تبیین و مقایسه شاخصه‌های تاثیر‌گذار بر رضایت پسران و دختران 11 تا 15 سال از مجتمع‌های مسکونی نوساز (نمونه مورد مطالعه: شهرک‌های مسکونی تنکابن)

محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی

مژده صیادی ¹ , سارا شریعتی ²

1 - استادیار گروه معماری ،مؤسسه آموزش عالی شفق، تنکابن، ایران. *( مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/09/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: رضایت از مسکن, رضایت از زندگی, ابعاد و شاخصه‌های مهم مسکن, جنس, کودکان 15-11 سال,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: مسکن دارای شاخص های مختلفی از جمله روانشناختی، کالبدی، فردی، اجتماعی و... است. این شاخص ها به واسطه دو متغیر سن و جنس در رضایت افراد از مجتمع های مسکونی تاثیرگذارند. امروزه ساخت مجتمع های مسکونی بدون تناسب با شرایط کاربران باعث نارضایتی افراد از محل سکونتشان شده است؛ که در کودکان به صورت مشکلات روانشناختی بروز می یابد. بنابراین در طراحی مجتمع های مسکونی توجه به رضایت کودکان امری ضروری می باشد. در پژوهش پیش رو تبیین و مقایسه شاخصه های تاثیرگذار بر رضایت کودکان(پسران و دختران 11 تا 15 سال) از مجتمع های مسکونی به تفکیک جنس مدنظر است. روش بررسی: نوع تحقیق توسعه ای است؛ که به روش شاخص های تحقیق ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی)، توصیفی-همبستگی و علی-مقایسه ای انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل کودکان 15-11 سال ساکن در مجتمع های مسکونی شهرک های نوساز کاج، کریم آباد و آرامش واقع در شهر تنکابن است. جهت ارزیابی مقایسه ای تعداد 100 دختر و 100 پسر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. پس از انجام مطالعات نظری و مصاحبه با کودکان، چهارچوب نظری تحقیق تدوین شد و جهت گردآوری اطلاعات از دو پرسشنامه بسته پاسخ و طیفی (لیکرت) در زمینه رضایت از زندگی و مولفه های مهم مسکن استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل یافته ها به کمک نرم افزار SPSS.19 و آزمون های همبستگی پیرسون، فریدمن و T-Student صورت گرفت. لازم به ذکر است عملیات فوق در سال 1399 به پایان رسید. یافته ها: شاخصه های کالبدی (واحد همسایگی و واحد مسکونی)، محیطی (واحد همسایگی) و فردی بر اساس ابعاد عینی و ذهنی محیط به ترتیب با ضرایب تاثیر 06/9،50/6، 45/6 و 00/4 شناسایی شدند. پسران و دختران فقط در مولفه های فضای تفریحی، ورزشی، بازی و مولفه های رفاهی، خدماتی، فرهنگی، تجاری به ترتیب با میانگین های 45/3، 36/3 و 66/2، 75/2 اختلاف نظر داشتند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: طبق نتایج اختلاف نظرات کودکان در دو جنس مختلف بسیار ناچیز است و شاخصه کالبدی-واحد همسایگی بیشترین تاثیر را بر رضایت آنان دارد. بنابراین طراحی عواملی مانند: نمای مناسب، حیاط، فضای سبز و پوشش گیاهی متنوع، عناصر و مبلمان های محیطی، فضاهای باز، دوستانه و جمعی و... پیشنهاد می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexes that do not fit the conditions of the users has caused people to be dissatisfied with their place of residence, which occurs in children in the form of psychological problems. Therefore, in designing residential complexes, paying attention to children's satisfaction is essential. In the present study, the identification and comparison of effecting indices in children's satisfaction with residential complexes disaggregated by gender is considered. Material and Methodology: This study is a developmental research which has been done using mixed (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative method. The statistical population includes children aged 11-15 years living in residential complexes of Kaj, Karimabad and Aramesh newly built townships located in Tonekabon city. For a comparative evaluation, 100 girls and 100 boys were selected as the sample. After conducting theoretical studies and interviews with children, a theoretical framework was developed and two closed-ended and Likert scale questionnaires in the field of life satisfaction and important components of housing were used to collect information. Findings were analyzed using SPSS.19 software and Pearson, Friedman and T-Student correlation tests.     Findings: Physical (neighboring unit and residential unit), environmental and individual indices based on the concrete and mental dimensions of the environment were identified with impact factors of 50.06, 6.9, 6.45 and 4.00, respectively. Boys and girls disagreed only in the components of recreational, sports and games and also the components of welfare, service, cultural and commercial with averages of 3.45, 3.36 and 2.66, 2.75, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there are very slight differences between the opinions of children in two sexes and the concrete-neighboring unit index has the greatest impact on their satisfaction. Therefore, designing the factors such as: suitable facade, yard, green space and various vegetation, environmental elements and furniture, open spaces, friendly and collective spaces, etc. is recommended.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Alahyari Asli Arde, Sh., Jafari Mehr Abadi M. Shokr Gozar, A., 2018. Assessing the quality of social and physical environment of residential neighborhoods with a residential satisfaction approach (Case study: Rasht). Journal of Iranian Geographical Association.55: pp. 149-168. (In Persian)


2. Parsa (Pashabadi), Sh., Pour Ahmad, A., Haji, M., Jafari, E., 2018. Assessing the satisfaction of the residents of Sirus neighborhood of Tehran with municipal services. Journal of Human Settlement Planning Studies.4: pp. 825-841. (In Persian)


3. Mousavi, S., S., Baskha, M., Nosratinejad, F., 2019. Factors related to housing satisfaction among citizens living in Mehr Shahr Parand housing. Journal of Human Settlement Planning Studies. 73: pp. 39-62. (In Persian)


4. Arvin, M., Faraji, A., Azhand, M., 2020. The effect of residential satisfaction on population sustainability in housing projects in Behshahan. Journal of Urban Research and Planning. 41: pp. 83-98. (In Persian)


5. Moeini, M. Explain the quality of the residential environment based on the components of the place Case study: Three residential complexes in Kerman. PhD Thesis, Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. 2011. 341 P. (In Persian)


6. Tebi Masrour, A., Rezaei Moayed, S., 2016. Assessing Citizen Satisfaction with Residential Quality in Residential Complexes: Case Study: Residential Complexes in Hamadan. Journal of Urban management.40: pp. 61-80. (In Persian)


7. Lotf Abadi, H. Developmental Psychology (2): Adolescence, Youth, and Adulthood. Seventeenth Edition, Tehran: Samt Press. 2019. 284 P. (In Persian)


8. Choudhury, I., 2005. A Conceptual model of resident satisfaction with reference to neighborhood composition. World Congress on Housing Transforming Housing Environments through Design, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 27-30, September. pp.11-18.


9. Mozaffari, N., Latifi, B., Berkpour, N., 2016. Measuring and comparing the level of residents' satisfaction with the residential system (Case study: Districts 3 and 11 of Tehran). Journal of Urban Studies.17: pp. 77-92. (In Persian)


10. Hayati, N. The secret of a happy life. First Edition, Tehran: Arashk Press. 2019. 95 P. (In Persian)


11. Shamaei, A., Ahmad Pour, A. Urban improvement and renovation from the perspective of geography. Fifth Edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. 2013. 402 P. (In Persian)


12. Tavasoli, M. Rules and criteria for urban space design. Second Edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. 2015. 134 P. (In Persian)


13. Asefi, M., Imani, E., 2016. Redefining the desired Iranian-Islamic contemporary housing design patterns by evaluating the quality of traditional houses. Journal of Islamic Architectural Research. 2: pp. 56-75. (In Persian)


14. Simatwa, W. Enose, M., 2010. Piaget’s theory of intellectual development and its implication for instructional management at presecondary school level. Department of Educational Management and Foundations, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya. Journal of Educational Research and Reviews. 7: pp. 366-371.


15. Arizi, H., Golparvar, M., 2011. The evolution of cognition and reasoning of adolescent girls and boys in guidance in community behaviors and helping others. Journal of Social Psychology Research. 3: pp. 36-56. (In Persian)


16. Hastings, P. D., Zahn-Waxler, C., McShane, K., 2005. We are, by nature, moral creatures: biological bases of concern for others. In M. Killen, J. Smetana (Eds), Handbook of moral development, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. pp. 483–516.


17. Naghdi, A., Belali, A., Mohamad Rezaei, F., 2015. Survey of residential satisfaction in the city of Hamedan and its sociological determinants. Journal of Social Studies and Research in Iran. 3: pp. 455-475. (In Persian)


18. Habibi, M., Behnamifard, F., 2016. Exploring the Level of Urban Spaces’ Responsiveness to Adolescents’ Needs Case Study: Azadi Street in Karaj.  Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning. 17: 139-154. (In Persian)


19. Cicognani, E., Albanesi, C., Zani, B., 2008 .The impact of residential context on adolescents' subjective wellbeing. Journal of Community & amp; Applied Social Psychology. 6: pp. 558-575.


20. Baiden, Ph., Arku, G., 2011. An assessment of resident housing satisfaction and coping in Accra Ghana. Journal of public health. 19: pp. 29-37.


21. Shahlaei, A., Mohajeri, M., 2015. In-Between Space, Dialectic of Inside and Outside in Architecture. Journal of Architecture and Urban Development. 3: pp. 73-80.


22. Lin, S., Li, Z., 2017. Residential satisfaction of migrants in Wenzhou, an ‘ordinary city’ of China. Journal of Habitat International. 66: pp. 76-85.


23. Zanganeh, M., Abdolmaleki , S., Mousavi, M. S., 2018. Assessment of environmental quality (objective-subjective) and residential satisfaction in new settlements (Case study: Tohid Sabzevar settlement). Journal of International Geographical Research in Urban Planning. 4: pp. 827-844. (In Persian)


24. Javanshir, Sh., 2016. Protection of privacy in designing of residential complexes architecture and its effect on constructive relations among the residents.  Journal of Modern Applied Science. 1: pp. 103-113.


25. Ibrahim A. Z., Tucker, R., 2018. Residential satisfaction in low-density Australian suburbs: The impact of social and physical context on neighborhood contentment. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 56: pp 36-45.


26. Mardjan, M., Jahan, A. Open Reference Architecture for Security and Privacy Documentation. Third Edition. Netherland: The Business Management Support Foundation, Apeldoorn, 2019. 217 P.