تکتونیک در معماری: بررسی ماهیت دوگانه روابط تکتونیک در آثاری از معماری معاصر ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
پریا پورمحمدی
1
,
فرشاد مفاخر
2
,
اصغر ساعد سمیعی
3
,
مهرداد متین
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/06/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/08/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/07/01
کلید واژه:
وحدت (یگانگی) اثر معماری,
ماهیت دوگانه تکتونیک,
معماری معاصر ایران,
تکتونیک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نمایان کردن مفهوم یگانگی از سوی هنرمند به سایرین، نیاز به فراهم آوردن تعریفی برای معماری دارد که شاخص های کالبدی و ساختاری و ابزارمندی های زیبایی شناسانه آن را در چارچوبی معنوی بیاورد. این نوع نگرش منطبق بر مفهوم تکتونیک است. تکتونیک در معماری دو تفسیر اصلی دارد: نظریه ساختار داخلی اثر هنری و تشکیل و پیوند عناصر فرم، برای دستیابی به یک هارمونی. در این مقاله دو هدف مدنظر می‌باشد؛ اصول و معیارهای وحدت و یگانگی اثر معماری در جهت بررسی انطباق فرم هسته‌ای و هنری و دوم، ارزیابی چهار نمونه از آثار فاخر معماری معاصرکشور بر اساس این معیارها در جهت مشخص شدن میزان انطباق فرم هسته‌ای و هنری آن‌ها.روش بررسی:راهبرد اصلی تحقیق بر اساس هدف از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی تحلیلی است. از تکنیک تحلیل سلسه‌مراتبی AHP جهت ارزیابی انطباق فرم هسته ای و فرم هنریِ نمونه ها بر اساس معیارها و هدف استفاده گردید.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد انطباق فرم هنری و فرم هسته ای در بنای مجلس سنا (مجلس شورای اسلامی) نسبت به سه اثر دیگر (بنای آزادی،موزه هنرهای معاصر و تئاتر شهر) بیشتر و در نتیجه بنای یاد شده در انطباق جنبه های فنی-تکنیکی و جلوه های مفهومی-معنایی موفق تر است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتیجه گیری این تحقیق، مباحثات معماری را به این سو تشویق می کند که به دنبال آن باشند که از بیان تکتونیک به عنوان ابزاری برای همسازی و یکپارچگی موضوعات زیبایی شناسانه و فن آورانه، در فرایند طراحی آثار معاصر استفاده کنند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: The illustration of the concept of oneness by an artist requires a specific definition of architecture that is able to expand its physical and structural indices and aesthetic instrumentation into a spiritual framework. This attitude is in compliance with the tectonic concept. Tectonic in architecture has two key interpretations: Theory of internal structure of artistic work and the formation and linkage of form elements to achieve harmony. This paper has two goals: First, the principles and criteria of the oneness of architectural work to investigate the compliance of its core and artistic forms and second, the assessment of four great architectural works of contemporary architecture in Iran based on these criteria to measure the compliance of the core and artistic forms.Material and Methodology: This was an applied descriptive-analytical study. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assess the compliance of core and artistic forms of the samples based on the given criteria and goal.Findings: Results showed better compliance between the core and artistic forms of the Senate (Islamic Consultative Assembly) building than the other three works (Azadi Tower, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and City Theater of Tehran). As a result, this building has greater compliance between the technical and conceptual-semantic dimensions.Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of this study direct architectural discussions towards using the tectonic expression as an instrument for harmonizing and integrating aesthetic and technological subjects in the design process of the contemporary works.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Collins P. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture. T: Hasanpour.Tehran: Qatre Press.1998. (In Persian)
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Ghodsipour S. Multiple Objective Decision Making-MODM. Amirkabir University of Technology Press. 2005. (In Persian)
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Noghrekar A. Theoretical Foundations of Architecture. Tehran: Payame Nour Press. 2011. (In Persian)
Mardomi K, Soheilifard M, Agha Azizi M. Structural and architectural alignment in order to optimally locate the supports by genetic algorithm (case study: free-form flaps, designed based on Iranian node geometry). Naqshejahan. 2015; (2-5): 75-65. (In Persian)
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Charleson A. Structures as Architecture. T: Mahmoud Golabchi, Ehsan Soroush Nia. Tehran: Tehran University Press. 2011. (In Persian)
Kabirsaber M. Defining the Concept of Structural Stability in Iranian Architectural Heritage, Case Study: Timurid Architectural Constructions in Imam Reza Holy Shrine. Tehtan: University of Tehran University College of Fine Arts Faculty of Architecture. 2011. (In Persian)
Von meiss P. Elements of Architecture, From Form to Place+tectonics. T: Simon Ayvazian. Tehran: Tehran University press. 2005.
Ardalan N, Bakhtiar L. Sense of unity (the role of tradition in Iranian architecture). V: Vedad Jalili, Ehsan Tayife. Tehran: the science of architecture. 2011 (In Persian)
Zarkesh A. Architectural Priority on Structures in Contemporary Architecture. Book of Moon Art, 2008; 124: 20-31. (In Persian)
Macdonald AJ. Structural design for architecture. Oxford: Architectural Press; 1997 Jan.
Zannos A. Form and stucture in architecture, the role of statical function, trans. Dimitri Gondicas, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., New York. 1987.
Salvadori M. Structure in Architecture. Prentice - Hall International Inc. 1975.
Falamaki M. Origins and theoretical tendencies of architecture.Tehran:Faza Publishing.2008.(In Persian)
Zebardast E. Application of Hierarchical Analysis Process in Urban and Regional Planning. Tehran: Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba. 2001; (10): 13-21. (In Persian)
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Falamaki M.M. Get Unity in Iranian Architecture. Tehran: Faza Publishing. 2014. (In Persian)
Nesbitt K.Postmodern Architecture Theory,T: Pouyan Rouhi,Mashhad: Kasra Booklet.2014.(In Persian)
Frampton K, Domik G, Jessup ER, Schauble CJ. Studies in tectonic culture: the poetics of construction in nineteenth and twentieth century architecture. Mit Press; 1995.
McCoy CG. Tectonics in the Twenty-first Century: The Expanded Notion of Structure and Its Perception in Architecture (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati).
Liu YT, Lim CK. New tectonics: a preliminary framework involving classic and digital thinking. Design Studies. 2006 May 1;27(3):267-307.
Wu NW, Fu CC. Atectonic Expression from Theory to Practice: From Semper′ s Bekleidung to Empirical Projects. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2014 Jan 1; 13(1):9-16.
Nilsson F. New technology, new tectonics?-on architectural and structural expressions with digital tools. InTectonics-Making Meaning. Conference Proceedings 2007.
Sekler EF. Structure, Construction & Tectonics. 1965.
Anbari Ruzbahani N, Majid Mofidi Shemirani S, Ekhlasi A. Sustainable tectonics: a conceptual framework to formulate formal structure of sustainable designs. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2016; 10 (5): 523-531.
Grötter J. Aesthetics in Architecture. T: Jahanshah Pakzad and Abdolreza Homayoun. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press. 1996. (In Persian)
Arnheim R. The Dynamics of Architectural Form. T: Mehrdad Qayyoomi Bidhendi. Tehran: SAMT Press. 1998. (In Persian)
Collins P. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture. T: Hasanpour.Tehran: Qatre Press.1998. (In Persian)
Saaty T. Aesthetics in Architecture. The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning. Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, RWS Publications, USA. 1980;173-189.
Ghodsipour S. Multiple Objective Decision Making-MODM. Amirkabir University of Technology Press. 2005. (In Persian)
Hadian M, Pourmand H. Themes in architecture: A necessity in the design process and The Challenges of Teaching it in the Schools of Architecture. Tehran: Honar-Ha-Ye-Karbordi, Journal of Applied Arts, University of Semnan. 2014; (4): 73-80. (In Persian)
Bastani M, Mahmoudi S. Idea and concept creation methods in the architectural design process. Tehran: Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba. 2018; (23): 5-18. (In Persian)
Noghrekar A. Theoretical Foundations of Architecture. Tehran: Payame Nour Press. 2011. (In Persian)
Mardomi K, Soheilifard M, Agha Azizi M. Structural and architectural alignment in order to optimally locate the supports by genetic algorithm (case study: free-form flaps, designed based on Iranian node geometry). Naqshejahan. 2015; (2-5): 75-65. (In Persian)
Clark R, Pause M. Precedents in architecture.T:Mohammad Ahmadinezhad.Khak press.2015.(In Persian)
Charleson A. Structures as Architecture. T: Mahmoud Golabchi, Ehsan Soroush Nia. Tehran: Tehran University Press. 2011. (In Persian)
Kabirsaber M. Defining the Concept of Structural Stability in Iranian Architectural Heritage, Case Study: Timurid Architectural Constructions in Imam Reza Holy Shrine. Tehtan: University of Tehran University College of Fine Arts Faculty of Architecture. 2011. (In Persian)
Von meiss P. Elements of Architecture, From Form to Place+tectonics. T: Simon Ayvazian. Tehran: Tehran University press. 2005.
Ardalan N, Bakhtiar L. Sense of unity (the role of tradition in Iranian architecture). V: Vedad Jalili, Ehsan Tayife. Tehran: the science of architecture. 2011 (In Persian)
Zarkesh A. Architectural Priority on Structures in Contemporary Architecture. Book of Moon Art, 2008; 124: 20-31. (In Persian)
Macdonald AJ. Structural design for architecture. Oxford: Architectural Press; 1997 Jan.
Zannos A. Form and stucture in architecture, the role of statical function, trans. Dimitri Gondicas, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., New York. 1987.
Salvadori M. Structure in Architecture. Prentice - Hall International Inc. 1975.
Falamaki M. Origins and theoretical tendencies of architecture.Tehran:Faza Publishing.2008.(In Persian)
Zebardast E. Application of Hierarchical Analysis Process in Urban and Regional Planning. Tehran: Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba. 2001; (10): 13-21. (In Persian)
