ارزیابی میزان آلودگی و توزیع عناصر کروم، نیکل و کبالت در خاک منطقه افیولیتی جغتای (شمال غرب سبزوار)، بر اساس تحلیل های آماری و استخراج ترتیبی
محورهای موضوعی :
فلزات سنگین
حجت اله جغتایی
1
,
رحیم دبیری
2
,
محمد الیاس مسلم پور
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه زمین شناسی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/01/01
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/05/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01
کلید واژه:
آلودگی خاک,
استخراج ترتیبی,
افیولیت های سبزوار,
عناصر سنگین,
ارزیابی زیست محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسی نتایج آنالیز عناصر سنگین در نمونه های خاک منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان از غلظت بالای برخی عناصر از قبیل کروم، نیکل و کبالت در بخش های جنوبی منطقه دارد. ارزیابی فلزات سنگین در خاک های منطقه جغتای توسط روش های آماری چند متغیره( ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، آنالیز خوشه ای و تحلیل مولفه اصلی) نشان دهنده همبستگی مثبت و قوی عناصر کبالت، نیکل، کروم، آهن، منگنز و منیزیم می باشد که ناشی از منشا یکسان آنها ( واحدهای افیولیتی و الترامافیکی منطقه ) می باشد. محاسبه شاخص های آلودگی ( فاکتور زمین انباشتگی، فاکتور غنی شدگی، فاکتور آلودگی و درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده) نشان می دهد که خاک های منطقه نسبت به عناصر کروم و نیکل آلودگی شدید و نسبت به عنصر کبالت آلودگی متوسط دارند. آزمایش استخراج ترتیبی بر روی نمونه های آلوده نشان داد که عناصر نیکل و کروم با غلظت بیش از 50 درصد در فاز تبادل پذیرتمرکز یافته اند. به عبارت دیگر وجود واحد های افیولیتی و معدنکاری بر روی واحدهای کرومیتی در منطقه سبب آزاد شدن این عناصر گردیده است ، به طوری که با دور شدن از واحدهای افیولیتی، غلظت این عناصر کاهش می یابد. همچنین گونه سازی عناصر در فاز های مختلف نشان داد که سایر عناصر اغلب در فازهای باقی مانده تمرکز یافته و منشا لیتوژنیک دارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Joghatay plain is located in Sabezvar Ophiolitic Zone and next to the chromite mine. In this research, the soil pollution by heavy metals have been investigated with respect to geochemical, statistical and environmental indicators in Joghatay plain.Material and Methodology: Samples were collected seasonally from soil in Joghatay plain within May 2014, and the concentration of heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS method. To the geochemical phases of metals in soil were determined using BCR sequential extraction method.Finding: The result of the analysis of heavy metals in soil samples has shown high concentrations of some elements such as Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt in the southern part of the region. Assessment and correlation of heavy metals in Joghatay region soils by multivariate statistical methods (Pearson correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis) show a strong positive correlation between Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Iron, Manganese and Magnesium due to the same source (ophiolitic unit area).Discussion and Conclusion: The pollution index (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified contamination degree) indicates that soil has strongly polluted with regard to Chromium and Nickel and moderately polluted to Cobalt. Sequential extraction method has indicated that more than 50% of Nickel and Chromium concentration in intercahnageable phase. On the other hand ophiolitic rocks and Chromit mining leads releasing of these elements in the area. Though, as far as it gets away from ophiolitic rocks these elements concentration will be decreased. Also element speciation in different phases reveals that the rest elements have concentrated in residual phases and have a lithogenic source.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Rahmati Elkhchi, 1998, Geological map 1: 100000 Joghatay, Geological Survey of Iran. (In Persian)
Tokalioglu,S., Kartal,S., Birol,G., 2003. Application of a three-stage sequential extraction procedure for the determination of extractable metal contents in highway soils. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27, 333-346.
Shajan, K.P., 2001, 'Geochemistry of Bottom sediments from a River- Estuary- Shelf Mixing Zone on the tropical Southwest Coast of India.Bull", Geo1. Surv. Japan, Vol.52, No. 8, pp. 371-382
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Boruvka L., Vacek O., Jehlicka, J., 2005. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin of potentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma 128: 289-300.
Ruiz-Corets E., Reinoso R., Diaz-Barrientos E., Madrid, l., 2005. Concentrations of potentially toxic metals in urban soils of Seville: relationship with different land uses. Environmental Geochemistry and Health (2005) 27:465-474.
Wang X. S., Qin, Y., Sang S. X., 2005. Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China. Environmental Geology: 48:101-107.
Zhang, C., Fay, D., McGrath, D., Grennan, E., Carton, O. T., 2008. Statical analyses of geochemical variables in soils of Ireland. Geoderma 146. 378-390.
Anagnostou, Ch., Kaberi, H., Karageorgis, A., 1997."Environmental impact on the surface sediments of the bay and the gulf of Thessaloniki (Greece) according to the geoaccumulation index classification", InternationalConference on Water Pollution: 269–275.
Müller, G., 1969, "Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River", Geol. J., Vol. 2 (3): 108-118.
Sam, S., 2011, Investigation of geochemical distribution of pollutants in the sediments of Maharloo Lake from an environmental perspective, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, 300 p. (In Persian)
Lu, X., Wang, L., Lei, K., Huang, J. Zhai, Y., 2009, "Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China", Journal of Hazardous Material, Vol. 161 (2-3): 1058-1562
Abrahim, G. M. S. Parker, R. J., 2008. "Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland, New Zealand", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 136 (1-3): 227-38.
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Klerks, P. L. Levinton, J. S., 1989. "Rapid evolution of metal resistance in a benthic oligochaete inhabiting ametal-polluted site", Biological Bulletin, Vol. 176 (2):135-141.
Zhang, J., Liu, C. L., 2002. "Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China –Weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes", Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 54 (2):1051–1070.
Acosta, J. A., Faz, A., Mrtinez, S. M., 2009- Identification of heavy metal sources by multivariable analysis in a typical Mediterranean city (SE Spain),Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-1194-0
Hesu, Z. Y., 2006. Extractability and bioavailability of zinc over time in tree tropical soils incubated with biosolids. Chemosphere, 63, 762-771
Mason, B. and Moore, C.B., 1985. Principles of geochemistry. LWW.
_||_
Kelly, J. and Thornton, I., 1996, "Urban geochemistry: astudy of the influence of anthropogenic activity on theheavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial andnon-industrial areas of Britain",Applied.Geochemistry,Vol. 11 (1-2): 363-370.
Merian, E., Anke, M., Ihnat, M., and Stoeppler, M., 2004. Elements and their compounds in the environment, John Willey,1170p.
Sharifian Attar, Reza., Mazhari, Seyed Ali., Mazlumi Bajestani, Alireza., 2013, Heavy geochemical metals in ophiolite plains: A case study of Davarzan region, west of Sabzevar, The first conference on applied geochemistry in Iran. (In Persian)
Darvishzadeh, Ali., 1991, Geology of Iran, Danesh-e-Amrooz Publishing. (In Persian)
Vatanpour, H., Khakzad, A., Vosoughi Abedini, M., Alavi, A., Qaderi, M., Yousefi, A., 2007, Geochemistry of chromite deposits in the west of Sabzevar ophiolite belt, the first congress of applied geology in Iran. (In Persian)
Vatanpour, H., Aftabi, A., 1998, Investigation of the important types of texture and structure of Sabzevar chromite deposits (Gaft and Forumad region), Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, Vol 23 No24 . (In Persian)
Rahmati Elkhchi, 1998, Geological map 1: 100000 Joghatay, Geological Survey of Iran. (In Persian)
Tokalioglu,S., Kartal,S., Birol,G., 2003. Application of a three-stage sequential extraction procedure for the determination of extractable metal contents in highway soils. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27, 333-346.
Shajan, K.P., 2001, 'Geochemistry of Bottom sediments from a River- Estuary- Shelf Mixing Zone on the tropical Southwest Coast of India.Bull", Geo1. Surv. Japan, Vol.52, No. 8, pp. 371-382
Kabata-Pendias A., Mukherjee, A. B., 2007.Trace Elements from Soil to Human, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Boruvka L., Vacek O., Jehlicka, J., 2005. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin of potentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma 128: 289-300.
Ruiz-Corets E., Reinoso R., Diaz-Barrientos E., Madrid, l., 2005. Concentrations of potentially toxic metals in urban soils of Seville: relationship with different land uses. Environmental Geochemistry and Health (2005) 27:465-474.
Wang X. S., Qin, Y., Sang S. X., 2005. Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China. Environmental Geology: 48:101-107.
Zhang, C., Fay, D., McGrath, D., Grennan, E., Carton, O. T., 2008. Statical analyses of geochemical variables in soils of Ireland. Geoderma 146. 378-390.
Anagnostou, Ch., Kaberi, H., Karageorgis, A., 1997."Environmental impact on the surface sediments of the bay and the gulf of Thessaloniki (Greece) according to the geoaccumulation index classification", InternationalConference on Water Pollution: 269–275.
Müller, G., 1969, "Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River", Geol. J., Vol. 2 (3): 108-118.
Sam, S., 2011, Investigation of geochemical distribution of pollutants in the sediments of Maharloo Lake from an environmental perspective, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, 300 p. (In Persian)
Lu, X., Wang, L., Lei, K., Huang, J. Zhai, Y., 2009, "Contamination assessment of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji, NW China", Journal of Hazardous Material, Vol. 161 (2-3): 1058-1562
Abrahim, G. M. S. Parker, R. J., 2008. "Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland, New Zealand", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 136 (1-3): 227-38.
Eby, G. N., 2004, "Principle of environmental geochemistry", Thompson, 515 pp.
Klerks, P. L. Levinton, J. S., 1989. "Rapid evolution of metal resistance in a benthic oligochaete inhabiting ametal-polluted site", Biological Bulletin, Vol. 176 (2):135-141.
Zhang, J., Liu, C. L., 2002. "Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China –Weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes", Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 54 (2):1051–1070.
Acosta, J. A., Faz, A., Mrtinez, S. M., 2009- Identification of heavy metal sources by multivariable analysis in a typical Mediterranean city (SE Spain),Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-1194-0
Hesu, Z. Y., 2006. Extractability and bioavailability of zinc over time in tree tropical soils incubated with biosolids. Chemosphere, 63, 762-771
Mason, B. and Moore, C.B., 1985. Principles of geochemistry. LWW.
