه‌گیری عددی چرخه عمر به روش LCIA تحت استاندارد ایزو 14042)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستاصغر محمد مرادی 1 , سید باقر حسینی 2 , حمید یزدانی 3
1 - (مسوول مکاتبات): استاد دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: محیط زیست, سیستم ساختمانی, چرخه عمر, ارزیابی محیطی, توسعه پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در دهه اخیر، یکی از مهم ترین دغدغه های زیست محیطی، کنترل آلاینده های حاصل از صنعت ساختمان بوده است. افزایش ساخت و ساز به خصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه امری اجتناب ناپذیر به نظر می رسد. از این رو ساختمان نیز، مانند هر محصول صنعتی دیگر، حاصل مصرف مواد اولیه و انرژی های تجدید پذیر و تجدید ناپذیر بوده و در پایان چرخه عمر، سرنوشتی بغیر از تخریب و یا بازیافت نخواهد داشت. با وجود اینکه توجه غالب تحقیقات صورت گرفته درباره تاثیرات زیست محیطی ساختمان معطوف به فاز بهره برداری بوده است، اما فاز تولید و تخریب ساختمان نیز مقادیر قابل توجهی از میزان مصرف انرژی و تولید آلاینده ها را به خود اختصاص می دهد. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر با مرور فعالیت های صورت گرفته در عرصه تاثیرات محیطی ساختمان، به بررسی روش ها، ابزارها و یافتن معیارهای مناسب در اندازه گیری میزان پایداری محیطی سیستم های ساختمانی با تمرکز بر فاز تولید و تخریب می پردازد. چرا که بنظر می رسد با توجه به فاز تولید و تخریب ساختمان، می توان مقادیر مصرف انرژی و تولید آلاینده های صنعت ساختمان را به شکل قابل توجهی کاهش داد. یافته ها: هدف اصلی این مقاله، یافتن شاخص هایی برای اندازه گیری پارامتریک میزان پایداری محیطی هر سیستم ساختمانی با تاکید بر فاز تولید و تخریب ساختمان است. نتیجه گیری: به این ترتیب در پایان، مدلی با شش پارامتر عددی ارائه می گردد که با اندازه گیری آنها می توان میزان سازگاری هر ساختمان با محیط زیست را با تمرکز بر فاز تولید و تخریب ساختمان تعیین نمود.
Background and Objective: Limitation of undesirable effects of construction industry is one of the most important environmental concerns in recent decades. Expansion of construction activities is an inevitable issue and like any other industrial product, buildings can be considered as a result of raw materials and renewable and non-renewable types of energy use. At the final step of a building life cycle, there is no other way except demolition or recycling. Previous studies in this field have emphasized the building assessment during its use phase. Whereas large aspect of energy usage and pollutants production can be found in construction and demolition phases. Method: Current paper reviewed the researches yet have been done and studied appropriate methods, tools and criterion to assess environmental sustainability of construction systems, especially on production and demolition phases. Results: The main goal of this study is to find a way for parametric assessment of environmental sustainability in construction systems, with emphasis on production and end phase of a building life cycle. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents a six-parameter numerical model that can help to evaluate environmental compatibility of any building by which environmental sustainability of a construction system can be assessed with emphasis on production and end phase of its life cycle.
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