اثرات احداث و بهره برداری سد مخزنی کرخه بر کاربری اراضی و کیفیت آب منطقه
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست
شهلا کعب زاده
1
,
جمال قدوسی
2
,
رضا ارجمندی
3
,
نعمت اله جعفرزاده حقیقی فرد
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیطزیست، دانشکده محیطزیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشکده محیطزیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشکده محیط زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران.
4 - مرکز تحقیقات فناوریهای زیستمحیطی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندیشاپور، اهواز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/18
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/01
کلید واژه:
تصاویر ماهوارهای,
مدل های رگرسیون چند متغیره,
سدهای بزرگ,
کاربری اراضی,
کیفیت آب,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: از مهم ترین پیامدهای احداث سد، تغییر کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن در تغییر کیفیت آب و بر هم خوردن تعادل اکوسیستم رودخانه ها در پایاب سدها است. در تحقیق حاضر رابطه بین تغییرات کاربری اراضی و کیفیت آب رودخانه در پایاب سد کرخه به عنوان عامل اثر گذار در بر هم خوردن تعادل اکوسیستم رودخانه کرخه تجزیه و تحلیل شده است.روش بررسی: روند تغییرات ادواری کاربری اراضی طی 5 دوره زمانی از سال های 1363 لغایت 1393 در منطقه با استفاده از تفسیر تصاویر ماهوارهای ادواری سنجنده لندست TM و ETM+ و تغییرات ادواری متناظر غلظت پارامترهای اندازه گیری شد و کیفیت آب رودخانه در پایاب سد کرخه بررسی شد.یافته ها: بعد از احداث سد، روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی تشدید شده و مقدار پارامترهای کیفیت آب افزایش یافته است. آزمون همبستگی بین تغییرات کاربری اراضی با پارامترهای کیفیت آب در بازه مورد مطالعه در پایاب سد نشان داد که همبستگی معنی دار آماری درسطح اطمینان 95درصد(05/0 =P) و 99درصد(01/0P= ) وجود دارد. رابطه بین تغییرات کاربری اراضی و تغییرات کیفیت آب رودخانه با استفاده از مدل های رگرسیون چند متغییره بررسی شد و نتایج آن بیانگر امکان پذیری پیشبینی یا برآورد حد آستانه مساحت قابل تخصیص به انواع کاربری ها در پایاب سد های بزرگ بود. کاربری زراعت آبی بیشترین تغییر را پس از احداث سد داشت. مساحت تحت پوشش اراضی آبی در زمان اجرای تحقیق 76درصد بود.بحث و نتیجه گیری: در مطالعه حاضر مشخص شد که وسعت مجاز تخصیص اراضی به زارعت آبی در منطقه برابر با 46 درصد مساحت حوضه آبریز پایاب سد کرخه است از این رو افزایش کاربری زراعت آبی عامل اصلی کاهش کیفیت آب رودخانه است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watershed of the Karkheh dam locating in the south-west of Iran to analyze influences of land use change resulting of construction of Karkheh dam on water quality of Karkheh river as one of the indicators for destruction of ecosystem balance of the study river.Method: In order to conduct the study periodical Land Sat TM and ETM+ images were used to assess land use change before and after construction of the dam. Comparative water quality data collected. Hydrometric station was also used to analyze possible existence of correlation and relationship between land use and water quality changes.Findings: Results of the study indicated that there is a significant correlation between land use change and water quality of the river in the low land of the Karkheh dam at confidence level of 95 and 99 per cent(p-value=0.05 and 0.01) Application of regression models to formulate relationships between area of different types of land use and amount of each one of the observed parameters of water quality indicated that increase in area of irrigated land due to the providing water is the main factor that tended to deterioration of water quality of rive trench in downstream of the Kharkheh Dam. While allowcated land for irrigated land in the study area is about 76%.Discussion and Conclusion: This study indicated that the allowed area allocated to irrigated agriculture was 46% of total basin of Karkheh dam`s downstream. Therefore, increasing irrigated agriculture use was the main reason for reducing the quality of river`s water.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Cooper, Arthur R. Infante, Dana M. Daniel, Wesley M. Wehrly, Kevin E. Wang c, Lizhu. Brenden, Travis O. 2017. Assessment of dam effects on streams and fish assemblages of the conterminous USA.Science of the Total Environment. 586: 879 – 889.
Azarang, F., Taloori, A.R, Sedigh, H., & Shafaee Bajestan, M. 2017. Investigating the effects of large dams construction on the flow and hydrologic parameters of river (A case study: downstream of reservoir dam). Water and Soil journal (agriculture science and industries). 31(1):1.(In Persian)
Wijesundara, C. J. Dayawansa, N. D. K. 2011. Construction of Large Dams and their Impact on Cultural Landscape: A Study in Victoria Reservoir and the Surrounding Area, Tropical Agricultural Research 22(1):211-219.
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De Baum,D. 2016. Strategies to Mitigate Environmemt Damages Caused by Dams. Utah State University.
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positivenegativeeffects.com. 2017 positive and Negative Effects of Dams.
Akindele, E. O., Indabawa, I. I. 2015. A review of the effects of dams on the hydrology, water quality and invertebrate fauna of some Nigerian freshwaters. The Zoologist, 13: 28-35
Bahroun Sofia. Chib, Warda., 2017. The quality surface water of the dam reservoir Mexa, Northeasr of Algeria. Journal of water and land development. 34:11-119
Salman,M.2017.Dams and their environmenttal impacts.MSc.Plant Biology and Biotecnology.
Chessman, B. Townsend, S. 2010. Differing effects of catchment land use on water chemistry explain contrasting behavior of a diatom index in tropical northern and temperate southern Australia, Ecological Indicators 10:620 - 626.
Taleb,A. Belaidi, N. and J Gagneur. 2004. Water quality before and after dam building on a heavily polluted river in semi-arid Algeria. River Res. Applic.Vol 20: pp 943–956
Hallajian, L., Arjmandi, R., & Ghodoosi, J. 2018. Determining environmental water right to optimize water ecosystem management in large dams downstream (A case study: Karkhe River at downstream of Kharkhe dam). Ph.D. dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Natural resources and environment faculty. (In Persian)
Ahearn, S. Sheibley, W. Dahlgren, R. A., Anderson, M. Johnson, J. Kennethw, T. 2005. Land use and land cover influence on water quality in the last free- flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada, California, Journal of Hydrology.313(3-4): 234- 247.
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Choi S, Yoon B, Woo H. 2005. Effect of dam-induced flow regime change on downstream river morphology and vegetation cover in the Hwang River, Korea, River Research and Application. 21(2-3):315 - 325.
Wildi, W. 2010. Environmental hazards of dams and reservoirs. TerreetEnvironnement. 88187–197.
Cooper, Arthur R. Infante, Dana M. Daniel, Wesley M. Wehrly, Kevin E. Wang c, Lizhu. Brenden, Travis O. 2017. Assessment of dam effects on streams and fish assemblages of the conterminous USA.Science of the Total Environment. 586: 879 – 889.
Azarang, F., Taloori, A.R, Sedigh, H., & Shafaee Bajestan, M. 2017. Investigating the effects of large dams construction on the flow and hydrologic parameters of river (A case study: downstream of reservoir dam). Water and Soil journal (agriculture science and industries). 31(1):1.(In Persian)
Wijesundara, C. J. Dayawansa, N. D. K. 2011. Construction of Large Dams and their Impact on Cultural Landscape: A Study in Victoria Reservoir and the Surrounding Area, Tropical Agricultural Research 22(1):211-219.
SaitTahmicioglu, M. Anul, N. Ekmekci, F. Durmus. N. 2007. Positive and negative impact of dams. International Congress on River Basin Management. 2: 759-769.
Pirestani, M.R., & Shafghati, M. 2009. The study of environmental effects of dam construction. Human geography research journal. 1st year, no. 3. Summer. (In Persian)
Awang, Halizah., Daud, Zawawi., Zainuri Mohd, Mohd. 2015. Hydrology Properties and Water Quality Assessment of the Sembrong Dam, Johor, Malaysia. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 195: 2868 – 2873.
De Baum,D. 2016. Strategies to Mitigate Environmemt Damages Caused by Dams. Utah State University.
Roff,N.L. and J.C.Schmidt.2016.How dams can go with the flow.J.Science.2026.
positivenegativeeffects.com. 2017 positive and Negative Effects of Dams.
Akindele, E. O., Indabawa, I. I. 2015. A review of the effects of dams on the hydrology, water quality and invertebrate fauna of some Nigerian freshwaters. The Zoologist, 13: 28-35
Bahroun Sofia. Chib, Warda., 2017. The quality surface water of the dam reservoir Mexa, Northeasr of Algeria. Journal of water and land development. 34:11-119
Salman,M.2017.Dams and their environmenttal impacts.MSc.Plant Biology and Biotecnology.
Chessman, B. Townsend, S. 2010. Differing effects of catchment land use on water chemistry explain contrasting behavior of a diatom index in tropical northern and temperate southern Australia, Ecological Indicators 10:620 - 626.
Taleb,A. Belaidi, N. and J Gagneur. 2004. Water quality before and after dam building on a heavily polluted river in semi-arid Algeria. River Res. Applic.Vol 20: pp 943–956
Hallajian, L., Arjmandi, R., & Ghodoosi, J. 2018. Determining environmental water right to optimize water ecosystem management in large dams downstream (A case study: Karkhe River at downstream of Kharkhe dam). Ph.D. dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Natural resources and environment faculty. (In Persian)
Ahearn, S. Sheibley, W. Dahlgren, R. A., Anderson, M. Johnson, J. Kennethw, T. 2005. Land use and land cover influence on water quality in the last free- flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada, California, Journal of Hydrology.313(3-4): 234- 247.