بهکارگیری فناوریهای نوین در کاهش گازهای سوزانده شده در ایران تحلیل هزینه- فایده با لحاظ عوامل زیست محیطی
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیستزینب کسرائی 1 , آمنه حاجی حیدری 2
1 - مدرس رشته اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران. *(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - دکتری اقتصاد، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران.
کلید واژه: گازهای سوزانده شده, میدان گازی پارس جنوبی, تحلیل هزینه- فایده, مکانیزم توسعه پاک, فناوریهای گازی نوین,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: حجم عظیم گازهای سوزانده شده در ایران علاوه بر اتلاف منابع انرژی، موجب از دست رفتن درآمدهای بالقوه حاصل از مصرف بهینه و ایجاد آلایندگی فراوان زیست محیطی شده است. به منظور جلوگیری از سوزانده شدن این گازها، بهکارگیری فناوریهای نوین گازی در ایران بهعنوان سومین کشور جهان از لحاظ میزان گازهای سوزانده شده، ضروری بهنظر میرسد. روش بررسی: در این مقاله با استفاده از تحلیل هزینه- فایده و بهکارگیری نرم افزار کامفار، استفاده از فناوری تبدیل گاز به فرآوردههای مایع برای گازهای سوزانده در پالایشگاههای فازهای به بهرهبرداری رسیده میدان گازی پارس جنوبی مورد ارزیابی فنی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی قرار گرفته است. یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان دهنده توجیه اقتصادی کاربرد این فناوری در ایران با ارزش حال خالص و نرخ بازدهی داخلی قابل ملاحظه بهمنظور کاهش گازهای سوزانده شده است. بحث و نتیجهگیری: از آنجا که در تحلیل هزینه فایده با ملاحظه اثرات زیست محیطی، هزینههای اجتماعی انتشار آلاینده ها و منافع حاصل از کاهش انتشار نیز مورد توجه قرار میگیرد، ارزشگذاری پروژه با در نظر گرفتن این عوامل نیز انجام شده است.
Background and Objective: The large volumes of flared gas in Iran, leads to waste of energy reserves, loss of potential income and significant environmental pollution. In order to avoid gas flaring, the use of new technologies is necessary, in Iran as the world’s third gas flaring country. Method: In this paper, an overview of new gas technologies has been provided and the cost-benefit analysis of utilizing gas to liquids technology has been conducted on flare gas in exploited phases of “South-Pars” gas field refineries using COMFAR III software. Findings: The results show that application of gas to liquids technology in Iran for this purpose is economically justified with high net present value (NPV) and considerable internal rate of return (IRR) as the economic evaluation criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Since environmental effects, social costs of pollutions and benefits of emissions reduction are included in environmental cost-benefit Analysis, valuation of the project has been also done considering the mentioned factors.
1- Ubani, E.C. and Onyejekwe, I.M., 2013. Environmental impact analyses of gas flaring in the Niger delta region of Nigeria, American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol.4, Issue.2, pp. 246-252.
2- www.worldbank.com
3- British Petroleum, 2015. "BP Energy Outlook 2035".
4- Ministry of Energy, 2013. Iran Energy Balance Sheet, Office of planning and Macroeconomics of Electricity and Energy. (In Persian)
5- Purwanto, W., Mulia, K., Saputra, A., 2005. Gas to liquids (GTL) as an option in monetizing stranded gas field. Feasibility Analysis Using Integrated Process Routes, Teknik Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
6- Chedid, R., Kobrosly, M., & Ghajar, R., 2007. The potential of gas-to-liquid technology in the energy market: The case of Qatar. Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 4799-4811.
7- Hatch Associates Consultants, 2011. Gas-to-liquids economic feasibility study, Alaska Gasline Corporation.
8- Ismail, O. and Umukoro, G., 2012. Global Impact of Gas Flaring, Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue.4, pp. 290-302. doi: 10.4236/epe.2012.44039.
9- Khalili Araghi, M., Vatani, A., Kasraei, Z. and Haji Heidari, A., 2008. Economic Evaluation of Producing Gas to Liquids (GTL) Technology Products in Iran, Energy Economis Review Journal, Vol.18, pp 1-34. (In Persian)
10- Salimifar, M. and Hosseini, H., 2012. Economic Evaluation of Stablishing Gas to Liquids (GTL) Plant after Energ Subsidy Reform Plan in Iran, Energy Economis Review Journal, Vol.32, pp 1-24. (In Persian)
11- Khalili Araghi, M., Haji Heidari, A., Kasraei, Z., 2013. Feasibility Study of Liquefied Natural Gas Project for the “South-Pars” gas Field of Iran, Iran Economic Review Journal, Vol.17, Issue. 2, pp 21-33.
12- www.woodmackenzie.com
13- Jamieson. A. and McManus .G, 2007. GTL Production Will Partially Ease Regional Diesel, Naphtha Imbalances, Oil &Gas Journal, vol. 105, pp. 49-53.
14- Energy Information Administration, 2014. “Natural Gas Report”.
15- Energy Information Administration, 2013. “International Energy Outlook”, EIA's International Data, Analyses and Forecasts.
16- International Energy Agency, 2013. Natural Gas Market Review.
17- International Energy Agency (IEA), 2013. World Energy Outlook.
18- OPEC, World Oil Outlook, 2013.
19- Sedighi A. and Rahimi, R., 2008. The Guide for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), First Edition, Institute for International Energy Studies. (In Persian)
20- Valizade, Ilnaz, 2013. Economic Evaluation of Flare Gas Collection, Case Study: kharg NGL Project, Master Dissertation in Economics, University of Tehran, pp 142-145. (In Persian)
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1- Ubani, E.C. and Onyejekwe, I.M., 2013. Environmental impact analyses of gas flaring in the Niger delta region of Nigeria, American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol.4, Issue.2, pp. 246-252.
2- www.worldbank.com
3- British Petroleum, 2015. "BP Energy Outlook 2035".
4- Ministry of Energy, 2013. Iran Energy Balance Sheet, Office of planning and Macroeconomics of Electricity and Energy. (In Persian)
5- Purwanto, W., Mulia, K., Saputra, A., 2005. Gas to liquids (GTL) as an option in monetizing stranded gas field. Feasibility Analysis Using Integrated Process Routes, Teknik Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
6- Chedid, R., Kobrosly, M., & Ghajar, R., 2007. The potential of gas-to-liquid technology in the energy market: The case of Qatar. Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 4799-4811.
7- Hatch Associates Consultants, 2011. Gas-to-liquids economic feasibility study, Alaska Gasline Corporation.
8- Ismail, O. and Umukoro, G., 2012. Global Impact of Gas Flaring, Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue.4, pp. 290-302. doi: 10.4236/epe.2012.44039.
9- Khalili Araghi, M., Vatani, A., Kasraei, Z. and Haji Heidari, A., 2008. Economic Evaluation of Producing Gas to Liquids (GTL) Technology Products in Iran, Energy Economis Review Journal, Vol.18, pp 1-34. (In Persian)
10- Salimifar, M. and Hosseini, H., 2012. Economic Evaluation of Stablishing Gas to Liquids (GTL) Plant after Energ Subsidy Reform Plan in Iran, Energy Economis Review Journal, Vol.32, pp 1-24. (In Persian)
11- Khalili Araghi, M., Haji Heidari, A., Kasraei, Z., 2013. Feasibility Study of Liquefied Natural Gas Project for the “South-Pars” gas Field of Iran, Iran Economic Review Journal, Vol.17, Issue. 2, pp 21-33.
12- www.woodmackenzie.com
13- Jamieson. A. and McManus .G, 2007. GTL Production Will Partially Ease Regional Diesel, Naphtha Imbalances, Oil &Gas Journal, vol. 105, pp. 49-53.
14- Energy Information Administration, 2014. “Natural Gas Report”.
15- Energy Information Administration, 2013. “International Energy Outlook”, EIA's International Data, Analyses and Forecasts.
16- International Energy Agency, 2013. Natural Gas Market Review.
17- International Energy Agency (IEA), 2013. World Energy Outlook.
18- OPEC, World Oil Outlook, 2013.
19- Sedighi A. and Rahimi, R., 2008. The Guide for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), First Edition, Institute for International Energy Studies. (In Persian)
20- Valizade, Ilnaz, 2013. Economic Evaluation of Flare Gas Collection, Case Study: kharg NGL Project, Master Dissertation in Economics, University of Tehran, pp 142-145. (In Persian)