بررسی و تهیه نقشه بیابانزایی بر اساس مدل ایرانی ارزیابی پتانسیل بیابانزایی(IMDPA) با تأکید بر دو معیار خاک و پوشش گیاهی (مطالعه موردی: فاریاب-استان کرمان)
محورهای موضوعی : آمایش سرزمیناحسان کمالی مسکونی 1 , محمدامین کمالی 2 , علی خنامانی 3
1 - عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد جیرفت، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری رشته بیابانزدایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران.
3 - عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد جیرفت، ایران.
کلید واژه: پوشش گیاهی و حوزه فاریاب, بیابانزایی, تخریب اراضی, خاک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به مفهوم بیابان زایی که عبارت است از تخریب اراضی در نواحی خشک، نیمه خشک و نیمه مرطوب خشک ناشی از عوامل متعددی چون تغییرات اقلیمی و فعالیت های انسانی، این پدیده مدت هاست که یک مشکل جدی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی در بسیاری از کشور های شناخته شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی بیابان زایی شهرستان فاریاب در جنوب استان کرمان بااستفاده از روش ایرانی IMDPA می باشد. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی شدت بیابان زایی اراضی حوزه فاریاب در مناطق خشک جنوب استان کرمان با تأکید بر معیارهای خاک و پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از مدل ایرانی بیابان زایی صورت گرفت. با استفاده از این مدل امتیازات هر شاخص در معیار مربوطه مشخص و ارزش هر معیار با محاسبه میانگین هندسی امتیاز شاخص های آن مشخص گردید و پس از آن هر یک از معیارها به صورت لایه های اطلاعاتی وارد ArcGIS9.3 شدند. با روی هم گذاری و تلفیق لایه های رستری معیارهای مذکور و محاسبه میانگین هندسی معیارها بهکمک فرمول 2/1(VQI*SQI)DM= و تجزیه و تحلیل آن با استفاده از مدل IMDPA نقشه شدت بیابان زایی منطقه بدست آمد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان می دهد از سطح زمین های منطقه به ترتیب 53/14 درصد در کلاس کم یا ناچیز، 69/33 درصد در کلاس متوسط و 78/51 درصد در کلاس شدید بیابان زایی است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد شاخص تجدید حیات از معیار پوشش گیاهی با ارزش عددی 82/3 بیش ترین تأثیر را در بیابان زایی منطقه داشته است. بحث و نتیجهگیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق که حاکی بر اهمیت پوشش گیاهی در بیابان زایی است پیشنهاد می شود در اسرع وقت تحقیقی عمیق تر نسبت به تعیین روش های مناسب اصلاح و احیاء مراتع منطقه از سوی ادارات منابع طبیعی اقدام گردد. درصورت عدم توجه مسوولین امر حدود 50 درصد دیگر (کلاس بیابان زایی متوسط و کم منطقه) در معرض نابودی شدید قرار خواهد گرفت که این مهم باعث صدمه به سایر عناصر اکوسیستم از جمله حیات وحش و غیره منجر خواهد شد.
Background and Objective: According to the concept of desertification, which is land degradation in dry areas, the semi-arid, and dry sub-humid due to many factors such as climate change and human activities, this phenomenon has long been known as a serious problem in terms of economic, social, and environmental in many countries. The purpose of this study was to study the desertification of Faryab city in southern Kerman province using Iranian IMDPA method. Method:The aim of this study was assessed desertification potential of Faryab region in the arid region of south of Kerman province by using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA) on soil and vegetation cover indicators.Each criterion was assessed based on the selected indices which result in qualitative mapping of each criterion cased on geometric average of the indices. Thematic databases, with a scale of 1:50000 were integrated and elaborated in Arc GIS 9.3. By laminate of thematic databases layers and using this formula DM=(VQI×SQI)1/2 to Calculate the geometric mean Criteria. Then Desertification intensity map was obtained with analysis IMDPA Model. Findings: Results indicated that 14.53% of study area classified as low class, 33.69% is classified as moderate class and 51.78% of area classified as a severe class of desertification. Analysis of desertification criteria in Faryab region showed that among study criteria, regeneration of vegetation of vegetation cover is a major problem with a geometric average of 3.82. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this research, which indicates the importance of vegetation in desertification, it is suggested that a deeper investigation of the appropriate methods of remediation and improvement of the rangelands of the region be undertaken by the Natural Resources Department. In the case of lack of attention from the authorities, about 50% of other (medium and low desertification classes) will be subject to severe destruction, which will lead to damage to other elements of the ecosystem, including wildlife, and so on.
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- Ladisa, G., Todorovic, M., Liuzzi, GT., 2010. Assessment of Desertification in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Environments: The Case Study of Apulia Region (Southern Italy), Land Degradation and Desertification: Assessment, Mitigation and Remediation. Springer, pp:493-516.
- Hoseini, SM., Ekhtesasi, MR., Shahriyari, AR., Shafiei, H., 2010. Study of Current and Potential Desertification Status With Emphasis on Wind Erosion Criterion using MICD Method (Case Study: Niatak Region of Sistan). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Vol. 63(2), pp. 165-181. (In Persian)
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- UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)., 2008. Desertification is the degradation of drylands.
- Zucca, C., Della, Peruta, R., Salvia, R., Sommer, S., Cherlet M., 2012. Towards a World Desertification Atlas. Relating and selecting indicators and data sets to represent complex issues. Ecological Indicators, Vol. 15. pp. 157–170.
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- God, A., Lofty, I., 2008. Use of remote sensing and GIS in mapping the environmental sensitivity areas for desertification of Egyptian territory. Earth Discuss, Vol. 3(1). pp. 41- 85.
- Depaola, FD., Ducci, C., Giugni, D., 2009. Soil erosion and desertification: a combined approach using RUSLE and ESAS models in the Tusciano basin (Southern Italy). pp. 654-684.
- Jafari, M., Panahi, F., Ahmadi1, H., Abbasi, HR., Mosavi, M., Zareae, MA., Tavil, A., 2006. Assessment of soil criteria indices for desertification studies in Ghom province, Iranian Journal of Rangelandand Desert Research. Vol. 13(2), pp. 278-283. (In Persian)
- Nateghi, S., Zehtabian, GH., Ahmadi., 2006. Evaluation of Desertification Intensity in Segzi Plain Using IMDPA Model. Journal of Range and Watershed Management. Vol. 62(3), pp. 419-430. (In Persian)
- Zolfaghari, F., Shahriari, A., Fakhireh, A., Rashki, R., Noori, S., 2011. Assessment of desertification potential using IMDPA model in Sistan plain. Watershed Management Research, Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, Vol. 91, pp. 97-107. (In Persian)
- Raeesi, A., Zehtabian, Gh., Ahmadi, H., Khosravi, H., 2012. Evaluation of current desertification status in shore deserts using biophysical criteria of IMDPA model, Whatershed Management Research, Vol. 97, pp. 43-51. (In Persian)
- Tabatabaeefar, SM., Zehtabian, Gh., Rahimi, M., Khosravi, H., Nikoo, S., 2013. The Impact Assessment of Temporal Variation of Climatological and Groundwater Condition on Desertification Intensity in Garmsar Plain, Desert Management, Vol. 2, pp. 39-48. (In Persian)
- Rayegani, ., Zehtabian, GH., Barati, S., 2013. Surveying of Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment, Iranian Journal of Applied ecology, Vol. 2(4), pp. 73-99. (In Persian)
- Hashemi, Z., Pahlevanravi, A., Moghaddamnia, AR., Javadi, MR., Miri, A., 2015. Investigation of the Desertification Potential Using IMDPA Model in Sistan Plain (Case Study: ZAHAK), Desert Ecosystems Engineering Journal, Vol. 3(5), pp. 49-62. (In Persian)
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- Parvane, H., Karimzadeh, HR., AliAkbari, V., 2008. Investigating the effect of soil index on desertification (Case Study Tabas Mseena, Khorasan Jenoobi), World Day of Desertification. (In Persian)
- Poorbaghedar, AR., Bahrami, H., Sharifabad, JR., Khosravi, H., 2015. An Evaluation on the Intensity of Desertification by using IMDPA model (Case study: Baghedar region, Yazd), Journal of Arid Regions Geographics Studies, Vol. 5(19), pp. 42-54. (In Persian)
- Zolfaghari, F., Shahriari, A., Fakhire, A., 2013. Evaluate the effect of vegetation cover on land degradation process using IMDPA model and GIS (Case study: Sistan plain), Journal of Applied RS & GIS Techniques in Natural Resource Science, Vol. 4(1), pp. 69-77. (In Persian)
- Khanamani, A., Karimzadeh, HR., Jafari, R., Golshahi, A., 2013. Quantitative assessment of current desertification using MEDALUS model (Case study: Segzi plain), Journal of Applied RS & GIS Techniques in Natural Resource Science, Vol. 4(1), pp. 13-25. (In Persian)
- Esfandiari, M., Hakimzadehardakani, MR., 2014. Evaluation of active desertification with emphasis on the soil degradation by IMDPA model (case study: Abadeh-Tashk, Fars), Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach, Vol. 17(4), pp. 624-631. (In Persian)
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- Babaev, A., 1999. Introduction, Desert Problems and Desertification in Central Asia. Springer, pp. 1-3.
- Ladisa, G., Todorovic, M., Liuzzi, GT., 2010. Assessment of Desertification in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Environments: The Case Study of Apulia Region (Southern Italy), Land Degradation and Desertification: Assessment, Mitigation and Remediation. Springer, pp:493-516.
- Hoseini, SM., Ekhtesasi, MR., Shahriyari, AR., Shafiei, H., 2010. Study of Current and Potential Desertification Status With Emphasis on Wind Erosion Criterion using MICD Method (Case Study: Niatak Region of Sistan). Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Vol. 63(2), pp. 165-181. (In Persian)
- Whitfield, S., Reed, MS., 2012. Review: Participatory environmental assessment in drylands: Introducing a new approach. Journal of Arid Environments,Vol. 77, pp. 1-10.
- Reynolds, JF., Smith, DMSS., Turner, BL., Mortimore, M., Battetbury, SPJ., Downing, TE., Dowlatabadi, H., Fernández, RJF., Herrick, JE., Huber-Sannwald, E., Jiang, H., Leemans R., Lynam, T., Maestre, F., Ayarza, M., Walker, B., 2007. Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science, Vol. 316, pp. 847–851.
- UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)., 2008. Desertification is the degradation of drylands.
- Zucca, C., Della, Peruta, R., Salvia, R., Sommer, S., Cherlet M., 2012. Towards a World Desertification Atlas. Relating and selecting indicators and data sets to represent complex issues. Ecological Indicators, Vol. 15. pp. 157–170.
- Rahimi, M., Damavandi, A., Jaferian, V., 2014. Remote sensing applications in the assessment and monitoring of land degradation and desertification, Journal of Forest and Rangeland, Vol. 100, pp. 8-21. (In Persian)
- Yassoglou, C., Nicholas, J., Kossmas, C., 2001. Desertification in the Mediterranean Europe, case study in Greece, No 200. MEDALUS Report: 454-475.
- Zhu, D., Wang, TW., Cai, CF., Li, L., Shi, ZH., 2009. Large-scale assessment of soil erosion using a neuro-fuzzy model combined with GIS: A case study of Hubei Province, China. Land degrade develop. Vol. 20. pp. 654–666.
- God, A., Lofty, I., 2008. Use of remote sensing and GIS in mapping the environmental sensitivity areas for desertification of Egyptian territory. Earth Discuss, Vol. 3(1). pp. 41- 85.
- Depaola, FD., Ducci, C., Giugni, D., 2009. Soil erosion and desertification: a combined approach using RUSLE and ESAS models in the Tusciano basin (Southern Italy). pp. 654-684.
- Jafari, M., Panahi, F., Ahmadi1, H., Abbasi, HR., Mosavi, M., Zareae, MA., Tavil, A., 2006. Assessment of soil criteria indices for desertification studies in Ghom province, Iranian Journal of Rangelandand Desert Research. Vol. 13(2), pp. 278-283. (In Persian)
- Nateghi, S., Zehtabian, GH., Ahmadi., 2006. Evaluation of Desertification Intensity in Segzi Plain Using IMDPA Model. Journal of Range and Watershed Management. Vol. 62(3), pp. 419-430. (In Persian)
- Zolfaghari, F., Shahriari, A., Fakhireh, A., Rashki, R., Noori, S., 2011. Assessment of desertification potential using IMDPA model in Sistan plain. Watershed Management Research, Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, Vol. 91, pp. 97-107. (In Persian)
- Raeesi, A., Zehtabian, Gh., Ahmadi, H., Khosravi, H., 2012. Evaluation of current desertification status in shore deserts using biophysical criteria of IMDPA model, Whatershed Management Research, Vol. 97, pp. 43-51. (In Persian)
- Tabatabaeefar, SM., Zehtabian, Gh., Rahimi, M., Khosravi, H., Nikoo, S., 2013. The Impact Assessment of Temporal Variation of Climatological and Groundwater Condition on Desertification Intensity in Garmsar Plain, Desert Management, Vol. 2, pp. 39-48. (In Persian)
- Rayegani, ., Zehtabian, GH., Barati, S., 2013. Surveying of Iranian Model of Desertification Potential Assessment, Iranian Journal of Applied ecology, Vol. 2(4), pp. 73-99. (In Persian)
- Hashemi, Z., Pahlevanravi, A., Moghaddamnia, AR., Javadi, MR., Miri, A., 2015. Investigation of the Desertification Potential Using IMDPA Model in Sistan Plain (Case Study: ZAHAK), Desert Ecosystems Engineering Journal, Vol. 3(5), pp. 49-62. (In Persian)
- Habibipour, A., 2015. Application of the IMDPA model in the study of desertification status based on the wind erosion criterion (Case study: Behbad area, Yazd province), Lornal of Forest and Rangeland, Vol. 106. pp. 67-72. (In Persian)
- Parvane, H., Karimzadeh, HR., AliAkbari, V., 2008. Investigating the effect of soil index on desertification (Case Study Tabas Mseena, Khorasan Jenoobi), World Day of Desertification. (In Persian)
- Poorbaghedar, AR., Bahrami, H., Sharifabad, JR., Khosravi, H., 2015. An Evaluation on the Intensity of Desertification by using IMDPA model (Case study: Baghedar region, Yazd), Journal of Arid Regions Geographics Studies, Vol. 5(19), pp. 42-54. (In Persian)
- Zolfaghari, F., Shahriari, A., Fakhire, A., 2013. Evaluate the effect of vegetation cover on land degradation process using IMDPA model and GIS (Case study: Sistan plain), Journal of Applied RS & GIS Techniques in Natural Resource Science, Vol. 4(1), pp. 69-77. (In Persian)
- Khanamani, A., Karimzadeh, HR., Jafari, R., Golshahi, A., 2013. Quantitative assessment of current desertification using MEDALUS model (Case study: Segzi plain), Journal of Applied RS & GIS Techniques in Natural Resource Science, Vol. 4(1), pp. 13-25. (In Persian)
- Esfandiari, M., Hakimzadehardakani, MR., 2014. Evaluation of active desertification with emphasis on the soil degradation by IMDPA model (case study: Abadeh-Tashk, Fars), Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach, Vol. 17(4), pp. 624-631. (In Persian)