بررسی آلایندگی فیزیکی-شیمیایی آب چاه در روستاهای اطراف دماوند با بهره-گیری از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت منابع آب
محدثه حدادی
1
,
مریم رفعتی
2
,
مجتبی صیادی
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران. *)مسوول مکاتبات(
3 - کارشناس ارشد، شرکت آب و فاضلاب روستایی استان تهران، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/29
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01
کلید واژه:
آلودگی,
مدیریت منابع آب,
سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی,
آب زیرزمینی,
شاخص GWQI,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به کمبود آب و بحـران خشک سـالی در چنـد سال اخیر، اهمیت بررسی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی روز بـه روز بیشـتر شده است و در این راستا، سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)یکی از بهترین سیستم هایی است که به مدیران برای تصمیم گیری بهینه کمک می کند. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش تعیین آلایندگی و تغییرات کیفی آب چاه ها در روستاهای اطراف شهرستان دماوند با کمک GIS بوده است.
روش بررسی: 11 حلقه چاه در روستاهای مشا، چنار شرقی، لومان، وادان، زان، آینه ورزان، جابان، سربندان، آرو، سیدآباد و اسلام آباد طی دوره های ترسالی و خشک سالی سال 1397 نمونه برداری شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش های درون یابی IDW، اطلاعات چاه ها را به سطح تعمیم داده و نقشه مورد نظر تهیه شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که آب موجود در چاه های منطقه برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی در حد خوب است. بر اساس نقشه های GIS، آلوده ترین چاه در روستای وادان واقع شده است که میزان EC و سدیم در آن بالاتر از حد استاندارد بوده و علت آن نیز ساختار زمین شناسی جنوب شهرستان و برداشت بی رویه آب این چاه است. از نظر شاخص GWQI مشخص شد که روستاهای آینه ورزان، زان و سیدآباد در هر دو دوره بررسی، به دلیل داشتن عدد کیفی کمتر از 20 نسبت به سایر نواحی از نظر حفر چاه در آینده مناسب تر است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: از آن جایی که دماوند دارای اراضی کشاورزی و باغات زیادی است که به صورت دوره ای مورد سم‌پاشی قرار می‌گیرند و مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در آن زیاد است، لذا می توان احتمال داد که در آینده، وضعیت این چاه ها از حد آستانه خارج شوند، هرچند براساس نتایج این پژوهش در زمان نمونه برداری، وضعیت این چاه ها مطلوب بود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Considering the water shortage and drought crisis in recent years, the importance of examining the quality of groundwater resources has become more important day by day, and in this regard, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the best methods to help managers for optimization their decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the pollution and qualitative changes in water well in villages around Damavand city by using GIS.
Material and Methodology: Eleven water wells were sampled in the villages of Masha, Chenar Sharghi, Luman, Wadan, Zan, Ayneh Varzan, Jaban, Sarbandan, Aro, Seyedabad, and Islamabad during wet and drought periods. Then, using IDW interpolation methods, the water well information, which is in the form of points, was generalized to the surface and map was prepared.
Findings: The results showed that the water in the wells of the studied area is good for drinking and agriculture purposes. According to GIS maps, the most polluted well is located in the village of Vadan, where EC and sodium levels are above the standard level due to the geological structure of the south of the city and the improper water abstraction of this well. In terms of the GWQI index, it was found that the villages of Aynevarzan, Zan and Seyedabad in both periods of study, due to having a quality number of less than 20, are more suitable than other areas for drilling wells in the future.
Discussion and Conclusion: Since Damavand has a lot of agricultural and orchards lands that are sprayed periodically and the use of chemical fertilizers are high, it is possible that in the future, the condition of these wells will exceed the standard threshold. However, based on the results of this study at the sampling time, the condition of these wells was suitable.
منابع و مأخذ:
Adimalla, N., and Taloor, A. K., 2020. Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater quality in the hard rock terrain of South India using Geographic Information System (GIS) and groundwater quality index (GWQI) techniques. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, 100288.
Adimalla, N., and Wu, J., 2019. Groundwater quality and associated health risks in a semi-arid region of south India: Implication to sustainable groundwater management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(1-2), 191-216.
Chitsazan, M., Aghazadeh, N., Mirzaee, Y., and Golestan, Y., 2019. Hydrochemical characteristics and the impact of anthropogenic activity on groundwater quality in suburban area of Urmia city, Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 21(1), 331-351.
Ebrahimi, A., Amin, M.M., Hashemi, H., Foladifard, R., and Vahiddastjerdi, M., 2011. A survey of groundwater chemical quality in Sajad Zarinshahr. Health System Research, 6: 918-928. (In Persian)
Nasrabadi, T., and Abasi Maedeh, P., 2013. Evaluation of Tehran city groundwater quality by WHO water quality index. Human and Environment, 11(26) 1-12. (In Persian)
Saha, R., Dey, N. C., Rahman, S., Galagedara, L., and Bhattacharya, P., 2018. Exploring suitable sites for installing safe drinking water wells in coastal Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 7, 91-100.
Eblin, S. G., Konan, K. S., Mangoua, O. M. J., Nedeff, V., Sandu, A. V., Barsan, N., and Sandu, I., 2019. Nitrate pollution of groundwater based on GIS in the city of Daloa, West-central Cote d’Ivoire. Revista De Chimie), 70, 2579-2583.
Karakuş, C. B., 2019. Evaluation of groundwater quality in Sivas province (Turkey) using water quality index and GIS-based analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 29(5), 500-519.
Honarbakhsh, A., Tahmoures, M., Tashayo, B., Mousazadeh, M., Ingram, B., & Ostovari, Y. (2019). GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in northern part of Fars province, Marvdasht. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 68(3), 187-196.
Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D., and Rice, E.W., 2017. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (23rd Edition). American Water Works Association. USA, 1796 p.
Sharma, S., Sharma, J., Chabukdhara, M., and Nema, A. K., 2010. “Water quality assessment of river Hindon at Ghaziabad, India: Impact of industrial and urban wastewater”, J. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165, 101-112.
Reza, R., and Singh, G., 2010. Heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for river water. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7(4), 785-792.
Javid, A., Ghomimaghsad, N., and Roudbari, A., 2016. Evaluation of groundwater quality with GWQI index and preparing of zoning map in GIS. Journal of Knowledge & Health, 10(4): 48-56.
Rahmani, Z., Khoshneviszadeh, A., and Rezaei Kalantari, R., 2014. Evaluation of Boiin Zahra drinking water quality with GWQI. Scientific Journal of Alborz Medical University, 2: 147-155.
Dindarliu, K., Alipoor, V., and Farshidfar, G., 2007. Evaluation of Bandar Abbas drinking water quality with GWQI. Scientific Journal of Hormozgan Medical University, 4: 57-62. (In Persian)
Khosravi, R., Eslami, H., Almodaresi, S.A., Heidari, M., Fallahzadeh, R.A., Taghavi, M., Khodadadi, M., and Peirovi, R., 2017. Use of geographic information system and water quality index to assess groundwater quality for drinking purpose in Birjand City, Iran. Desalination Water Treatment, 67(1), 74-83.
Barzegar, R., Moghaddam, A. A., Adamowski, J., & Nazemi, A. H., 2019. Assessing the potential origins and human health risks of trace elements in groundwater: A case study in the Khoy plain, Iran. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41(2), 981-1002.
Rakib, M.A., Sasaki, J., Matsuda, H., Quraishi, S.B., Mahmud, M.J., Bodrud-Doza, M., Ullah, A.A., Fatema, K.J., Newaz, M.A. and Bhuiyan, M.A., 2020. Groundwater salinization and associated co-contamination risk increase severe drinking water vulnerabilities in the southwestern coast of Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 246: 125646.
Kawo, N. S., and Karuppannan, S., 2018. Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and GIS technique in Modjo River Basin, central Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147, 300-311.
Mirzabeygi, M., Yousefi, M., Soleimani, H., Mohammadi, A. A., Mahvi, A. H., and Abbasnia, A., 2018. The concentration data of fluoride and health risk assessment in drinking water in the Ardakan city of Yazd province, Iran. Data in Brief, 18, 40-46.
Keramati, H., Miri, A., Baghaei, M., Rahimizadeh, A., Ghorbani, R., Fakhri, Y., Bay, A., Moradi, M., Bahmani, Z., Ghaderpoori, M., Khaneghah, A.M., 2019. Fluoride in Iranian drinking water resources: a systematic review, meta-analysis and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Biological Trace Element Research, 188(2): 261-273.
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Adimalla, N., and Taloor, A. K., 2020. Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater quality in the hard rock terrain of South India using Geographic Information System (GIS) and groundwater quality index (GWQI) techniques. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, 100288.
Adimalla, N., and Wu, J., 2019. Groundwater quality and associated health risks in a semi-arid region of south India: Implication to sustainable groundwater management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(1-2), 191-216.
Chitsazan, M., Aghazadeh, N., Mirzaee, Y., and Golestan, Y., 2019. Hydrochemical characteristics and the impact of anthropogenic activity on groundwater quality in suburban area of Urmia city, Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 21(1), 331-351.
Ebrahimi, A., Amin, M.M., Hashemi, H., Foladifard, R., and Vahiddastjerdi, M., 2011. A survey of groundwater chemical quality in Sajad Zarinshahr. Health System Research, 6: 918-928. (In Persian)
Nasrabadi, T., and Abasi Maedeh, P., 2013. Evaluation of Tehran city groundwater quality by WHO water quality index. Human and Environment, 11(26) 1-12. (In Persian)
Saha, R., Dey, N. C., Rahman, S., Galagedara, L., and Bhattacharya, P., 2018. Exploring suitable sites for installing safe drinking water wells in coastal Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 7, 91-100.
Eblin, S. G., Konan, K. S., Mangoua, O. M. J., Nedeff, V., Sandu, A. V., Barsan, N., and Sandu, I., 2019. Nitrate pollution of groundwater based on GIS in the city of Daloa, West-central Cote d’Ivoire. Revista De Chimie), 70, 2579-2583.
Karakuş, C. B., 2019. Evaluation of groundwater quality in Sivas province (Turkey) using water quality index and GIS-based analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 29(5), 500-519.
Honarbakhsh, A., Tahmoures, M., Tashayo, B., Mousazadeh, M., Ingram, B., & Ostovari, Y. (2019). GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in northern part of Fars province, Marvdasht. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 68(3), 187-196.
Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D., and Rice, E.W., 2017. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (23rd Edition). American Water Works Association. USA, 1796 p.
Sharma, S., Sharma, J., Chabukdhara, M., and Nema, A. K., 2010. “Water quality assessment of river Hindon at Ghaziabad, India: Impact of industrial and urban wastewater”, J. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165, 101-112.
Reza, R., and Singh, G., 2010. Heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for river water. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7(4), 785-792.
Javid, A., Ghomimaghsad, N., and Roudbari, A., 2016. Evaluation of groundwater quality with GWQI index and preparing of zoning map in GIS. Journal of Knowledge & Health, 10(4): 48-56.
Rahmani, Z., Khoshneviszadeh, A., and Rezaei Kalantari, R., 2014. Evaluation of Boiin Zahra drinking water quality with GWQI. Scientific Journal of Alborz Medical University, 2: 147-155.
Dindarliu, K., Alipoor, V., and Farshidfar, G., 2007. Evaluation of Bandar Abbas drinking water quality with GWQI. Scientific Journal of Hormozgan Medical University, 4: 57-62. (In Persian)
Khosravi, R., Eslami, H., Almodaresi, S.A., Heidari, M., Fallahzadeh, R.A., Taghavi, M., Khodadadi, M., and Peirovi, R., 2017. Use of geographic information system and water quality index to assess groundwater quality for drinking purpose in Birjand City, Iran. Desalination Water Treatment, 67(1), 74-83.
Barzegar, R., Moghaddam, A. A., Adamowski, J., & Nazemi, A. H., 2019. Assessing the potential origins and human health risks of trace elements in groundwater: A case study in the Khoy plain, Iran. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41(2), 981-1002.
Rakib, M.A., Sasaki, J., Matsuda, H., Quraishi, S.B., Mahmud, M.J., Bodrud-Doza, M., Ullah, A.A., Fatema, K.J., Newaz, M.A. and Bhuiyan, M.A., 2020. Groundwater salinization and associated co-contamination risk increase severe drinking water vulnerabilities in the southwestern coast of Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 246: 125646.
Kawo, N. S., and Karuppannan, S., 2018. Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and GIS technique in Modjo River Basin, central Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147, 300-311.
Mirzabeygi, M., Yousefi, M., Soleimani, H., Mohammadi, A. A., Mahvi, A. H., and Abbasnia, A., 2018. The concentration data of fluoride and health risk assessment in drinking water in the Ardakan city of Yazd province, Iran. Data in Brief, 18, 40-46.
Keramati, H., Miri, A., Baghaei, M., Rahimizadeh, A., Ghorbani, R., Fakhri, Y., Bay, A., Moradi, M., Bahmani, Z., Ghaderpoori, M., Khaneghah, A.M., 2019. Fluoride in Iranian drinking water resources: a systematic review, meta-analysis and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Biological Trace Element Research, 188(2): 261-273.
