سازگاری برخی از عصاره‌های گیاهی و آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی با قارچ بیمارگر حشرات، Beauveria bassiana
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
نسیم عمرانی
1
(
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاه پزشکی واحد تبریز دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
)
منیژه جمشیدی
2
(
استادیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
سویل نعمت الهی
3
(
استادیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/04/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/09/23
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01
کلید واژه:
آفت‌کش,
عصاره‌ی متانولی,
بازدارندگی,
بیمارگر حشرات,
عصاره‌ی استونی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: سازگاری عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک با آفت کش های مورد استفاده از اهمیت بالایی در برنامه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات برخوردار است. قارچ Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill یکی از بیمارگرهای حشرات است. زنده مانی میسیلیوم ها ممکن است در اثر آفت کش های شیمیایی تغییر کند. در این پژوهش سازگاری عصاره های گیاهی بومادران،Achillea millefolium L. ، و پونه،Memtha pulegium L.، و آفت کش های فیپرونیل، فوزالون، گوگرد و بنومیل با B. bassiana مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
روش بررسی: آزمایش در سال 1397 و در آزمایشگاه حشره شناسی دانشگاه آزاد تبریز در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با بررسی اثر غلظت های عصاره و آفت کش ها در مقادیر 250، 500، 750 و 1000 میکرولیتر بر لیتر محیط کشت روی پارامتر رشد میسیلیوم قارچ انجام شد. گیاهان مورد استفاده با استفاده از حلال متانول و استون عصاره گیری شد. محیط عاری از ترکیبات تیماری به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته ها: در غلظت 250 و 500 میکرولیتر بر لیتر، بنومیل بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی در رشد رویشی میسیلیوم داشت. در غلظت 750 میکرولیتر بر لیتر درصد بازدارندگی رشد میسیلیوم به صورت عصاره ی بومادران< عصاره پونه< سولفور و فیپرونیل< فوزالون و بنومیل بود. در غلظت 1000 میکرولیتر بر لیتر آفت کش ها بیشترین بازدارندگی اثر را بر رشد رویشی داشتند. در هر دو گیاه بومادران و پونه رشد میسیلیوم قارچ در محیط کشت حاوی عصاره ی متانولی و استونی فاقد اختلاف معنی دار بود.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج عصاره های پونه˓ بومادران و فیبرونیل در غلظت های پایین ترکیبات انتخابی برایB. bassiana بودند. به نظر می رسد استفاده از این ترکیبات در غلظت مشخص در تحقیق اخیر در تلفیق با قارچ بیمارگر در برنامه های مدیریتی مناسب تر باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background & Objective: The compatability of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in integrated pest management programs. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vull is one of the entomopathogenics fungus. The fungal vegetative growth might change due to chemical pesticides that are used for protect of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of Achillea millefolium L. and Metha pulegium extracts with fipronil, phosalone, sulfur and benomyl pesticides with B. bassiana.
Material and Methodology: The experiment was done based on a complete randomized design at Tabriz Azad University Iran, during 2018. PDA fungal cultivation medium was amended with plant extracts and chemical pesticides at concentrations of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µl/l and the fungal vegetative growth was evaluated. Extraction was done by using acetone and methanol as solvents. Medium without pesticide and extract was used as control treatment.
Findings: The highest inhibition in fungal mycelium development was observed in 250 and 500 µl/l of benomyl. Inhibition in fungal mycelium development in 750 µl/l was as follows: phosalone and benomyl > sulfur and fipronil >M. pulegium > A. millefolium extract. In 1000 µl/l pesticides had the highest inhibition in its development. The fungal vegetative growth showed that no significant difference between the acetonic and methanolic extracts of A. millefolium and M. pulegium.
Discussion and conclusion: The results showed that extracts of A. millefolium, M. pulegium and fipronil in low concentration were compatible whit B. bassiana and it seemed that using of them with the defined concentration along the Entomopathogenic fungi could be propper in management integrated program.
منابع و مأخذ:
M. Pourian. H. R. Alizadeh. M. 2019. Bio-efficacy of the indigenous entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana in conjunction with desiccant dust to control of coleopteran stored product pests. Journal of invertebrate pathology, Vol.168, pp.107-117.
G. Athanassiou Nickolas. G. Kavallieratos Christos. I. Rumbos, Demetrius. C. .2017. Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Insecticidal Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae against Larvae of Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) on Wheat. Journal of Insect Science, Vol. 17(1), pp.1-7.
Nakhaie Bahrami. M. Mikani. A. Moharramipour, S. 2018. Effect of Achillea mille-folium and Teucrium polium extracts on nutritional indices and α-amylase and protease activities of Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Crop Protection, 7, pp. 183-190.
Chandler, D. 2017. Basic and applied research on entomopathogenic fungi. pp. 69-89 in Lacey, L. A. (Ed) Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Elsevier Inc. UK. 461 pp.
N. 2018. Molecular interactions between entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales) and their insect host: perspectives from stressful cuticle and hemolymph battlefields and the potential of dual RNA sequencing for future studies. Fungal Biology, Vol. 122, pp. 538-545.
M.A. Ahmad. W. 2015. The Management of Spodopteran Pests using Fungal Pathogens, Sree, K.S.,Varma, A, Eds., Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests, Use of Soil Microbes and their Metabolites. Soil Biology, Springer. Vol. 43, pp. 123-160.
Lacey, L. A. 2017. Entomopathogens used as microbial control agents. pp. 3-12 in Lacey, A. (Ed) Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Elsevier Inc. 461 pp.
P.M. Irungu. L.W. Ndegwa. P.N. Maniania. N.K. 2011. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, Vol.48, pp. 37-40.
S. 2010. Spore density and viability of entomopathogenic fungal isolates from Indonesia, and their virulence against Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Tropical Life Science Research, Vol. 21(1), pp. 11-19.
M. S. Alan. R. L. 2016. Improved mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite by fungi, when amended with cuticle-degrading enzymes or eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors." Folia microbiologica, Vol. 61(1), pp. 73-83.
S.P. Ramos. M. E. Avery. P. B. Jaronski. S.T. Vandenberg. J.D. 2010. Comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates against lepidopteran pests of vegetable crops. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,Vol. 103, pp. 186-199.
S. Vadnere. G. P. Sharma. V. K. Usman. M. R. 2017. Marrubium vulgare L.: A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Journal of Intercultural Eth-nopharmacology, Vol. 6, pp. 429-452.
M. Tongma. S. 2007. Effect of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) on non-target insects. Current Applied Science and Technology,Vol. 7, pp. 8-12.
Miresmailli. Isman. M. B. 2006. Efficacy and persistence of rosemary oil as anacaricide against two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhousetomato. Journal of Economic Entomology,Vol. 99, pp. 2015-2023.
Mahin Allahverdizade. N. Mohammadi. D. 2016. Bioactivity of Marrubium vulgare and Achillea millefolium leaf extracts on potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 1, pp.114-122.
Ying, S. H. Feng. M. G. Xu. S. T. 2003. Field efficacy of emulsifiable suspensions of Beauveria bassiana conidia for control of Mysus persicae population on cabbage. China Journal Applied Entomology, vol. 14, pp. 545-548.
M.A. Alizadeh. A. Eizadi. H. 2010. Effect of some Plant Extracts and Pesticides on Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana under Laboratory Conditions. Plant Protection Sdince, Vol. 41(2), pp. 327-336.
M. 2022. Comparative effects of two tomato extract on Bracon hebetor Say. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, Spring and Summer 2022, Vol.6 (1), pp. 1-15. (In Persian)
R.S. Cooper. R.M. Charnley. A.K. 1991. Characterization of chitinase and chitobiase produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 58(3), pp.415-426.
A. Jirakkakul. J. Panyasiri. C. Panyarakkit. P. Nounurai. P. Chantasingh. D. Eurwilaichitr. L. Cheevadhanarak. S. Tanticharoen. M. 2013. Infection and colonization of tissues of the aphid Myzus persicae and cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti by the fungus Beauveria bassiana. BioControl, Vol. 58(3), pp.379-391.
A. R. Carolino. A. T. Paula. C. O. Samuels. R. I. 2011. The combination of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with the insecticide imidacloprid increases virulence against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites and Vector. Vol. 4, pp. 1-8.
N. P. S. Cruz. S. R. Chávez, L. A. C. Alvarado. M. I. E. az, J. O..Mata, M. A. L.. Sánchez. C. L. D. T. J. Zavala. F. A. RíosE. M. 2015. Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tomatine, and Tomatidine Contents and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Tomato Plant. International Journal of Analytical Chemistery, Vol. 20, pp. 314-321.
I. Carrillo. J. Garvey. M. Ode. P. J. 2016. Indirect plant-parasitoid interactions mediated by changes in herbivore physiology. Insect Sci, Vol. 14, pp. 112–119.
N. Hatami. B. Ebadi. R. Akhavan. A. 2010. Effect of imidacloprid on the germination of conidia and mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium under laboratory conditions. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, Vol.78(1), pp.113-117. (In Persian)
C. H. Mishra. A.K. Tan. R. X. Tange. C. Yang. H. Shen. Y.F. 2006. Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum Camphora and their effect on Seed germination of Wheat and broad bean. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp.1969-1973.
M.B. Machial. C.M. 2006. Pesticides based on plant essential oils: From traditional practice to commercialization. In Rai M, Carpinella MC (eds.), Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds, Elsevier, BV., Pp. 29–44.
S. 2020. Insect Pest Management in Stored Products. Outlooks Pest Manag, vol.31, pp.24–35.
M. Salari. M. Bahraminejad. S. Panjekeh. N. Abassi. S. 2008. Antifungal activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zelanicum) crude extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, pp. 255-26.
M. 2008. Effect of some Plant Extracts on Beauveria bassiana in control of Anagasta kuehniella L under Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Plant Protection, Vol. 52, pp. 126-137. (In Persian)
A. Sokmen. M. Daferera. 2004. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extraxts OA Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Astraceae). Phytother Res, Vol.18(6), pp. 451-6.
K. Shoar. M.G. Shabatkhori. M. Khorshivand. Z. 2011. Antifungal activity of alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, Vol. 5(23), pp.55-64.
P. M. O. J. Hirose. E. Tchujo. P. T. Alcides Monio. A. Jr. 2001. Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi with neonicotinoid insecticides. Neotropical Entomology, Vol. 30(2), pp. 263-268.
S. Derakhshan Shadmehri. A. Mehrvar. A. 2016. Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with some pesticides. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, Vol. 36(2), pp. 137 - 146. (In Persian)
I. Kenneth. R. G. 1974. Sensitivity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and Verticillum sp. to fungicides and insecticides. Environmental Entomology, Vol. 3, pp.33-38.
C. W. Ugine. T. A. Hajek. A. E. 2010. Interaction between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 105, pp. 305-311.
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M. Pourian. H. R. Alizadeh. M. 2019. Bio-efficacy of the indigenous entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana in conjunction with desiccant dust to control of coleopteran stored product pests. Journal of invertebrate pathology, Vol.168, pp.107-117.
G. Athanassiou Nickolas. G. Kavallieratos Christos. I. Rumbos, Demetrius. C. .2017. Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Insecticidal Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae against Larvae of Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) on Wheat. Journal of Insect Science, Vol. 17(1), pp.1-7.
Nakhaie Bahrami. M. Mikani. A. Moharramipour, S. 2018. Effect of Achillea mille-folium and Teucrium polium extracts on nutritional indices and α-amylase and protease activities of Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Crop Protection, 7, pp. 183-190.
Chandler, D. 2017. Basic and applied research on entomopathogenic fungi. pp. 69-89 in Lacey, L. A. (Ed) Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Elsevier Inc. UK. 461 pp.
N. 2018. Molecular interactions between entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales) and their insect host: perspectives from stressful cuticle and hemolymph battlefields and the potential of dual RNA sequencing for future studies. Fungal Biology, Vol. 122, pp. 538-545.
M.A. Ahmad. W. 2015. The Management of Spodopteran Pests using Fungal Pathogens, Sree, K.S.,Varma, A, Eds., Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests, Use of Soil Microbes and their Metabolites. Soil Biology, Springer. Vol. 43, pp. 123-160.
Lacey, L. A. 2017. Entomopathogens used as microbial control agents. pp. 3-12 in Lacey, A. (Ed) Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Elsevier Inc. 461 pp.
P.M. Irungu. L.W. Ndegwa. P.N. Maniania. N.K. 2011. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, Vol.48, pp. 37-40.
S. 2010. Spore density and viability of entomopathogenic fungal isolates from Indonesia, and their virulence against Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Tropical Life Science Research, Vol. 21(1), pp. 11-19.
M. S. Alan. R. L. 2016. Improved mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite by fungi, when amended with cuticle-degrading enzymes or eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors." Folia microbiologica, Vol. 61(1), pp. 73-83.
S.P. Ramos. M. E. Avery. P. B. Jaronski. S.T. Vandenberg. J.D. 2010. Comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates against lepidopteran pests of vegetable crops. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,Vol. 103, pp. 186-199.
S. Vadnere. G. P. Sharma. V. K. Usman. M. R. 2017. Marrubium vulgare L.: A review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. Journal of Intercultural Eth-nopharmacology, Vol. 6, pp. 429-452.
M. Tongma. S. 2007. Effect of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) on non-target insects. Current Applied Science and Technology,Vol. 7, pp. 8-12.
Miresmailli. Isman. M. B. 2006. Efficacy and persistence of rosemary oil as anacaricide against two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhousetomato. Journal of Economic Entomology,Vol. 99, pp. 2015-2023.
Mahin Allahverdizade. N. Mohammadi. D. 2016. Bioactivity of Marrubium vulgare and Achillea millefolium leaf extracts on potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 1, pp.114-122.
Ying, S. H. Feng. M. G. Xu. S. T. 2003. Field efficacy of emulsifiable suspensions of Beauveria bassiana conidia for control of Mysus persicae population on cabbage. China Journal Applied Entomology, vol. 14, pp. 545-548.
M.A. Alizadeh. A. Eizadi. H. 2010. Effect of some Plant Extracts and Pesticides on Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana under Laboratory Conditions. Plant Protection Sdince, Vol. 41(2), pp. 327-336.
M. 2022. Comparative effects of two tomato extract on Bracon hebetor Say. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, Spring and Summer 2022, Vol.6 (1), pp. 1-15. (In Persian)
R.S. Cooper. R.M. Charnley. A.K. 1991. Characterization of chitinase and chitobiase produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 58(3), pp.415-426.
A. Jirakkakul. J. Panyasiri. C. Panyarakkit. P. Nounurai. P. Chantasingh. D. Eurwilaichitr. L. Cheevadhanarak. S. Tanticharoen. M. 2013. Infection and colonization of tissues of the aphid Myzus persicae and cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti by the fungus Beauveria bassiana. BioControl, Vol. 58(3), pp.379-391.
A. R. Carolino. A. T. Paula. C. O. Samuels. R. I. 2011. The combination of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with the insecticide imidacloprid increases virulence against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites and Vector. Vol. 4, pp. 1-8.
N. P. S. Cruz. S. R. Chávez, L. A. C. Alvarado. M. I. E. az, J. O..Mata, M. A. L.. Sánchez. C. L. D. T. J. Zavala. F. A. RíosE. M. 2015. Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tomatine, and Tomatidine Contents and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Tomato Plant. International Journal of Analytical Chemistery, Vol. 20, pp. 314-321.
I. Carrillo. J. Garvey. M. Ode. P. J. 2016. Indirect plant-parasitoid interactions mediated by changes in herbivore physiology. Insect Sci, Vol. 14, pp. 112–119.
N. Hatami. B. Ebadi. R. Akhavan. A. 2010. Effect of imidacloprid on the germination of conidia and mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium under laboratory conditions. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, Vol.78(1), pp.113-117. (In Persian)
C. H. Mishra. A.K. Tan. R. X. Tange. C. Yang. H. Shen. Y.F. 2006. Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum Camphora and their effect on Seed germination of Wheat and broad bean. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp.1969-1973.
M.B. Machial. C.M. 2006. Pesticides based on plant essential oils: From traditional practice to commercialization. In Rai M, Carpinella MC (eds.), Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds, Elsevier, BV., Pp. 29–44.
S. 2020. Insect Pest Management in Stored Products. Outlooks Pest Manag, vol.31, pp.24–35.
M. Salari. M. Bahraminejad. S. Panjekeh. N. Abassi. S. 2008. Antifungal activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zelanicum) crude extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, pp. 255-26.
M. 2008. Effect of some Plant Extracts on Beauveria bassiana in control of Anagasta kuehniella L under Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Plant Protection, Vol. 52, pp. 126-137. (In Persian)
A. Sokmen. M. Daferera. 2004. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extraxts OA Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Astraceae). Phytother Res, Vol.18(6), pp. 451-6.
K. Shoar. M.G. Shabatkhori. M. Khorshivand. Z. 2011. Antifungal activity of alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, Vol. 5(23), pp.55-64.
P. M. O. J. Hirose. E. Tchujo. P. T. Alcides Monio. A. Jr. 2001. Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi with neonicotinoid insecticides. Neotropical Entomology, Vol. 30(2), pp. 263-268.
S. Derakhshan Shadmehri. A. Mehrvar. A. 2016. Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with some pesticides. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, Vol. 36(2), pp. 137 - 146. (In Persian)
I. Kenneth. R. G. 1974. Sensitivity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and Verticillum sp. to fungicides and insecticides. Environmental Entomology, Vol. 3, pp.33-38.
C. W. Ugine. T. A. Hajek. A. E. 2010. Interaction between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 105, pp. 305-311.
