ارزیابی راهبردهای بازاریابی پایداریِ اکوتوریسم در مناطق آزاد ایران: (مطالعه موردی منطقه آزاد اَروند)
محورهای موضوعی :
توسعه پایدار
نسرین ذبیحی سامانی
1
,
عبدالهادی درزیان عزیزی
2
,
بلقیس باورصاد
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد بین المللی خرمشهر ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرمشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/02/11
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/01
کلید واژه:
منطقه آزاد اَروند,
راهبردهای بازاریابی پایدار,
اکوتوریسم,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: وجودِ راهبردهایِ بازاریابی میتواند سطحِ جذابیتهای گردشگری را، بیشتر برای مخاطبان آن تصویرسازی نماید تا از این طریق این صنعت در نظام اقتصادی نقش تعیین کننده ای در تولید ناخالص داخلی داشته باشد. هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی راهبردهای بازاریابی پایداریِ اکوتوریسم در منطقه آزاد اَروند میباشد.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش به لحاظِ روش شناسی و از منظر نتیجه جزء پژوهشهای توسعه ای و از نظر نوع داده جزء پژوهش های ترکیبی می باشد. در این پژوهش در بخش کیفی ابتدا پژوهشهای مرتبط با موضوع مورد نظر از طریق تحلیل فراترکیب موردِ کنکاش قرار گرفت تا براساس آن مضامینِ راهبردیِ بازاریابی پایدارِ اکوتوریسم مشخص شوند. سپس براساس تحلیل دلفی تلاش گردید تا سطح پایایی محتوای ِ پژوهش با مضامین شناسایی شده مورد تایید قرار گیرد. در نهایت نیز در بخش کمی، از طریقِ تحلیلِ تفسیری ساختاری پژوهش نسبت به ارزیابیِ مضامینِ راهبردیِ بازاریابی پایدارِ اکوتوریسم اقدام شد. جامعه هدف در بخش کیفی ۱۲ نفر از متخصصانِ بازاریابی در سطح دانشگاهی و در بخش کمی ۱۸ نفر از مدیرانِ و معاونانِ بخش گردشگری و فرهنگی سازمان منطقه آزاد اَروند، بودند. همچنین باید بیان نمود، بازه زمانی انجام پژوهش نیز شش ماه میباشد.
یافتهها: نتایج پژوهش در بخش کیفی نشان داد از مجموع ۱۱ پژوهش اولیه تایید شده، ۷ پژوهش برای شناسایی مضامین بازاریابی پایدار اکوتوریسم انتخاب شدند که از طریق غربالگری محتوایی، ۱۰ مضمون شناسایی شد تا برای تعیین پایایی آنها، وارد تحلیل دلفی شوند. در این بخش نیز ۸ مضمونِ نهایی وارد بخش تحلیل کمی شدند. نتایج در بخش کمی نشان داد، تاثیرگذارترین مضمونِ راهبردیِ بازاریابی پایدارِ اکوتوریسم، به کارگیریِ آموزش در بازیافت؛ مدیریت مصرف آب و غیره در بازاریابی پایدارِ اکوتوریسم میباشد که در سطح چهارم این مدل قرار گرفته است.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: نتیجه پژوهش نشان میدهد، بازاریابی در شکل توسعهی پایداریِ اکوتوریسم بر جنبههایی از ارتقایِ سطح دانش و آگاهی مخاطبان خود متمرکز است که میتواند احساسِ مسئولیت اجتماعی و تعهد در برابر حفاظت از محیطزیست را در دوستداران این حوزه از برنامههای بازاریابی تقویت نماید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: The Purpose of this research is Evaluation of Ecotourism Sustainability Marketing Strategies in Arvand Free Zone.
Material and Methodology: In this study, in the qualitative section, first, researches related to the subject were explored through meta-analysis in order to determine the strategic themes of sustainable ecotourism marketing. Then, based on Delphi analysis, an attempt was made to confirm the level of reliability of the research content with the identified themes. Finally, in a small part, through structural interpretive analysis, the research evaluated the strategic themes of sustainable ecotourism marketing.
Findings: The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that out of a total of 11 initially approved researches, 7 researches were selected to identify sustainable ecotourism marketing themes. Through content screening, 10 themes were identified to enter Delphi analysis to determine their reliability. In this section, 8 final themes were included in the quantitative analysis section. The results in the quantitative section showed that the most effective strategic theme of sustainable ecotourism marketing is the use of education in recycling; Water consumption management, etc. in sustainable ecotourism marketing is at the fourth level of this model.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that marketing in the form of sustainable development of ecotourism focuses on aspects of raising the level of knowledge and awareness of its audience that can strengthen the sense of social responsibility and commitment to environmental protection in lovers of this field of marketing programs.
منابع و مأخذ:
Kazemi, M, R., Shahmari Erdejani, R., Hasanimehr, S, S., Pourshikhan, A. (2021). Explaining the capacities and fields of sustainable rural development with emphasis on natural tourism in the villages of Bandar Anzali city, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 13(3): 904-922. (In Persin)
Modabber Khaknezhad, A., Hosseinzadeh Dalir, K., ezatpanah, B. (2021). Evaluation of management drives impacts on development of historical-cultural tourism (Case study: Tabriz metropolis). Geography and Planning, 25(77): 219-230. (In Persian)
Quynh, N., Hoai, N.T. and Loi, N.V. (2021). The Role of Emotional Experience and Destination Image on Ecotourism Satisfaction, Spanish Journal of Marketing (ESIC), 25(2): 312-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-04-2020-0055
Pham, H.S.T. and Khanh, C.N.T. (2021). Ecotourism intention: the roles of environmental concern, time perspective and destination image, Tourism Review, 76(5): 1141-1153. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2019-0363
D’Souza, C., Taghian, M., Marjoribanks, T., Sullivan-Mort, G., Manirujjaman, M, D., Singaraju, S. (2019). Sustainability for ecotourism: work identity and role of community capacity building, Tourism Recreation Research, 44(4): 533-549, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1654727
Toulabi Nejad, M., Poodineh, M. (2020). Investigating the Effects of Ecotourism Development on the Sustainability of Livelihoods Activities and Rural Households (Case Study: Khorram-Abad Papee Division). Geographic Thought, 11(22): 97-118. (In Persian)
Eddyono, F., Darusman, D., Sumarwan, U. and Sunarminto, F. (2021). Optimization Model: The Innovation and Future of E-Ecotourism for Sustainability, Journal of Tourism Futures, https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2021-0067
Grosbois, D., Fennell, D, A. (2021). Sustainability and Ecotourism Principles Adoption by Leading Ecologies: Learning from Best Practices, Tourism Recreation Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1875170
Grêt-Regamey, A., Brunner, S. H., Kienast, F. (2012). Mountain ecosystem services: who cares? Mountain Research and Development, 32(1): 12-23.
Shi, F., Weaver, D., Zhao, Y., Huang, M. F., Tang, C., & Liu, Y. (2019). Toward an Ecological Civilization: Mass Comprehensive Ecotourism Indications among Domestic Visitors to a Chinese Wetland Protected Area. Tourism Management, 70(2): 59-68.
Dangi, T. B., Gribb, W. J. (2018). Sustainable Ecotourism Management and Visitor Experiences Managing Conflicting Perspectives in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. Journal of Ecotourism, 17(3): 338-358.
Masud, M. M., Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., Azam, M. N. (2017). Community-based Ecotourism Management for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas in Malaysia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 136(2): 104-112.
Howitt, J., Mason, C. W. (2018). Ecotourism and Sustainable Rural Development in Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 13(1): 93-119.
Boroumand, A., Karimi, A. (2021). Re-conceptualizing and presenting a conceptual model for sustainable ecotourism based on public participation. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 6(1): 3419-3433. (In Persian)
Alvarado-Herrera, A., Rodríguez-Soberanis, L.J. and Herrera-Medina, H.R. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, reputation and visitors’ commitment as resources for public policies’ design for protected areas for tourism sustainable exploitation, Social Responsibility Journal, 16(4): 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2018-0172
Donohe, H, M., Needham, R, D. (2008). Internet-based Ecotourism Marketing: Evaluating Canadian Sensitivity to Ecotourism Tenets, Journal of Ecotourism, 7(1): 15-43. https://doi.org/10.2167/joe185.0
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Sangpikul, A. (2010). Marketing Ecotourism Through the Internet: A Case of Ecotourism Business in Thailand, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 11:2, 107-137, https://doi.org/10.1080/15256481003732782
Nassimi, M., Rezaei, A., Vazifeh Dust, H., Aalehi Amiri, S., Aziz Abadi Farehani, F. (2019). Tourism marketing mix model designed with an emphasis on loyalty stakeholders. Urban Tourism, 6(1): 47-66. https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2018.256476.474 (In Persin)
Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., & Kazmi, A.A. (2013). Sustainability Marketing Strategy: An Analysis of Recent Literature. Global Business Review, 14(4): 601–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150913501598
Singh, M. D., & Kant, R (2011). Knowledge management barriers: An interpretive structural modeling approach. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 3(2): 10-19.
Ramesh, A., Banwet, D.K., Shankar, R (2010). Modeling the Barriers of Supply Chain Collaboration, Journal of Modelling in Management, 5(2): 176–193.
Attri, R., Dev, N., Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach: An Overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(2): 6-19.
Ajagunna, I., Bello, M. and Arowolo, S. (2020). Towards sustainable tourism for Ikare: the role of the Tourism Action Club, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(1): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-10-2019-0064
MacKenzie, N. and Gannon, M.J. (2019). Exploring the antecedents of sustainable tourism development, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(6): 2411-2427. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2018-0384
Lunde, M, B. (2018). Sustainability in marketing: a systematic review unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (1997–2016), AMS Review, 8(2): 85-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-018-0124-0
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Kazemi, M, R., Shahmari Erdejani, R., Hasanimehr, S, S., Pourshikhan, A. (2021). Explaining the capacities and fields of sustainable rural development with emphasis on natural tourism in the villages of Bandar Anzali city, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 13(3): 904-922. (In Persin)
Modabber Khaknezhad, A., Hosseinzadeh Dalir, K., ezatpanah, B. (2021). Evaluation of management drives impacts on development of historical-cultural tourism (Case study: Tabriz metropolis). Geography and Planning, 25(77): 219-230. (In Persian)
Quynh, N., Hoai, N.T. and Loi, N.V. (2021). The Role of Emotional Experience and Destination Image on Ecotourism Satisfaction, Spanish Journal of Marketing (ESIC), 25(2): 312-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-04-2020-0055
Pham, H.S.T. and Khanh, C.N.T. (2021). Ecotourism intention: the roles of environmental concern, time perspective and destination image, Tourism Review, 76(5): 1141-1153. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2019-0363
D’Souza, C., Taghian, M., Marjoribanks, T., Sullivan-Mort, G., Manirujjaman, M, D., Singaraju, S. (2019). Sustainability for ecotourism: work identity and role of community capacity building, Tourism Recreation Research, 44(4): 533-549, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1654727
Toulabi Nejad, M., Poodineh, M. (2020). Investigating the Effects of Ecotourism Development on the Sustainability of Livelihoods Activities and Rural Households (Case Study: Khorram-Abad Papee Division). Geographic Thought, 11(22): 97-118. (In Persian)
Eddyono, F., Darusman, D., Sumarwan, U. and Sunarminto, F. (2021). Optimization Model: The Innovation and Future of E-Ecotourism for Sustainability, Journal of Tourism Futures, https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2021-0067
Grosbois, D., Fennell, D, A. (2021). Sustainability and Ecotourism Principles Adoption by Leading Ecologies: Learning from Best Practices, Tourism Recreation Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1875170
Grêt-Regamey, A., Brunner, S. H., Kienast, F. (2012). Mountain ecosystem services: who cares? Mountain Research and Development, 32(1): 12-23.
Shi, F., Weaver, D., Zhao, Y., Huang, M. F., Tang, C., & Liu, Y. (2019). Toward an Ecological Civilization: Mass Comprehensive Ecotourism Indications among Domestic Visitors to a Chinese Wetland Protected Area. Tourism Management, 70(2): 59-68.
Dangi, T. B., Gribb, W. J. (2018). Sustainable Ecotourism Management and Visitor Experiences Managing Conflicting Perspectives in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. Journal of Ecotourism, 17(3): 338-358.
Masud, M. M., Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., Azam, M. N. (2017). Community-based Ecotourism Management for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas in Malaysia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 136(2): 104-112.
Howitt, J., Mason, C. W. (2018). Ecotourism and Sustainable Rural Development in Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 13(1): 93-119.
Boroumand, A., Karimi, A. (2021). Re-conceptualizing and presenting a conceptual model for sustainable ecotourism based on public participation. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 6(1): 3419-3433. (In Persian)
Alvarado-Herrera, A., Rodríguez-Soberanis, L.J. and Herrera-Medina, H.R. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, reputation and visitors’ commitment as resources for public policies’ design for protected areas for tourism sustainable exploitation, Social Responsibility Journal, 16(4): 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2018-0172
Donohe, H, M., Needham, R, D. (2008). Internet-based Ecotourism Marketing: Evaluating Canadian Sensitivity to Ecotourism Tenets, Journal of Ecotourism, 7(1): 15-43. https://doi.org/10.2167/joe185.0
Massi, M. and De Nisco, A. (2018). The Internet-Based Marketing of Ecotourism: Are Eco-Tourists Really Getting What They Want?, Camilleri, M.A. (Ed.) Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 161-182.
Sangpikul, A. (2010). Marketing Ecotourism Through the Internet: A Case of Ecotourism Business in Thailand, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 11:2, 107-137, https://doi.org/10.1080/15256481003732782
Nassimi, M., Rezaei, A., Vazifeh Dust, H., Aalehi Amiri, S., Aziz Abadi Farehani, F. (2019). Tourism marketing mix model designed with an emphasis on loyalty stakeholders. Urban Tourism, 6(1): 47-66. https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2018.256476.474 (In Persin)
Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., & Kazmi, A.A. (2013). Sustainability Marketing Strategy: An Analysis of Recent Literature. Global Business Review, 14(4): 601–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150913501598
Singh, M. D., & Kant, R (2011). Knowledge management barriers: An interpretive structural modeling approach. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 3(2): 10-19.
Ramesh, A., Banwet, D.K., Shankar, R (2010). Modeling the Barriers of Supply Chain Collaboration, Journal of Modelling in Management, 5(2): 176–193.
Attri, R., Dev, N., Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach: An Overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(2): 6-19.
Ajagunna, I., Bello, M. and Arowolo, S. (2020). Towards sustainable tourism for Ikare: the role of the Tourism Action Club, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(1): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-10-2019-0064
MacKenzie, N. and Gannon, M.J. (2019). Exploring the antecedents of sustainable tourism development, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(6): 2411-2427. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2018-0384
Lunde, M, B. (2018). Sustainability in marketing: a systematic review unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (1997–2016), AMS Review, 8(2): 85-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-018-0124-0