آسیب شناسی فرآیند تدوین خط مشی های محیط زیست ( مورد مطالعه سنجش محیط زیست طبیعی- دریاچه ارومیه)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
شهرام شیران زائی
1
,
دردانه آقاجانی
2
1 - کارشناس ارشد مدیریت دولتی گرایش خط مشی گذاری عمومی دانشگاه تهران
2 - دکتری مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/02/31
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01
کلید واژه:
آسیب شناسی تدوین خط مشی,
تحلیل خط مشی,
خط مشی گذاری محیط زیستی,
دریاچه ارومیه,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در شرایط کنونی برنامه ریزی و سیاستگذاری لازم برای جلوگیری از گسترش فجایع محیط زیست بسبار حایز اهمیت است و یکی از مهمترین مسائل حاضر کشور مساله دریاچه ارومیه می باشد که در سالهای گذشته خط مشی های زیادی درباره آن تصویب شده که اثربخشی کافی را نداشته است. هدف پژوهش فعلی آسیب شناسی خط مشی های وضع شده برای معضلات دریاچه ارومیه براساس رویکرد تحلیل تدوین خط مشی آن می باشد.
روش بررسی: استراتژی پژوهش، از لحاظ هدف کاربردی بوده و با توجه به ماهیت مساله مورد هدف، رویکرد پژوهش کیفی انتخاب گردید. روش پژوهش مطالعه موردی با هدف توصیف و گردآوری داده ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و روش تحلیل داده ها، تحلیل محتوای کمی می باشد. مشارکت کنندگان عبارتند از خبرگان محیط زیستی که دارای دانش و تجربه مرتبط در موضوع می باشند. مدل مبنایی براساس نمودار فرایندی تحلیل خط مشی عمومی شامل تعیین مشکل، تعیین اهداف، تصمیم گیری در مورد معیارها، انتخاب گزینه ها، تحلیل گزینه ها و مقایسه گزینه ها می باشد.
یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش و بررسی های انجام شده مورد مطالعه سنجش دریاچه ارومیه که بر گرفته از نظرات جامعه آماری خط مشی گذاران و خبرگان در سال ۱۴۰۰بوده، اذعان داشتند اگر چه روند تخریب در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه کند شده، اما تخریب محیط زیست در کشور، 20 درصد ناشی از تصویب قوانین و مقررات ضعیف، 60 درصد بر گرفته از عدم پایبندی به اجرای کامل قوانین و عدم ارزشگذاری اقتصادی محیط زیست و 20 درصد باقی مانده ناشی از نحوه ارزیابی خط مشی ها می باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: همانطورکه 100درصد جامعه اماری این پژوهش مشتمل بر خط مشی گذاران و خبرگان اذعان داشتند روند تخریب در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه کند شده است اما از دلایل اصلی روندرو به گسترش تخریب محیط زیست در کشور عدم پایبندی به اجرای قوانین و عدم ارزشگذاری اقتصادی محیط زیست طی سالهای گذشته بوده است. این پژوهش به منظور تعیین مشکل و اهداف خط مشی های موجود در سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست انجام پذیرفته در همین راستا پیشنهاد می گردد آن را در محدوده بزرگتر سایر دستگاه های موثر در حوزه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه به جهت احیاء و حفاظت تالاب و تامین حقابه، مشتمل بر وزارت نیرو، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و سازمان برنامه و بودجه و واحدهای استانی آنها به وقوع بپیوندد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: In the current situation, planning and policy making is necessary to prevent the spread of environmental disasters and one of the most important issues in the country is the issue of Lake Urmia which in recent years, many policies have been approved that have not been sufficiently effective. The purpose of the current study is based on the approach of policy analysis.
Material and Methodology: The research strategy was applied in terms of purpose is practical and according to the nature of the problem, a qualitative research approach was chosen. The research method is a case study with the aim of describing and collecting data from semi-structured interviews and the data analysis method is quantitative content analysis. Participants are environmental experts who have relevant knowledge and experience in the subject. The baseline model based on the public policy analysis process diagram includes problem determination, goal setting, criteria decision making, option selection, option analysis, and option comparison.
Findings: Findings and studies of Lake Urmia, which are based on the views of the statistical community of policy makers and experts acknowledged that the process of destruction in the Lake Urmia basin has slowed down but the destruction of the environment in the country, 20% is due to the compiling of weak laws and regulations, 60% is due to non-compliance with full implementation of laws and economic valuation of the environment and the remaining 20% is due to how policies are evaluated.
Discussion and Conclusion: As 100% of the statistical community of this research, including policy makers and experts, admitted that the process of destruction in the Urmia lake basin has slowed down, but the main reasons for the spread of environmental destruction in the country are the lack of adherence to the implementation of laws and the lack of economic valuation of the environment in the past years. This research was carried out in order to determine the problems and objectives of the existing policies in the Deparment of Environment. In this regard, it is suggested that this research should occur in the larger scope of other effective governmental organization in the area of Lake Urmia in order to restore and protect the wetland and provide water resources, including the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agricultural, the Program and Budget Organization and their provincial units.
منابع و مأخذ:
Agenda 21, Chapter 28, section 1-5, The United Nations Conference on Environment and development (UNCED), (1992).
Meijer, Johannes & Berg, Arjan, “Handbook of environmental policy”, NY: Nova Sience Publishers, Inc. (2010)
Zahedi Sh, (2010), “Handbook of Sustainable Development” Samt Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Bahrami Ahmadi.H,” Political-legal policy-making of the Islamic Republic of Iran in environmental protection” Political Science Quarterly, 2009l; Fifth Year, First Issue. (In Persian)
GH, Shekari.N,” Provide a dynamic model for implementing public policies” Management Quarterly, (2006), Third Year, No. 3/8. (In Persian)
Howlett, Michael, “Studying Public Policy”; Oxford New York University Press, (2009), Third Edition.
https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=31422
Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs of the Office of Infrastructure Studies,” Review the performance of general environmental policies” (2019) code-250, ID16720. (In Persian)
Denhardt, Robert B. “Public administration theory: the state of the discipline”, NJ: (1990) Chathman House Publishers.
EPI, Environmental Performance Index, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University, In collaboration with the World Economic Forum, With support from The McCall MacBain Foundation and Mark T. DeAngelis. (2020) epi.yale.edu
Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs of the Office of Infrastructure Studies,” A comparative study of the structure of the environmental performance index in 2020 with emphasis on the position of Iran”, (2021), code-250, ID17622(In Persian)
Shafritz, J; Borick, Christopher P. “Introducing Public Policy” (2008); Longman, New York.
Ahmadi, Aida; Abbaspour, Madjid; Abedi, Zahra; “Identification and risk assessment modeling of salt particle dispersion due to Lake Urmia dry out” Ph. D Thesis of Environmental Management Department, Winter 2015, Faculty of Environment and Energy-Department of Environmental Management.
Howlett, Michael; “Studying Public Policy”; (2009) Oxford New York University Press, Third Edition.
Meijer, Johannes & Berg, Arjan, “Handbook of environmental policy”, (2010), NY: Nova Sience Publishers, Inc.
Deleon, P; Overman, E; “A history of Policy Science”, (2008), University of calaroda at Denver
Strauss, A. & Corbin J, “Basics of qualitative research”, (1998), Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Torres, F; “How efficient is Decision-making in the EU, Environmental policies and the co-decision procedure” (2003); Intereconomics journal.
https://www.ulrp.ir/fa
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Agenda 21, Chapter 28, section 1-5, The United Nations Conference on Environment and development (UNCED), (1992).
Meijer, Johannes & Berg, Arjan, “Handbook of environmental policy”, NY: Nova Sience Publishers, Inc. (2010)
Zahedi Sh, (2010), “Handbook of Sustainable Development” Samt Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
Bahrami Ahmadi.H,” Political-legal policy-making of the Islamic Republic of Iran in environmental protection” Political Science Quarterly, 2009l; Fifth Year, First Issue. (In Persian)
GH, Shekari.N,” Provide a dynamic model for implementing public policies” Management Quarterly, (2006), Third Year, No. 3/8. (In Persian)
Howlett, Michael, “Studying Public Policy”; Oxford New York University Press, (2009), Third Edition.
https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=31422
Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs of the Office of Infrastructure Studies,” Review the performance of general environmental policies” (2019) code-250, ID16720. (In Persian)
Denhardt, Robert B. “Public administration theory: the state of the discipline”, NJ: (1990) Chathman House Publishers.
EPI, Environmental Performance Index, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University, In collaboration with the World Economic Forum, With support from The McCall MacBain Foundation and Mark T. DeAngelis. (2020) epi.yale.edu
Deputy of Infrastructure Research and Production Affairs of the Office of Infrastructure Studies,” A comparative study of the structure of the environmental performance index in 2020 with emphasis on the position of Iran”, (2021), code-250, ID17622(In Persian)
Shafritz, J; Borick, Christopher P. “Introducing Public Policy” (2008); Longman, New York.
Ahmadi, Aida; Abbaspour, Madjid; Abedi, Zahra; “Identification and risk assessment modeling of salt particle dispersion due to Lake Urmia dry out” Ph. D Thesis of Environmental Management Department, Winter 2015, Faculty of Environment and Energy-Department of Environmental Management.
Howlett, Michael; “Studying Public Policy”; (2009) Oxford New York University Press, Third Edition.
Meijer, Johannes & Berg, Arjan, “Handbook of environmental policy”, (2010), NY: Nova Sience Publishers, Inc.
Deleon, P; Overman, E; “A history of Policy Science”, (2008), University of calaroda at Denver
Strauss, A. & Corbin J, “Basics of qualitative research”, (1998), Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Torres, F; “How efficient is Decision-making in the EU, Environmental policies and the co-decision procedure” (2003); Intereconomics journal.
https://www.ulrp.ir/fa