ارزیابی اثرات محیط‌زیستی توسعه در شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز با به‌کارگیری مدل تخریب
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
سحر حیدری مستعلی
1
,
بهمن جباریان امیری
2
,
افشین علیزاده شعبانی
3
1 - دکتری محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/23
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/02/01
کلید واژه:
ارزیابی اثرات توسعه,
مدل تخریب,
آسیب‌پذیری اکولوژیک,
شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: مدل تخریب از جمله روش های ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی است که اثرات فعالیت های انسانی را به صورت کمی بیان می کند. هدف از به کارگیری این مدل، شناسایی عوامل تخریب و درجه آسیب پذیری بوم سازگان ها به منظور پیش گیری از تخریب آتی توسط پروژه های دیگر و نشان دادن امکان توسعه در آینده، به تصمیم گیرندگان است. روش بررسی: نخست محدوده شهرستان به 94 شبکه کاری 1600 هکتاری تقسیم و با استفاده از نقشه کاربری سرزمین، مشاهدات میدانی و نظرات کارشناسی، تعداد 14 عامل تخریب شناسایی و شدت آن ها تعیین شد. سپس، آسیب پذیری اکولوژیک و تراکم فیزیولوژیک محاسبه و پس از آن با استفاده از رابطه تخریب، ضرایب تخریب به دست آمد. درنهایت کلیه شبکه ها بر اساس نظریه فازی به 4 پهنه با توانایی توسعه بیش تر، نیازمند بازسازی، نیازمند حفاظت و غیر قابل توسعه تقسیم شدند. یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج نهایی از مجموع 94 شبکه، 22 شبکه که معادل 40/23 درصد مساحت شهرستان است، نیازمند بازسازی، 37 شبکه که معادل 36/39 درصد مساحت شهرستان است، غیر قابل توسعه و 35 شبکه نیز که 22/37 درصد مساحت شهرستان را به خود اختصاص می دهد، مستعد توسعه هستند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: اثرات فعالیت های مخرب (که عمدتا اثرات مخرب ناشی از فعالیت های گردش گری) در منطقه بارز بوده به طوری که فعالیت های مخربی نظیر تغییر کاربری از یک سو و از سوی دیگر زباله ریزی و آلودگی رودخانه ها به منطقه از عوامل اصلی تخریبند. از مجموع 94 شبکه، 21 شبکه به دلیل وجود گسل ها و 16 شبکه به دلیل قرار گرفتن در محدوده منطقه حفاظت شده بینالود، غیر قابل توسعه می باشند. 35 شبکه دارای اولویت های اول تا سوم توسعه هستندکه دارای تراکم فیزیولوژیک پایین بوده و 22 شبکه نیز به دلیل تراکم فیزیولوژیک بالا و شدت زیاد عوامل مخرب، دارای ضرایب تخریب بالا بوده و نیازمند بازسازی هستند؛ لذا باید از هرگونه توسعه بدون برنامه ریزی در آینده در این قسمت ها، خودداری شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibility degree in ecosystems in order to prevent further destruction by other projects and to show the feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: The study area was firstly partitioned into 94 cells (1600 ha) and then 14 degradation factors along with their intensity were identified using land use map, field observations and expert views. Ecological susceptibility and physiological density were then determined and all cells were classified into four categories as recommended for development, required for reconstruction, required for protection and cells with no development potential based on fuzzy theory. Findings: The results show that 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) out of 94 cells require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities in this region (that is mainly due to the detrimental effects of tourism activities) were evident, so that the destructive activities such as change in land use and land cover, on the one hand, and waste and rivers pollution, on the other hand, were found as the main causes of destruction in the region. Out of 94 cells, 21 cells and 16 cells had no development potential due to faults and due to being in Binalood protected area respectively. 35 cells are recommended for development in first to third priorities; these cells are in low physiological density area. 22 cells, due to high physiological density and severity of the destructive agents, have a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore should be excluded from any future development.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Chamani, A. Makhdoum, M. Khorasani, N. Jafari, M. and Cheraghchi, M. 2005. Environmental impact assessment of development on the environment of Hamedan province using the degradation model, ecology, No. 37, pp. 35-44 (In Persian).
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Makhdoum, M. and Mansouri, M. 1999. Investigating and Understanding the Developmental Effects on the Environment of Hormozgan Province Using the degradation Model, Journal of Environmental Studies. No. 23, pp. 57-49 (In Persian).
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Alizadeh, K. 2003. The Impact of Tourists' Presence on Environmental Resources (Case: Torqabeh Section in Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Research, No. 44, pp. 70-55 (In Persian).
Diamantis, D and Ladkin, A. 1999. The links between sustainable tourism and ecotourism: a definition and operational perspective. Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.10, No. 2, PP. 35-46.
Connell, J. Page. S. and Bentley, T. 2009. Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act. Journal of Tourism management, Vol. 30, PP. 867-877.
Ghaffari, R. 2007. Tourism and Sustainable Urban Development, Sepehr Quarterly 63, pp. 34-29 (In Persian).
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Makhdoum, M. 2007. Foundation of Land Evaluation, Seventh Edition, Tehran University Press. (In Persian).
Golusin, M. Munitlak Ivanovic, O. and Teodorovic, N. 2011. The review of the achieved degree of sustainable development in South Eastern Europe-The use of linear regression method, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, No. 15, pp. 766-772.
Bruhn-Tysk, S. Eklund, M. 2002. Environmental impact assessment: a tool for sustainable development? a case study of biofuelled energy plants in Sweden, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 22, pp. 129-144.
Jay, S. jones, C. Slinn, P and Wood, CH. 2007. Environmental impact assessment: Retrospect and prospect, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 27, pp. 287-300.
Momtaz, S. 2002. Environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh: A critical review. Environmental Impact Assessment, No. 22, pp. 163-179.
Cashmore, M. 2004.The role of science in environmental impact assessment: process and procedure versus purpose in the development of theory. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 24, pp.403- 426.
Appiah-Opoku, S. 2001.Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: the case of Ghana. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 21, pp. 59- 71.
Wood, CH. 2003. Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: an overview, Conference on new directions in impact assessment for development: methods and practice, pp. 1-28.
Dabiri, F. and Kiani, M. 2007. Investigation of Preventive Laws and Regulations, including Environmental Impact Assessment in Iran and several Industrial Countries, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, No. 4, pp 109-95 (In Persian).
World Bank, 1997. World Development Report 1997: the State in a Changing World, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Chamani, A. Makhdoum, M. Khorasani, N. Jafari, M. and Cheraghchi, M. 2005. Environmental impact assessment of development on the environment of Hamedan province using the degradation model, ecology, No. 37, pp. 35-44 (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998. Environmental Impact Assessment of Amir Kabir Hydroelectric Dam on the Environment Using the Environmental Degradation Model, Iranian Journal of Energy, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 17-27 (In Persian).
Yaali, N. soltani, A. Jafari, A. Mafi Gholami, D. and Mahmoudi, M. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Oshtrankouh Protected Area Using the degradation Model, Journal of Environmental Research, No. 1,Pages 22-13 (In Persian).
Yazidian, F. Faghih Nassiri, L. and Kiapasha, Kh. 2012. Investigating the Environmental Impact of Tourism on Nakhabrud Forest Using the degradation Model, Journal of Forest, No. 2, pp. 121-113 (In Persian).
Jahani, M. and Noie, F. 2007. Investigating the Factors Affecting Urban-Migration Villages of Torqabeh, Journal of Geosciences, Nos. 7 and 8, pp. 141-124 (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998. Introduction an Objective Oriented Method for Ecological Ecological Vulnerability, Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 21 & 22, pp. 68-57 (In Persian).
Makhdoum, M. and Mansouri, M. 1999. Investigating and Understanding the Developmental Effects on the Environment of Hormozgan Province Using the degradation Model, Journal of Environmental Studies. No. 23, pp. 57-49 (In Persian).
Jafari, H. 2001. Systematic Application of the degradation Model in Assessing the Developmental Effects on the Latian Dam Watering Basin, Ecology, 2007, No. 27: 110-120 (In Persian).
Safaiyan, N. Shokri, M. and Jabbarian Amiri, B. 2002. Determination of ecological vulnerability in southern ecosystems of the Caspian Sea, ecology, No. 29, Pages 50-45 (In Persian).
Saeidi, A. and Sultani, R. 2007. The Role of Second Homes in Tourism and Capital Flows in Rural Areas (Case: Binalood District, Khorasan Razavi), Geography Magazine, No. 36, pp. 53-33 (In Persian).
Azadi, A. Javan Dolloie, Gh. Hafezi Moghaddas, N. and Hesami Azar, Kh. 2009. Geological, geotechnical and geophysical characteristics of Toos fault in northern Mashhad, Journal of Earth and Space Physics, No. 4, pp. 34-17 (In Persian).
Ghannadan, A. Almasian, M. Ghaemi F. and Naderi, N. 2009. Structural Analysis of the Southern Region of Mashhad with a Special Attitude to the Stone Footage System - Shandiz, Quarterly Journal of Earth 1, Pages 106-97 (In Persian).
.Behniafar, A. and Mansouri Daneshvar, M. 2009. Zoning the Risk Assessment of Landslides in the Northwest Slopes of the Binalood Zone (Case Study: Shandiz Mountains in the Northwest of Mashhad), Geographic Outlook Quarterly, No. 5, pp. 45-23 (In Persian).
Alizadeh, K. 2003. The Impact of Tourists' Presence on Environmental Resources (Case: Torqabeh Section in Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Research, No. 44, pp. 70-55 (In Persian).
Diamantis, D and Ladkin, A. 1999. The links between sustainable tourism and ecotourism: a definition and operational perspective. Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.10, No. 2, PP. 35-46.
Connell, J. Page. S. and Bentley, T. 2009. Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act. Journal of Tourism management, Vol. 30, PP. 867-877.
Ghaffari, R. 2007. Tourism and Sustainable Urban Development, Sepehr Quarterly 63, pp. 34-29 (In Persian).
