کاربرد تکنیک کداس در تاثیرگذاری برخی از پارامترهای اقلیمی بر روی ابنیه‌های تاریخی (مطالعه‌موردی: کلانشهر اهواز)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی
احمدرضا کابلی
1
,
باقر کریمی
2
,
جمال الدین مهدی نژاد درزی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پارامترهای اقلیمی, ابنیه‌های تاریخی, کلان‌شهراهواز, تکنیک کداس.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: اقلیم بیانگر تاثیر متقابل عناصری چون تابش، دما و رطوبت، وزش باد و میزان بارندگی بر معماری بناها می‌باشد. نتیجه این تاثیرات، باعث تغییر در فرم، سازماندهی فضاها و تناسبات حاکم بر فضاهای داخلی کلی ساختمان‌ها و سازه‌ها شده است. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی میزان اهمیت و تاثیر چهار پارامتر اقلیمی؛ تابش، بارش، دما و رطوبت بر روی ساخت چهار بنای: ساختمان سیلو، دانشکده سه‌گوش، دانشسرای مقدماتی و دبیرستان شاپورسابق که در دوره پهلوی در کلانشهر اهواز احداث شده می‌باشد.
روش بررسی: از نظر هدف کاربردي و بر اساس روش تحقیق توصیفی- پیمایشی است. داده‌های تحقیق براساس پرسشنامه جمع آوری و برای ارزیابی پایایی آن، از روش کرونباخ استفاده شده است. نوع نمونه‌گیری از طریق روش گلوله‌برفی و تعداد نمونه 31 نفر از کارشناسان‌خبره بوده است. انجام این پژوهش در سال 1399 و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون کلموگروف – اسمیرنوف و آزمون علامت و همچنین تکنیک کداس انجام شده است.
یافته‌ها: براساس آزمون علامت میزان اهمیت دو شاخص تابش و دما در ساخت بنای دانشکده سه گوش با میانگین 32/4 و 38/4 بالاتر از سایر بناها بوده که گویای تاثیرگذاری بیشتر این دو شاخص بر روی آن بنا می‌باشد. یافته‌های بدست آمده از مدل کداس نیز نشان می‌دهد: به ترتیب بنای دانشکده سه گوش، دبیرستان شاهپور سابق، دانشسرای مقدماتی و سیلو از نظر تاثیرگذاری پارامتر اقلیمی انتخابی پژوهش بر روی ساخت آنها در رتبه اول تا چهارم قرار گرفته اند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: شناخت و نقش پارامترهای اقلیمی هر منطقه جغرافیایی مهم‌ترین عامل در ایجاد آسایش حرارتی کاربران ابنیه‌ها است. این نقش در طراحی تمام بناها و شکل دهی به سکونتگاه های انسانی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. از سویی تغییرات اقلیمی امروزه حاصل کنش متقابل عوامل پیچیده و کمتر شناخته شدهای است که بر روی پایداری معماری تاثیرگذار است. زیرا در معماری پایدار از لحاظ کالبدی بدون توجه به اصول و مبانی ایستایی و مقاومت ابنیه و اقلیم، هیچ بنایی نمی‌تواند ساخته شود. دگرگونی این عوامل، مسایل زیست محیطی بی شماری را به دنبال داشته است که همگی ناشی از بی‌توجهی به تغییر فضا، زمان و انرژی به عنوان منابع تاثیرگذار بوده که در نهایت سبب ناپایداری در معماری ابنیه گشته است.
Background & Objective: Climate indicates the interaction of some elements such as radiation, temperature and humidity, wind and rainfall on the architecture of the buildings. The result of these effects is a change in the form, organization of spaces and the proportions that govern the overall interior spaces of buildings and constructs. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the importance and impact of four climatic parameters of radiation, precipitation, temperature and humidity on the construction of four buildings: Silo Building, triangular faculty, preparatory Teacher-training School and former Shapoor High School, which was built during the Pahlavi period in Ahvaz.
Material and Methodology: In terms of purpose, this research is applied and it is descriptive in terms of methodology. Research data was collected based on a questionnaire and Cronbach's method was used to evaluate its reliability. Sampling was based on snowball method and 31 experts were selected as samples. This research was conducted in 2020 and data analysis was performed using SPSS software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, sign test and CODAS technique.
Findings: After preparing the polymer layer, the morphology and diameter of the nanofibers were determined by scanning electron microscopy and the average diameter of the nanofibers prepared under optimal conditions was 80 nm. Examination of the antimicrobial activity of this coating showed that this structure shows a significant antimicrobial effect on bacteria, so that the highest antimicrobial effect was observed on the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 14 mm.
Discussion and conclusion: The creativity of using climatic parameters in the architecture of historic buildings and taking into account the environmental conditions and design features and the characteristics of the materials used in these buildings are important factors in recognizing the traditional Iranian architecture as a complete manifestation of harmonious architecture or climate. On the other
hand, today, climate changes are the result of the interaction of complex and less known factors that affect the sustainability of architecture. In the regards, no building can be constructed without considering the principles and foundations of statics and the resistance of buildings and climate in the sustainable architecture physically. The transformation of these factors has led to numerous environmental problems, all of which have resulted from the neglectance of changing space, time, and energy as influential resources; it has ultimately led to instability in the architecture of buildings.
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