بررسی تأثیر مقادیر مختلف خاک اره بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی کمپوست حاصل از پسماند شهری

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

جواد یوسفی ¹ , حبیب اله یونسی ²

1 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه ولایت
2 - عضو هیأت علمی گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس*(مسوول مکاتبات)

تاریخ دریافت : 1389/07/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1389/12/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/10/01

کلید واژه: پسماند شهری, خاک اره, کمپوست‌سازی, کیفیت, زاهدان,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده زمینه و هدف: کمپوست سازی یکی از مناسب ترین روش های دفع پسماندهای شهری محسوب می شود، بنابراین تلاش برای بهبود فرایند آن و تولید محصولات با کیفیت بالا ضروری است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر افزودن خاک اره بر فرایند کمپوست سازی پسماند شهری و نیز برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی کمپوست شامل درجه حرارت، pH، EC، غلظت فلزات سنگین و محتوای عناصر غذایی می باشد. روش بررسی: 4 توده پسماند تهیه و مقادیر 0، 16 ، 32 و 70 درصد خاک اره به آن ها افزوده شد. درجه حرارت توده ها به صورت روزانه ثبت گردید، میزان pH و EC به صورت هفتگی و غلظت فلزات سنگین و عناصر غذایی در محصول نهایی اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: توده بدون خاک اره نوسانات زیادی در درجه حرارت ترموفیلیک نشان داد و کاهش تدریجی درجه حرارت از روز 33 آغاز شد. در حالی که در تیمارهای 16 و 32% از روز 18 کاهش تدریجی درجه حرارت آغاز گردید. pH کلیه توده ها تا روز 21 افزایش و سپس تا پایان فرایند کاهش ناچیز نشان داد. pH محصول نهایی در تیمار 0% با میزان 1/8 بیشترین و در تیمار 70% با میزان 73/7 کمترین بوده است. میزان EC نیز در کلیه تیمارها طی فرایند به میزان ناچیز افزایش یافت و تیمارهای دارای خاک اره میزان EC کمتری را در محصول نهایی نشان دادند به گونه ای که تیمار 0% با میزان 884/4 بیشترین و 32% با میزان 235/4 کمترین EC را دارا بودند. غلظت کلیه فلزات سنگین و عناصر غذایی به جز سدیم و پتاسیم با افزودن خاک اره کاهش یافت که دلیل این کاهش اثر رقیق سازی خاک اره به دلیل محتوای کم فلزات بوده است. غلظت سدیم با افزودن خاک اره افزایش نشان داد که دلیل آن غلظت بالای سدیم در خاک اره و آب مورد استفاده جهت آبیاری می باشد. نتیجه گیری: افزودن خاک اره به توده کمپوست سبب کنترل نوسانات درجه حرارت توده و حفظ درجه حرارت ترموفیلیک در مرحله فعال کمپوست سازی می گردد. هم چنین سبب بهبود کیفیت کمپوست جهت استفاده در کشاورزی ، کاهش غلظت فلزات سنگین و در نتیجه کاهش اثرات منفی آن بر سلامتی می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: Composting is one of the best methods for solid wastes disposal, therefore, some efforts seem tobe essential for improving its process and its products quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectof sawdust admixture on composting process of municipal waste and some physicochemical parameters ofcompost such as temperature, pH, EC, heavy metals concentration and nutrient content.Methods: 4 piles were prepared and different amounts of sawdust were added (0, 16, 32 and 70%). Every daythe temperature was measured within each pile; pH and EC were measured weekly; and heavy metals andnutrient content were measured in final products.Results: The pile without sawdust showed fluctuation in thermophilic temperature, and the gradual decrease intemperature was started on day 33, whereas this decrease was started on day 18 for 16 and 32% treatments. ThepH value was shown to increase on day 21 and then slightly decreased to end of process. The pH value in finalproduct was maximum in 0% treatment (8.1) and it was minimum in 70% treatment (7.73). The EC valueshowed a slight increase in all treatments during the composting process. Treatments with sawdust showed a lowEC value in final products. 0% treatment gave a maximum amount (4.884) of EC and 32% treatment gave aminimum amount (4.235) of EC. The concentration of heavy metals and nutrients, except for Na and K,decreased with sawdust admixture. This was due to dilution effect of sawdust because of low metal content. Naconcentration increased with sawdust admixture due to high content of Na in sawdust and used water.Conclusion: Temperature fluctuation was controlled in composting piles and thermophilic temperature waspreserved in active composting phase with sawdust admixture. Also compost quality was improved and heavymetals content decreased; therefore, the negative effects of compost on human health decreased with addition ofsawdust

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