بررسی تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی بر تخریب محیط زیست با استفاده از رویکرد پانل 3SLS (منتخب کشورهای درحال توسعه و توسعه یافته)

محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیست

شیما پارسا ¹ ( دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. )
محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی ² ( دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات) )
مریم ضیاآبادی ³ ( استادیار دانشکده گردشگری مجتمع آموزش عالی بم، بم، ایران. )
حسین مهرابی بشرآبادی ⁴ ( استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. )

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/11/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01

کلید واژه: ردپای اکولوژیکی, مصرف انرژی, رشد اقتصادی, منحنی زیست محیطی کوزنتس,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: به دنبال افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی ناشی از رشد اقتصادی، چالش های زیست محیطی به یکی از مهم ترین دغدغه های سیاست گذاران تبدیل شده است. زیرا آلودگی محیط زیست منجر به اثرات نامطلوب زیست محیطی از جمله تغییرات آب و هوایی و گرم شدن کره زمین شده و در نهایت سبب تهدید حیات بشر و تخریب اکوسیستم می شود. از این رو هدف این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر عوامل موثر بر تخریب محیط زیست است. روش بررسی: این پژوهش در سال 1398 با استفاده از داده های سری زمانی 26 کشور منتخب در حال توسعه و 17 کشور منتخب توسعه یافته، تاثیر عوامل اقتصادی موثر بر تخریب محیط زیست، طی دوره 2015-1995 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. از این رو برای بررسی وجود منحنی زیست محیطی کوزنتس در کشورهای مورد مطالعه اقدام به برآورد ضرایب متغیرها در سه معادله، رد پای اکولوژیکی، مصرف انرژی و رشد اقتصادی با روش سیستم معادلات همزمان با داده های تابلویی (panel 3sls) شده است زیرا در این روش به علت برازش همزمان معادلات، ضرایب برآورد شده از دقت بالاتری برخوردارند. یافته ها: نتایج برآورد ضرایب مدل با استفاده از تکنیک حداقل مربعات سه مرحله ای با داده های تابلویی بیانگر آن است که وجود فرضیه زیست محیطی کوزنتس در کشورهای توسعه یافته قابل تأیید نمی باشد، زیرا ضرایب مربوط به تولید ناخالص داخلی و مجذور آن به ترتیب منفی و مثبت می باشند، اما در کشورهای در حال توسعه ضرایب متغیرهای تولید ناخالص داخلی و مجذور آن به ترتیب مثبت و منفی بوده که تأیید کننده وجود فرضیه زیست محیطی کوزنتس در این کشورها است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، متغیر مصرف انرژی در هر دو دسته کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه تاثیر مثبت و معنادار بر تخریب محیط زیست داشته است، در حالی که متغیر باز بودن تجاری در کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه یافته تاثیر منفی و معنادار بر انتشار آلودگی و رد پای اکولوژیکی دارد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود با توجه به اهمیت بالای محیط زیست، همزمان با برنامه ریزی و سیاست گذاری برای رشد اقتصادی بالاتر، وضع قوانین زیست محیطی و به کارگیری تکنولوژی های دوستدار محیط زیست مورد توجه قرار گیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Following the increase in environmental pollution caused by economic growth, environmental challenges have become one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Because environmental pollution leads to adverse environmental effects such as climate change and global warming, and ultimately threatens human life and ecosystem destruction. Therefore, studying the impact of factors affecting environmental degradation is of particular importance. Material and Methodology: This study intends to analyze the impact of economic factors affecting environmental degradation during the period 1995-1995, using time series data from 26 selected developing countries and 17 selected developed countries. Therefore, in order to investigate the existence of the Kuznets environmental curve in the studied countries, the coefficients of the variables in the three equations of ecological footprint, energy consumption and economic growth have been estimated by the system of equations simultaneously with panel data (panel 3sls). Because in this method, due to the simultaneous estimation of the equations, the estimated coefficients have a higher accuracy. Finding: The results of estimating the coefficients of the model using the three-stage least squares technique with panel data indicate that the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in developed countries cannot be confirmed because the coefficients of GDP and squares are negative and positive, respectively. But, in developing countries, the coefficients of GDP and squared variables have been positive and negative, respectively, which confirms the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in these countries. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the variable of energy consumption in both developed and developing countries has a positive and significant effect on environmental degradation, while the variable of trade openness in developing and developed countries has a negative and significant effect on pollution and ecological footprint. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the high importance of the environment, along with planning and policy-making for higher economic growth, the enactment of environmental laws and the use of environmentally friendly technologies should be considered.

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