ارزیابی خطر بیابان‌زایی با استفاده از منطق تاپسیس فازی در محیط GIS

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

محمد حسن صادقی روش ¹ (دانشیارگروه محیط زیست، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تاکستان، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات))
حسن خسروی ² (دانشیار گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/31 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01

کلید واژه: منطق فازی, روش بونیسون, ساختار سلسله مراتبی, مدل‌های تصمیم‌گیری, مقایسه زوجی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: پدیده مخرب بیابان زایی یکی از بحران های جدی اکولوژیکی با اثرات گسترده و بلند مدت طبیعی و انسانی است. لذا اقدامات اجرایی در این زمینه باید متکی به شناخت وضعیت فعلی بیابانی شدن اراضی و شدت آن باشد. از طرفی ضعف روش های اندازه گیری شدت بیابان زایی، همواره نیاز به ارائه روش های نوین و کمی را ایجاب می کند. بنابراین لزوم پرداختن به روش هایی که بتواند پهنه بندی را بر مبنای منطق و اصول قوی و مبانی نظری مستدل ارایه دهد، ضروری به نظر می رسد. از این رو این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی خطر بیابان زایی با استفاده از منطق تاپسیس فازی و به صورت موردی در دشت یزد- خضرآباد طی سال های 1399 تا 1400 به انجام رسید. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش سعی شد پهنه بندی شدت بیابان زایی توسط روش تاپسیس فازی به انجام رسد. در این روش پس از تعیین و ارزش دهی شاخص های موثر از روش دلفی فازی و تهیه لایه واحدهای کاری، اقدام به فازی سازی داده ها از روش چن و هوانگ شد و در ادامه فرایند تحلیل فازی بر روی داده ها صورت گرفت و در نهایت ماتریس تصمیم گیری فازی موزون حاصل شد، که در چارچوب این ماتریس و از روش تاپسیس، برآورد شدت بیابان زایی به انجام رسید. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که 34/9% درصد از کل منطقه مطالعاتی به صورت خیلی شدید، 71/7% درصد شدید و 57/%12 درصد به صورت نسبتاً شدیدی تحت فرایند بیابان زایی می باشد و بیابان زایی با شدت ناچیز (57/46%) و متوسط (81/23%) به ترتیب، بیشترین سهم را در منطقه مطالعاتی به خود اختصاص داده است. به طور کلی ارزش کمی شدت بیابان زایی برای کل منطقه از مجموع عوامل 262/0 (کلاس نسبتاً متوسط یا III) به دست آمد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: مطالعه صورت گرفته نشان از کارایی و سهولت کاربرد منطق فازی در ارزیابی شدت بیابان زایی داشت. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش امکان برنامه ریزی را برای به حداقل رساندن بیابان زایی در اثر انجام طرح های توسعه فراهم می سازد و می تواند شرایطی را ایجاد کند که با توجه به اولویت ها و پهنه بندی آسیب پذیری منطقه مطالعاتی، تعادل بین طرح های توسعه و محیط امکان پذیرگردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective The phenomenon of desertification is one of the serious ecological crises with extensive and long-term natural and human effects. Therefore, executive measures related to desertification control should be based on recognizing the current state of desertification of lands and its severity. On the other hand, the weakness of methods for measuring the intensity of desertification, always requires the need to provide new and quantitative methods. The need to address methods that can provide zoning based on strong logic and principles and rational theoretical foundations seems necessary in the field of desert management. Material and Methodology: In this paper, it has been tried to do so by using the Fuzzy Topsis method. In this method, after   determining and evaluating the effective indices by the fuzzy Delphi method and preparing the layer of work units, the data were fuzzy by the Chen and Huang methods. The fuzzy analysis process was performed on the data. Finally, a normalized fuzzy decision matrix was obtained, which within the framework of this matrix and by TOPSIS method, the intensity of desertification was estimated. Findings: The obtained results showed that, 9.34%, 7.71% and 12.57% of the total study area are in the very high, high and relatively high class of desertification, and Desertification with low (46.57%) and medium (23.81%) has the highest share in the study area, respectively. The quantitative value of desertification intensity for the whole region was 0.262 located in relatively medium or III class.  Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed the efficiency and ease of application of fuzzy logic in assessing the intensity of desertification. The results of this study provide the possibility of planning to minimize desertification as a result of development projects, and can create conditions where a balance between development plans and the environment is possible based on the priorities and vulnerability zoning of the study area.

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