بررسی تولید کمپوست از زباله شهری با استفاده از بیوراکتور بستر جامد (مطالعه موردی: آمل)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست
محمد حسین حیدرزاده
1
(کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی – دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل)
حسین امانی
2
(استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی- دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل *(مسوول مکاتبات))
بهزاد جوادیان
3
(مربی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی آمل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران)
حسن کریمی نژاد
4
(استاد یار، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل)
مجتبی نوایی
5
(مدیر عامل، شرکت صنعتی خزر الکتریک، آمل)
کلید واژه: بیوراکتور, خردکن, زباله جامد شهری, کمپوست, نسبت کربن به نیتروژن,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده زمینه و هدف: به خاطر حجم بالای تولید زباله در شهر آمل و نزدیکی این شهر به دریا و جنگل، نیاز به مدیریت صحیح زباله‌های شهری به‌منظور ممانعت از آلودگی محیط‌زیست بیش‌ازپیش احساس می‌شود. از سوی دیگر با توجه به این‌که مواد آلی فسادپذیر حدود 80 درصد زباله‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده این شهر را تشکیل می‌دهند، بنابراین ارایه راه‌کاری جدید جهت تولید کمپوست از زباله‌های شهری و مقایسه کیفیت محصول بر طبق استانداردهای سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران از اهداف این مقاله می‌باشد. روش بررسی: در این مقاله، تولید کمپوست در شرایط بسته و کنترل‌شده گل‌خانه‌ای به‌عنوان یک روش نوین به همراه طراحی و ساخت یک دستگاه خردکن زباله و یک رآکتور بستر جامد هوادهی شونده نوین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این رآکتور عمل هوادهی و هم زدن توده با کنترل دقیق قابل انجام است و می‌توان از این رآکتور در مقیاس‌های بزرگ استفاده نمود. هم‌چنین در حین تولید، پارامترهایی مانند دما،pH ، میزان کربن، میزان نیتروژن و نیز میزان خاکستر اندازه‌گیری شد. برای نمونه‌گیری‌ها نیز از روش نمونه‌گیری مرکب استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد تولید کمپوست حاصل از این تحقیق در مدت‌زمان 25 روز به دست آمد که کم‌تر از فرآیندهای رایج مشابه می‌باشد. در این بررسی، نسبت کربن به نیتروژن محصول نهایی 89/19،pH 29/7 و میزان هدایت الکتریکیdS/m 7/7 به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد کمپوست حاصل از این تحقیق دارای مشخصات کمپوست درجه‌یک مورد تایید سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران می‌باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، می‌توان روش پیشنهادی حاصل از این تحقیق را برای تولید کمپوست مرغوب تجاری از زباله‌های شهری پیشنهاد داد.
Background and Objective: Due to the large volume of waste produced in Amol and the proximity of the city to the sea and the forest, a proper waste management is urgent necessaryto prevent environmental pollution. On the other hand, organic waste occupies more than 80% of the Amol municipal solid waste. Therefore, a new method for compost production from municipal solid waste and a suitable quality comparison of the produced compost with Iranian National Standards Organization are aims of this study. Method: In this paper, compost production at a greenhouse closed and controlled condition as a novel method using of homemade designed crusher was studied. In this work also a new design of solid state bioreactor was used. In this reactor, aeration and stirring were carefully controlled; therefore, this reactor can be used in a large scale. Also parameters such as temperature, pH, C/N and ash were measured during the compost production. Findings: The results showed that the production of compost from this study obtained during 25 days that is less than the current processes. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen of the final product, pH and the electrical conductivity were 19.89, 7.29 and 7.7 dS/m, respectively. Also, results showed that the produced compost parameters are in agreement with first class compost based on the Iranian National Standards Organization. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, the method of this research can be proposed in high scale and high quality compost production from municipal waste.
- Razikordmahalleh, L.,2014.Production of compost with useful microorganisms from sugar cane Bagasse enriched with rock Phosphate, Urea and Sulphur, Journal of Environmental Research and Management, Vol.7, pp.119-124
- Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, ISIRI 10716, Compost-Physical and chemical specification, 1st Edition.
- Gamble S.,2013.Technical Document on Municipal Solid Waste Organics Processing, Environment Canada publication
- Kulikowska D., Gusiatin Z., 2015. Sewage sludge composting in a two-stage system: Carbon and nitrogen transformations and potential ecological risk assessment, Waste Management,Vol 38 ,pp. 312-320
- Cabeza I., López R., Ruiz M., Montoya M., Díaz G., 2013.optimization, Journal of Environmental Management,Vol.128 , pp. 266-273
- Statistical Centre of Iran, 2006
- Amol Waste Management Organization, Amol waste management master plan, 2007
- Karbasi A., Baghvand A., 2007. Us of biogas energy from urban waste as alternative fuel, 3 rd National Conference on Waste Management, Tehran.(In Persian)
- Hubbe M., Nazhad M., Sanchez C.,2013.Composting as a way to convert Cellulosic biomass and organic waste into high-value soil amendments, Bioresource,Vol 5 ,pp. 2080-2854.
- Wei Z., Xi B., Zhao Y.,Wang S., Liu H., Jiang Y.,2007.Effect of inoculating microbes in municipal solid waste composting on characteristics of humic acid,Chemosphere,Vol.68 ,pp.368–374
- Dehghani R., Charkhloo E., Mostafaii GH., Asadi M., Mousavi G., Saffari, M.,2012.A study on the variations of temperature, moisture, pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio in producing compost by stack method, Feyz, Vol.15 ,pp. 359-65.
- Hosseini, S.M. and Aziz, H.A., 2013. Evaluation of thermochemical pretreatment and continuous thermophilic condition in rice straw composting process enhancement. Bioresource technology, 133, pp.240-247.
- Kumar, M., Ou, Y.L. and Lin, J.G., 2010. Co-composting of green waste and food waste at low C/N ratio. Waste Management, 30(4), pp.602-609.
- Cabeza, I.O., López, R., Ruiz-Montoya, M. and Díaz, M.J., 2013. Maximising municipal solid waste–Legume trimming residue mixture degradation in composting by control parameters optimization. Journal of environmental management, 128, pp.266-273.
- Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, ISIRI 13320, Compost-Sampling and Physycal and chemical Test Methods, 1st Edition .
- Adam R., MacLean F., Dixon J., Bennett F., Martin G., Lough R.,1951.The utilization of organic wastes in N.Z.: Second interim report of the inter-departmental committee. New Zealand Engineering,pp. 396-424
- Karnchanawong, S. and Nissaikla, S., 2014. Effects of microbial inoculation on composting of household organic waste using passive aeration bin. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 3(4), pp.113-119.
- Kumar, M., Ou, Y.L. and Lin, J.G., 2010. Co-composting of green waste and food waste at low C/N ratio. Waste Management, 30(4), pp.602-609.
- Benjawan, L., Sihawong, S., Chayaprasert, W. and Liamlaem, W., 2015. Composting of biodegradable organic waste from Thai household in a semi-continuous composter. Compost Science & Utilization, 23(1), pp.11-17.
- Awasthi, M.K., Pandey, A.K., Khan, J., Bundela, P.S., Wong, J.W. and Selvam, A., 2014. Evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for organic municipal solid waste composting. Bioresource technology, 168, pp.214-221.
- Fourti, O., 2013. The maturity tests during the composting of municipal solid wastes. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 72, pp.43-49.
- Abedini T., Najafi J., Adenenia A., Javid N.,2009. Investigation of the process of compost production at the Mashhad Composting Plant, the first congress of fertilizer challenges in Iran, Tehran.(In Persian)
_||_
- Razikordmahalleh, L.,2014.Production of compost with useful microorganisms from sugar cane Bagasse enriched with rock Phosphate, Urea and Sulphur, Journal of Environmental Research and Management, Vol.7, pp.119-124
- Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, ISIRI 10716, Compost-Physical and chemical specification, 1st Edition.
- Gamble S.,2013.Technical Document on Municipal Solid Waste Organics Processing, Environment Canada publication
- Kulikowska D., Gusiatin Z., 2015. Sewage sludge composting in a two-stage system: Carbon and nitrogen transformations and potential ecological risk assessment, Waste Management,Vol 38 ,pp. 312-320
- Cabeza I., López R., Ruiz M., Montoya M., Díaz G., 2013.optimization, Journal of Environmental Management,Vol.128 , pp. 266-273
- Statistical Centre of Iran, 2006
- Amol Waste Management Organization, Amol waste management master plan, 2007
- Karbasi A., Baghvand A., 2007. Us of biogas energy from urban waste as alternative fuel, 3 rd National Conference on Waste Management, Tehran.(In Persian)
- Hubbe M., Nazhad M., Sanchez C.,2013.Composting as a way to convert Cellulosic biomass and organic waste into high-value soil amendments, Bioresource,Vol 5 ,pp. 2080-2854.
- Wei Z., Xi B., Zhao Y.,Wang S., Liu H., Jiang Y.,2007.Effect of inoculating microbes in municipal solid waste composting on characteristics of humic acid,Chemosphere,Vol.68 ,pp.368–374
- Dehghani R., Charkhloo E., Mostafaii GH., Asadi M., Mousavi G., Saffari, M.,2012.A study on the variations of temperature, moisture, pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio in producing compost by stack method, Feyz, Vol.15 ,pp. 359-65.
- Hosseini, S.M. and Aziz, H.A., 2013. Evaluation of thermochemical pretreatment and continuous thermophilic condition in rice straw composting process enhancement. Bioresource technology, 133, pp.240-247.
- Kumar, M., Ou, Y.L. and Lin, J.G., 2010. Co-composting of green waste and food waste at low C/N ratio. Waste Management, 30(4), pp.602-609.
- Cabeza, I.O., López, R., Ruiz-Montoya, M. and Díaz, M.J., 2013. Maximising municipal solid waste–Legume trimming residue mixture degradation in composting by control parameters optimization. Journal of environmental management, 128, pp.266-273.
- Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, ISIRI 13320, Compost-Sampling and Physycal and chemical Test Methods, 1st Edition .
- Adam R., MacLean F., Dixon J., Bennett F., Martin G., Lough R.,1951.The utilization of organic wastes in N.Z.: Second interim report of the inter-departmental committee. New Zealand Engineering,pp. 396-424
- Karnchanawong, S. and Nissaikla, S., 2014. Effects of microbial inoculation on composting of household organic waste using passive aeration bin. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 3(4), pp.113-119.
- Kumar, M., Ou, Y.L. and Lin, J.G., 2010. Co-composting of green waste and food waste at low C/N ratio. Waste Management, 30(4), pp.602-609.
- Benjawan, L., Sihawong, S., Chayaprasert, W. and Liamlaem, W., 2015. Composting of biodegradable organic waste from Thai household in a semi-continuous composter. Compost Science & Utilization, 23(1), pp.11-17.
- Awasthi, M.K., Pandey, A.K., Khan, J., Bundela, P.S., Wong, J.W. and Selvam, A., 2014. Evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for organic municipal solid waste composting. Bioresource technology, 168, pp.214-221.
- Fourti, O., 2013. The maturity tests during the composting of municipal solid wastes. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 72, pp.43-49.
- Abedini T., Najafi J., Adenenia A., Javid N.,2009. Investigation of the process of compost production at the Mashhad Composting Plant, the first congress of fertilizer challenges in Iran, Tehran.(In Persian)
