بررسی اصول مکان‌یابی پروژه‌های محرک توسعه شهری در بافت های تاریخی (نمونه موردی: منطقه 12 شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
ایل ناز فتح العلومی
1
,
خشایار کاشانی جو
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دکتری شهرسازی، استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/19
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/01/01
کلید واژه:
روش FANP,
توسعه درون‌زا,
منطقه 12 تهران,
بافت تاریخی,
پروژه محرک توسعه شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: توسعه بی‌رویه شهر، تغییرات ساختار اقتصادی_اجتماعی، عدم تطبیق و همخوانی بافت‌های مجاور و بی‌توجهی مدیریت شهری به مناطق تاریخی از یک‌سو و فرصت توسعه و سرمایه‌گذاری مناسب در پیرامون شهر از سوی دیگر، باعث افت کیفیت زندگی در این محلات و کنار گذاشته شدن آن‌ها از فرآیند توسعه شهری شده است. در مقابل، بازگشت به اصل توسعه درون‌زا و حیات‌بخشی مجدد به فضاهای شهری از دست رفته با ایجاد جذابیت در بافت‌های تاریخی، می‌تواند محرکی برای توسعه آن‌ها باشد. در این راستا اجرای پروژه‌های محرک توسعه در بافت‌های تاریخی شهری امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر به شمار می‌رود. این پژوهش کاربردی در صدد تبیین و اولویت‌بندی معیارهای مکان‌یابی پروژه محرک توسعه شهری در بافت‌های تاریخی است. بدین منظور بافت تاریخی منطقه ۱۲ شهر تهران با وجود پتانسیل‌های ارزشمند تاریخی در مرکز شهر قدیم تهران انتخاب شد.روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر که در سال 1398 انجام شده، از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است و از روش تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی (FANP) جهت اولویت‌بندی معیارها بهره گرفته است. بدین منظور، پس از مطالعه مبانی نظری پژوهش به روش اسنادی- کتابخانه‌ای، معیارهای مناسب مکان‌یابی پروژه محرک توسعه شهری به روش تحلیل عاملی وزن‌دهی شده و جهت ارزیابی در نرم‌افزار Super Decisions وارد شد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که در مکان‌یابی پروژه محرک توسعه در بافت تاریخی، تسهیل حرکت پیاده و ایجاد اشتغال نقشی اساسی ایفا می‌نمایند. و برخلاف تصور رایج که احیای میراث فرهنگی و تاریخی مهمترین عامل در تحریک بافت تاریخی به شمار می‌رود، این معیار در جایگاه کم اهمیت‌ترین معیارها قرار گرفت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Improper development of city, changes in socio-economic structure, mismatch of adjacent areas and inattention of urban management to historical areas on one hand and the opportunity for proper development and investment around the city on the other hand, have led to declining quality of life in historical neighborhoods and excluding from urban development process. Versus, returning to infill development principle and revitalization of lost urban spaces by creating attractiveness in historical contexts could be a stimulus for development of these areas. In this regard, implementation of urban catalyst projects in urban historical contexts is inevitable. This applied research seeks to explain and prioritize lay outing criteria of urban catalyst project in historical contexts. For this purpose, historical context of region 12 of Tehran despite of its valuable historical potential was selected in the center of old city of Tehran.Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical and uses Fuzzy Network Analysis (FANP) method to prioritize criteria. Thus, after studying the theoretical fundamental of research by documentary-library method, appropriate criteria for lay outing urban catalyst project were weighted by factor analysis method and entered in the Super Decisions software for evaluation.Findings: findings show that pedestrian priority, job creation and capital attraction are the most important criterion among the criteria for lay outing urban catalyst projects in the historical context of region 12 of Tehran. Also, the least importance was given to improving public transportation, reviving cultural and historical heritage and environmental quality criteria.Discussion and Conclusion: It could be concluded that facilitating pedestrian movement and creating employment play a significant role in lay outing urban catalyst project in historical context. Unlike popular belief that revitalization of cultural and historical heritage is the most important factor in stimulating the historical area, this criterion was ranked among the least important criteria.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Nazarian, Asqar. 2010. The role of air transport in the development of the tourism industry with emphasis on Urmia International Airport. Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography. No 3. (In Persian)
Mirkatooli, Jafar and Hosseini, Hassan. 2013. Assessing the appropriateness of interstate land in Gorgan for intermediate development using a combination of AHP & GIS, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies (URBS), No 9. Pp 69-80. (In Persian)
Tabibian, Manoochehr and Qani, Farideh. 2015. Measuring the potential for mid-growth development in the central part of Tehran. Journal of Ecology. No 4. Pp 943-964. (In Persian)
Mirmoqtadaee, Mahta,. ND. Consideration of the concept of intermediate development and its necessity in urban areas, Journal of Shahrdariha No 98. pp 44-51. (In Persian)
Rafieian, Mojtaba and others. 2010. Consideration of the concept of intermediate development and its necessity in urban areas, Journal of Shahrdariha No 98. pp 44-51. (In Persian)
Dehkordi Ebrahimi. 2013. The role of cultural, religious and ecotourism factors in the development of Abarkuh tourism, Tourism Space Quarterly. No 9. pp. 1-16. (In Persian)
Lotfi, Sahand. 2010. Recreating a culture based on protection is a prerequisite for necessity. Haft Shahr Magazine, No 31. Pp 43. (In Persian)
Zebardast, E. 2013. Application of F’ANP model in urban planning, Journal of Fine Arts, No. 19, pp. 23-28. (In Persian)
Mohammadi, Jamal and Parizadi, Taher,. 2010. Applying an urban regeneration approach in central historical areas. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Geographical Society No 27. Pp 159-179. (In Persian)
PourAhmad and Colleagues,. 2010. An analysis of the physical-spatial expansion pattern of Gorgan city using Shannon and Heldren entropy models. Journal of Urban Research and Planning. No 3. Pp 1-18. (In Persian)
Flamaki, M M. 2005. Urban Renovation and Improvement, Samt Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
Kienitz, R. 2001. Managing Maryland’s growth: models and guidelines for infill development, Maryland department of planning.
Negahdari, B. 2017. Identification of development stimulus projects in Tehran, ISNA Iranian Students News Agency, adapted from www.isna.ir/news/96041003866. (In Persian)
Izadi, M S. 2010. Creating Social and Economic Vitality through Equipping and Development of Public Space: Development Stimulus Projects, A Strategy for Realizing Reconstruction Programs in Neighborhoods and Urban Centers, Quarterly Journal of Urban Research, No. 32, pp. 22-28. (In Persian)
Andalib, A.R and others,. 2013. Comparison and adaptation of recreating worn-out urban tissues Khayyam Block & Liverpool project (Great Britain). Quarterly Journal of Planning and Environment 6(23). Pp. 79-104. (In Persian)
Nourian, F., Aryana, H. 2012. Analyzing how the law protects public participation in urban regeneration, a case study: Imam Ali (Atiq) Square, Isfahan. Journal of Fine Arts, No. 17, pp. 15-27. (In Persian)
Movahed, A. 2007. Urban Tourism, Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz. (In Persian)
Dinari, A. 2005. Urban Tourism in Iran and the World, Vazheganeh Kherad Publications, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Taherkhani, H., Motusali, M M. 2006. Historical Texture Management of Iranian Cities (Challenges and Strategies), Urban Management Journal, No. 18, pp. 96-107. (In Persian)
Einolahi, K., Abedi, M. 2015. Approach to the use of urban catalysts in the revival of historical and valuable urban contexts. Shahrnegar, No. 73-74, pp. 31-42. (In Persian)
Bavand Consulting Engineers. 2006. Detailed Design of District 12, Reconstruction of Tehran Historical Center. (In Persian)
Everitt, B S., Dun, G. 1991. Applied multivariate data analysis, Edward Arnold, London.
Alpopi, C., Manole, C. 2013. Integrated urban regeneration-solution for city revitalize. Procrdia economics and finance.
Bohannon, L. 2004. The urban catalyst concept: toward successful urban revitalization. Master Thesis of landscape Architecture, VIRGINA.
Cowan, R. 2005. The Dictioanary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press, Britain.
EDAW Master 2002. http:/www.rudi.net/node/17478
Lang, J. 1994. Urban design: An American Experience, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Macdougall, D. 1993. Putting the heart back in the City, in 100 years: Town planning in Dundee, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee.
Sajjadzade, H. et al., 2017. Relationship between spatial configuration and environmental variables in informal settlements, study sample: Hesar neighborhood of Hamadan. Journal of Fine Arts, No. 22, pp. 19-28. (In Persian)
Sternberg, E. 2000. An Integrative theory of urban design. Journal of the American Planning Association.
