پیشبینی اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر دما و بارش با استفاده از مدلهای گردش عمومی جو، راهکاری برای کشاورزی پایدار (مطالعهی موردی: شهرستان کرمانشاه)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت بلایای طبیعی
سمیره صی محمدی
1
,
محسن توکلی
2
,
کیومرث زرافشانی
3
,
حسین مهدی زاده
4
,
فرزاد امیری
5
1 - دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
5 - استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه صنعتی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/27
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01
کلید واژه:
HadCM3,
پیشبینی,
مدلهای گردش عمومی هوا(GCM),
تغییرات اقلیمی,
.SDSM,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نگرانی در مورد تغییرات آب و هوا و اثرات آن بر جنبه های مختلف زندگی انسان در تولید به طور کلی و کشاورزی به طورخاص در حال رشد است، لذا هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی و پیش بینی اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر دما و بارش در شهرستان کرمانشاه است. روش بررسی: واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی داده ها با استفاده از مدل HadCM3 برای داده های روزانه دما و بارش از سال 1961 تا 2001 انجام شد، بدین صورت که از داده های سال 1961 تا 1990 برای دوره واسنجی و از سال 1991 تا 2001 برای اعتبارسنجی استفاده شد. به منظور ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری داده های بزرگ مقیاس مدل گردش عمومی هوا از نرم افزار SDSM4.2 استفاده شد. یافته ها: اختلاف کم بین داده های مشاهداتی و شبیه سازی شده در دوره واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی نشان داد که انطباق قابل قبولی بین داده های مشاهداتی و شبیه سازی شده توسط مدل وجود دارد. لذا با توجه به این مورد، قابلیت و توانایی مدل در داده سازی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه از سناریوی انتشار A2 برای مدل سازی تغییرات اقلیمی در سه دوره سی ساله (2020، 2050 و 2070) استفاده شد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: طبق مدل شبیه سازی شده، بارش روند کاهشی و دما روند افزایشی خواهد داشت، لذا نتایج این مطالعه می تواند برای مدل های بهینه تخصیص کاربری اراضی کشاورزی به کار رود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: Concern about climate change and its effects on various aspects of human life in general and agricultural production in particular is growing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess and predict of climate change induced temperature and precipitation of Kermanshah township.Method: The calibration and validation of the HadCM3 model was performed 1961-2001 of daily temperature and precipitation. The data on temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 1990 were used for calibration whereas data from 1991 to 2001 were used for model validation. SDSM version 4.2 as a downscaling model used to downscale general circulation models to station scales. Findings: The least difference between observed data and simulation data during calibration and validation showed that the parameter was precisely modeled for most of the year. This study under A2 scenario, three time periods (2020, 2050, 2080) were simulated. Discussion and Conclusion: According to our simulated model, precipitation showed a decreasing trend whereas temperature showed an increasing trend. The result of this study can also be used as an optimal model for land allocation in agriculture.
منابع و مأخذ:
Mc Carthy, J.J., Canziani, O, F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J., White, K.S. 2001. Impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on climate change. Working Group II. Cambridge University Press, P.45.
Kurkulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., Benhin, J., Deressa, T., Diop, M., Dinar, A.2006. Will African agriculture survive Climate change? The world Bank Economic Review, (293), 367-388.
Nasiri Mahalati, M., Kocheki, E., Kamali, GH., maashi, H. 2006. Investigation of climatic effects on climatic indicators of Iranian farmers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7), 71-82.(In Persian)
Sharafi, L., Zarafshani, K. 2011. Vulnerability assessment, starting point of risk management in drought Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab, Islamabad Gharb, Javanrood. Journal of Regional Planning, 1(1), 41-54. (In Persian)
Babaiian, I. 2013. Introducing the HadCM3 public air circulation model. Climate Dialogue Blog(http:// climate.mihanblog.com/post/101). (In Persian) Bayati abi, A., Tavakoli, M., Babaiian, I., Dargahiian, F. 2014. Evaluation and application of two models of general air circulation (HadCM3 and MPEH5) to predict climate change in Khorramabad station. Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. (In Persian)
Grodon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C.A., Banks, H., Greogory, J.M., Johns, T.C., Mitchell, J.F.B., Wood, R.A. 2000. The simulation of SST, sea ice extens and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dynamic. 16, 147-168.
Pope, V.D., Gallani, M.L., Rowntree, P.R., Stratton, R. A.2000. The impact of new physical parameterization in Hadley Centre Climate Model, HadAM3. Climate Dynamics, 16,123-146.
Shakarami, N., Mashah Bavani, e., Morid, Fahmi, H. 2007. Uncertainty Analysis of Paired Ocean-Atmospheric-General Atmospheric Circulation Models on Temperature and Rainfall Climate Change Scenarios in Zayandehrud Basin, Technical workshop on the effects of climate change on water resources management. National Committee for Irrigation and Drainage of Iran. (In Persian) Farzaneh, M. R., Samadi, R., Akbarpour, A., Eslamiyan, S.S. 2010. Selection of suitable GCM for North Karun Basin to study the effects of climate change. Sixth National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering and Fourth National Conference on Erosion and Sediment, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri, M., Soltani, A., Sharifi, H., Ghorbani, R. 2006. Effects of climate change on growth criteria and yield of sunflower and chickpea crops in iran. Climate Research. 30, 247-253.
Ebrahimpour, M., Rostaii, M., Ghahraman, N. 2011. Evaluation of the effect of climate change on effective evapotranspiration (Case study: Kerman). Eleventh National Seminar on Irrigation. (In Persian) Taii smiromi, S., Moradi, H.R., Khodaghli, M. 2014. Simulation and forecasting of some climatic variables by SDSM multiple linear model and general atmospheric circulation models (Case study: Neishabour Bar watershed). Human and Environment Quarterly. 28, 1-16. (In Persian)
Roy, K., Rahman, M., Kuman, U. 2009. Future climate change and moisture stress: Impact on crop agriculture in south- western Bangladesh. Climate change and development perspective. 1(1), 1-8.
Abdo, K.S., Fiseha, B.M., Rientjes, T.H.M., Gieske, A.S.M., Haile, A.T. 2009. Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana Basin. Ethiopia. Hydrological Process. Published online in Wiley InterScience.
Wilby, R.L., Dettinger, M.D. 2000. Streamflow changes in Sierra Nevada, Clifornia, simulated using a statistically downscaled general circulation model scenario of climate change, linking climate change and land surface change. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands. P, 120.
Atari, J. 2011. Evaluation of SDSM model capability in exponential microscale of precipitation, temperature and evaporation (Case study: Tabriz Synoptic Station). Eleventh National Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. (In Persian)
_||_
Mc Carthy, J.J., Canziani, O, F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J., White, K.S. 2001. Impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on climate change. Working Group II. Cambridge University Press, P.45.
Kurkulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., Benhin, J., Deressa, T., Diop, M., Dinar, A.2006. Will African agriculture survive Climate change? The world Bank Economic Review, (293), 367-388.
Nasiri Mahalati, M., Kocheki, E., Kamali, GH., maashi, H. 2006. Investigation of climatic effects on climatic indicators of Iranian farmers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7), 71-82.(In Persian)
Sharafi, L., Zarafshani, K. 2011. Vulnerability assessment, starting point of risk management in drought Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab, Islamabad Gharb, Javanrood. Journal of Regional Planning, 1(1), 41-54. (In Persian)
Babaiian, I. 2013. Introducing the HadCM3 public air circulation model. Climate Dialogue Blog(http:// climate.mihanblog.com/post/101). (In Persian) Bayati abi, A., Tavakoli, M., Babaiian, I., Dargahiian, F. 2014. Evaluation and application of two models of general air circulation (HadCM3 and MPEH5) to predict climate change in Khorramabad station. Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. (In Persian)
Grodon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C.A., Banks, H., Greogory, J.M., Johns, T.C., Mitchell, J.F.B., Wood, R.A. 2000. The simulation of SST, sea ice extens and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dynamic. 16, 147-168.
Pope, V.D., Gallani, M.L., Rowntree, P.R., Stratton, R. A.2000. The impact of new physical parameterization in Hadley Centre Climate Model, HadAM3. Climate Dynamics, 16,123-146.
Shakarami, N., Mashah Bavani, e., Morid, Fahmi, H. 2007. Uncertainty Analysis of Paired Ocean-Atmospheric-General Atmospheric Circulation Models on Temperature and Rainfall Climate Change Scenarios in Zayandehrud Basin, Technical workshop on the effects of climate change on water resources management. National Committee for Irrigation and Drainage of Iran. (In Persian) Farzaneh, M. R., Samadi, R., Akbarpour, A., Eslamiyan, S.S. 2010. Selection of suitable GCM for North Karun Basin to study the effects of climate change. Sixth National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering and Fourth National Conference on Erosion and Sediment, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri, M., Soltani, A., Sharifi, H., Ghorbani, R. 2006. Effects of climate change on growth criteria and yield of sunflower and chickpea crops in iran. Climate Research. 30, 247-253.
Ebrahimpour, M., Rostaii, M., Ghahraman, N. 2011. Evaluation of the effect of climate change on effective evapotranspiration (Case study: Kerman). Eleventh National Seminar on Irrigation. (In Persian) Taii smiromi, S., Moradi, H.R., Khodaghli, M. 2014. Simulation and forecasting of some climatic variables by SDSM multiple linear model and general atmospheric circulation models (Case study: Neishabour Bar watershed). Human and Environment Quarterly. 28, 1-16. (In Persian)
Roy, K., Rahman, M., Kuman, U. 2009. Future climate change and moisture stress: Impact on crop agriculture in south- western Bangladesh. Climate change and development perspective. 1(1), 1-8.
Abdo, K.S., Fiseha, B.M., Rientjes, T.H.M., Gieske, A.S.M., Haile, A.T. 2009. Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana Basin. Ethiopia. Hydrological Process. Published online in Wiley InterScience.
Wilby, R.L., Dettinger, M.D. 2000. Streamflow changes in Sierra Nevada, Clifornia, simulated using a statistically downscaled general circulation model scenario of climate change, linking climate change and land surface change. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands. P, 120.
Atari, J. 2011. Evaluation of SDSM model capability in exponential microscale of precipitation, temperature and evaporation (Case study: Tabriz Synoptic Station). Eleventh National Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. (In Persian)