بررسی مولفه¬های الگوی مطلوب نظارت بر سازمان¬های مسئول حفاظت از محیط زیست
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محیط زیست
1 - دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران
2 - دانشجوی مقطع دکترای رشته حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: نظارت, حفاظت از محیط زیست, مشارکت عمومی, توسعه¬پایدار, اصل پیشگیری.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نظارت بر سازمانهای مسئول حفاظت محیط زیست صرفاً در صورتی میتواند تضمین کنندهی تحقق اهداف نظارت باشد که بر اساس الگویی مناسب و کارآمد صورت پذیرد. پژوهش حاضر در صدد بررسی مولفههای الگوی مطلوب اشکال مختلف نظارت بر این سازمانها و ارائهی مولفههای آن، در راستای تحقق اهداف نظارت و صیانت از محیطزیست است.
روش بررسی: مقاله ی حاضر توصیفی– تحلیلی بوده و با روش کتابخانهای، با بررسی سوابق پژوهشی در حوزههای مختلف محیط زیستی، حقوقی و اداری در صدد پاسخ به پرسش طرح شده است.
یافته ها: در پژوهش حاضر موضوع در چهار محور نظارت عمومی، سیاسی، اداری و قضائی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و نتایج بررسی ها نشان دهندهی آن است که وجود برخی مولفه ها در راستای تحقق کارآمدی نظارت بر این سازمانها ضرورت دارد. این مولفه ها علاوه بر مبانی نظامهای مردم سالار بر ویژگیهای خاص محیط زیست نظیر دشواری جبران زیانهای وارد شده و شکلگیری اغلب آسیبها در بستر زمانی بلند مدت ریشه داشته که متضمن آن است که سازمان مسئول پیش از وقوع زیان اقدام نماید و نظارت موثر نیز سازمان را در مقابل چنین تکلیفی پاسخگو نموده ، مجاب و ملزم نماید.
نتیجه گیری: مولفه های اصلی نظارت بر سازمانهای مسئول حفاظت از محیط زیست را میتوان در پنج محور اصلی خلاصه نمود. نخست: جلب مشارکت عمومی از طریق ارتباط با تشکلها، ذینفعان وجوامع محلی، دوم: استمرار و پیوستگی و پرهیز از نظارت منقطع و موردی، سوم: پیشگیرانه بودن نظارت بر سازمان مسئول، چهارم: عدم تمرکز نظارت و پنجم: نتیجه محوری در راستای تضمین حق بر محیط زیست سالم .
Background and Objectives:Supervision of organizations responsible for environmental protection can only guarantee the achievement of supervision objectives if it is based on an appropriate and efficient model. The present study seeks to investigate the characteristics of the Appropriate model of various forms of supervision of these organizations and to present its components in order to achieve the objectives of supervision and environmental protection.
Material and Methodology:The present article is descriptive-analytical and with the help of the library method, by examining research records in various fields of environment, law, and administration, seeks to answer the question.
Finding:In the present study, the issue has been studied in four axes of public, political, administrative, and judicial supervision and the results of the studies indicate that the existence of some characteristics to achieve effective supervision of these organizations is necessary. These components- in addition to the foundations of democratic systems- are rooted in specific environmental characteristics such as the difficulty of compensating for the damages and the formation of most of the damages in the long-term context, which requires the responsible organization to take action before the loss occurs and effective supervision to hold the organization accountable, persuasive and binding on such a task.
Discussion and conclusion:The main components of the supervision of organizations responsible for environmental protection can be summarized in five main areas. First: Attract public participation through communication with NGOs, stakeholders, and local communities, second: continuity and avoidance of intermittent and occasional supervision, third: preventive supervision of the responsible organization, fourth: decentralization of supervision and fifth: Consequentialism to ensure the right to a healthy environment.
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