تهیه نانوسلولز اصلاح شده با 5-Br-PADAP جهت پیش تغلیظ و اندازه گیری مقادیر ناچیز یون های کبالت در نمونه آب های طبیعی
محورهای موضوعی :
فلزات سنگین
سکینه گنجی جویباری
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم شهر، گروه شیمی، قائم شهر، ایران.)
علی میرابی
2
(دانشیار شیمی تجزیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم شهر، گروه شیمی، قائم شهر، ایران.* (مسوول مکاتبات).)
علی شکوهی راد
3
(دانشیار مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم شهر، گروه مهندسی شیمی، قائم شهر، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/14
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/07/01
کلید واژه:
استخراج,
پیش تغلیظ,
اندازه گیری کبالت,
نانو سلولز,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: جداسازی و اندازه گیری مقادیر ناچیز یون های کبالت در نمونه های حقیقی به جهت سمیت آن، برای انسان اهمیت زیادی دارد که در تحقیق حاضر از نانو سلولز اصلاح شده به عنوان جاذب استفاده شده است. نانو سلولز به روش هیدرولیز اسیدی سنتز و با 2- ( 5- برمو -2- پیریدیل آزو ) 5- ( دی اتیل آمینو ) فنل) Br-PADAP 5-) اصلاح شد. به کمک میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری (TEM) اندازه نانو فیبرهای سلولزی تعیین شد. بعد از اصلاح نانو جاذب با PADAP 5-Br-، از نانوکامپوزیت اصلاح شده آنالیز وزن سنجی حرارتی (TGA) صورت گرفت و همچنین برای تعیین مقدار سطح قبل و بعد از اصلاح جاذب از تکنیک BET استفاده شد. در کار حاضر هدف اصلاح سطح نانو سلولز با لیگاند 5-Br-PADAP جهت استفاده از آنها برای استخراج و پیش تغلیظ مقادیر ناچیز یون های کبالت قبل از اندازه گیری آن توسط طیف سنجی جذب اتمی شعله ای در نمونه های حقیقی می باشد.روش بررسی: حجم معینی از یون کبالت را داخل لوله آزمایش حاوی نانو جاذب اصلاح شده ریخته و به آن محلول بافر با 9pH= اضافه کرده و به مدت 15 دقیقه درون شیکر و سپس سانتریفیوژ قرار داده و در مرحله بعد محلول رویی را دور ریخته و 1 میلی لیتر HCl جهت بازیابی یون کبالت افزوده و 10دقیقه داخل شیکر و سپس سانتریفیوژ قرار داده و جذب محلول رویی توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی شعله ای خوانده شد.نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که نانو سلولز اصلاح شده، برای اندازه گیری یون کبالت در غلظت های پایین بسیار حساس و گزینش پذیر عمل می کند و تحت تاثیر پارامتر های مختلفی مانند pH، مقدارجاذب، زمان استخراج و نوع حلال شوینده قرار می گیرد.یافته ها: منحنی کالیبراسیون در گستره 500-10 نانو گرم بر میلی لیتر خطی بود و حد تشخیص روش 3/4 نانوگرم بر میلی لیتر و انحراف استاندارد نسبی (RSD) روش 8/1 % به دست آمد. همچنین دارای فاکتور پیش تغلیظ و غنی سازی بالا می باشد.بحث ونتیجه گیری: روش پیشنهادی جهت اندازه گیری مقادیر ناچیز یون های کبالت با روش افزایش استاندارد در نمونه آب های طبیعی نظیر آب دریا، رودخانه، آب چاه ، آبندان و آب شهری توسط دستگاه طیف سنجی جذب اتمی با نتایج رضایت بخش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Separation and determination of trace amounts of cobalt ions in real samples due to their toxicity to humans is very important. In the present study, a nanocellulose was synthesized by the acid hydrolysis and then modified with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino phenol (5-Br-PADAP). The size of cellulose nanofibers was determined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). After modification of the nano-sorbent with the 5-Br-PADAP, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the modified nanocomposite was carried out, and the BET technique was used to determine the surface area of the nano-sorbent before and after modification. In the present work, the aim is to modify the surface of nanocellulose with ligand of 5-Br-PADAP to use them to extraction and pre-concentration of trace amounts of cobalt ions before determination it by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy in real samples.Material and Methodology: Certain volume of cobalt ion into the test tube containing the modified nanosorbent was Poured and buffer solution with pH = 9 was added and place it in a shaker and finally centrifuged for 15 minutes and then discard the top solution and 1 mL HCl was added to recover cobalt ions and placed in a shaker for 10 minutes and then centrifuged, and the absorption of the supernatant was determined by FAAS. The results showed that the modified nanocellulose is very sensitive and selective towards the determination of cobalt ions which could be affected by several parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount, sample volume, extraction time, and type of eluetion.Findings: The calibration curve is linear in the range of 10-500 ng/mL, and the detection limit and the relative standard deviation (RSD) are calculated to be 4.3 ng/mL and 1.8 %, respectively, that result in a high preconcentration and enrichment factor.Discussion and Conclusions: By using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry and applying the standard addition method, the proposed method was used to determination of the trace amounts of cobalt ions in the natural water samples such as seawater, river water, well water, lake water and tap water, with satisfactory results.
منابع و مأخذ:
Portet-Koltalo, F., Oukebdane, K., Robin, L., Dionnet F., Desbene, P.L., 2007. Quantification of volatile PAHs present at trace levels in air flow by aqueous trapping SPE and HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection. Talanta, Vol. 71, pp. 1825-1833.
Thurman, E.M., Mills, M.S. 1998. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice. New York (Wiley).
Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H., Ebrahimzadeh, E., 2010. Determination of cobalt in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration with a simple ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction methodology. Central European Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8, pp. 617-625.
Underwood, E.J. 1971. Trace element in human and animal nutrition. Academic press New York.
Mahdavi, H., Zirakzadeh, A., Amani, J., 2007. Modified cross-linked polyacrylamide supported palladium salts as a new heterogeneous catalyst for Heck reaction. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 67, pp. 716-722.
Raugil, A., Squeza, A., Olsina, R., Luis Martinez, D., Cerutti, S., 2008. Cloud point extraction for cobalt preconcentration with on-line phase separation in a knotted reactor followed by ETAAS determination in drinking waters. Talanta, Vol. 76, pp. 669-673.
Cao, Q.E., Zhao, Y.K., Wu, S.Q., Hu, Z., Xu, Q., 2000. Study on the mechanism and applications of the fluorescence reactions among cobalt (II), H2O2 and two new derivatives of 8-sulfonamidoquinoline. Talanta, Vol. 51, pp. 615-623.
Mirabi, A., Shokuhi Rad, A., Abdollahi, M., 2017. Preparation of Modified MWCNT with Dithiooxamide for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Cobalt Ions in Food and Natural Water Samples. Chemistry select, Vol. 2, pp. 4439–4444.
Boukraa, Y., Barkat, D., Benabdellah, T., Tayeb, A., Kameche, M., 2006. Liquid–liquid extraction of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with salicylideneaniline from sulphate media. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, Vol. 44, pp. 693-700.
Kantam, L.M., Roy, M., Roy, S., Sreedhar, B., Madhavendra, S.S., Choudary, B.M., De, R.L., 2007. Polyaniline supported palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of bromo- and chloroarenes in water. Tetrahedron, Vol. 63, pp. 8002-8009.
Nascentes, C.C., Arruda, M.A.Z., 2003. Cloud point formation based on mixed micelles in the presence of electrolytes for cobalt extraction and preconcentration. Talanta, Vol. 61, pp. 759-768.
Ullrich, S.M., Tanton, T.W., Abdrashitova, S.A., 2001. Mercury in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Factors Affecting Methylation. Journal Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 31, pp. 241-293.
Yousefi, S.R., Ahmadi, S.J., 2011. Development a robust ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction against high concentration of salt combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry using microsample introduction system for preconcentration and determination of cobalt in water and saline samples. Microchimica Acta, Vol. 172, pp. 75-82.
Jamali, M.R., Assadi, Y., Shemirani, F., 2007. Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Determination of Cobalt, Copper, and Nickel in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 42, pp. 3503-3515.
[15] Xia, L., Hu, B., Jiang, Z., Wu, Y., Liang, Y., 2004. Single-Drop Microextraction Combined with Low-Temperature Electrothermal Vaporization ICPMS for the Determination of Trace Be, Co, Pd, and Cd in Biological Samples. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 76, pp. 2910-2915.
[16] Yamini, Y., Hosseini, M.H., Morsali, A., 2004. Solid Phase Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc and Cobalt Ions in Water Samples. Microchimica Acta, Vol. 146, pp. 67-72.
[17] Didi, M.A., Sekkal, A.R., Villemin, D., 2001. Cloud-point extraction of bismuth (III) with nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 375, pp. 169-177.
[18] Yang, G., Fen, W., Lei, C., Xiao, W., Sun, H., 2009. Study on solid phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of nickel, silver, cobalt, copper, cadmium and lead with MCI GEL CHP 20Y as sorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, pp. 44-49.
Azizi, P., Golshekan, M., Shariati,S., Rahchamani, J., 2015. Solid phase extraction of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions by a new magnetic nano-composite: excellent reactivity combined with facile extraction and determination. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 187, pp. 185-195.
Mirabi, A., Dalirandeh, Z., Shokouhi Rad, A., 2015. Preparation of modified magnetic nanoparticles as a sorbent for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions in food and environmental water samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 381, pp. 138-144.
Mirabi, A., Shokouhi Rad, A., Nourani, S., 2015. Application of Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Sorbent for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel Ions in Food and Environmental Water Samples, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74, pp. 146-151.
Mirabi, A., Daneshgar, P., Moosavi-Movahedi, A., Rezayat, M., Norouzi, P., Nemati, A., Farhadi, M., 2011. Sensitive determination of herbicide trifluralin on the surface of copper nanowire electrochemical sensor. J Solid State Electrochem, Vol. 15, pp. 1953-1961.
Babanezhad, E., Mirabi, A., Ghodrati, R., 2012. An Electropolymerized Pyrrole-based Coating for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Btex from Water Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 30, pp. 557-562.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., Okano, T., 1999. Influence of surface charge on viscosity behavior of cellulose microcrystal suspension. Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 45, pp. 258-261.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., 2001. Steric Stabilization of a Cellulose Microcrystal Suspension by Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting. Langmuir, Vol. 17, pp. 21-27.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., Okano, T., 1998. Flow properties of microcrystalline cellulose suspension prepared by acid treatment of native cellulose. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 142, pp. 75-82.
Giokas, D.L., Paleologos, E.K., Tzouwara-Karayanni, S.M., Karayannis, M.I., 2001. Single-sample cloud point determination of iron, cobalt and nickel by flow injection analysis flame atomic absorption spectrometry application to real samples and certified reference materials. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 16, pp. 521-526.
Chen, J., Chuan Teo, K., 2001. Determination of cobalt and nickel in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Analytica Chimica Acta, 434, pp. 325-330.
Yang, G., Huang, Z., Hu, Q., Yin, J., 2002. Study on the solid phase extraction of Co(II)-QADEAB chelate with C18 disk and its application to the determination of trace cobalt. Talanta, 58, pp. 511-515.
Nascentes, C.C., Arruda, M.A.Z., 2003. Cloud point formation based on mixed micelles in the presence of electrolytes for cobalt extraction and preconcentration. Talanta, 61, pp. 759-768.
Safavi, A., Abdollahi, H., Horrnozi Nezhad, M.R., Kamali, R., 2004. Cloud point extraction, preconcentration and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nickel and cobalt in water samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60, pp. 2897-2901.
Anthemidis, A.N., Zachariadis, G.A., Stratis, J.A., 2002. preconcentration and determination using a PTFE turnings packed column and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Applications in natural waters and biological samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 17, pp. 1330-1334.
_||_
Portet-Koltalo, F., Oukebdane, K., Robin, L., Dionnet F., Desbene, P.L., 2007. Quantification of volatile PAHs present at trace levels in air flow by aqueous trapping SPE and HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection. Talanta, Vol. 71, pp. 1825-1833.
Thurman, E.M., Mills, M.S. 1998. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice. New York (Wiley).
Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H., Ebrahimzadeh, E., 2010. Determination of cobalt in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration with a simple ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction methodology. Central European Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8, pp. 617-625.
Underwood, E.J. 1971. Trace element in human and animal nutrition. Academic press New York.
Mahdavi, H., Zirakzadeh, A., Amani, J., 2007. Modified cross-linked polyacrylamide supported palladium salts as a new heterogeneous catalyst for Heck reaction. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 67, pp. 716-722.
Raugil, A., Squeza, A., Olsina, R., Luis Martinez, D., Cerutti, S., 2008. Cloud point extraction for cobalt preconcentration with on-line phase separation in a knotted reactor followed by ETAAS determination in drinking waters. Talanta, Vol. 76, pp. 669-673.
Cao, Q.E., Zhao, Y.K., Wu, S.Q., Hu, Z., Xu, Q., 2000. Study on the mechanism and applications of the fluorescence reactions among cobalt (II), H2O2 and two new derivatives of 8-sulfonamidoquinoline. Talanta, Vol. 51, pp. 615-623.
Mirabi, A., Shokuhi Rad, A., Abdollahi, M., 2017. Preparation of Modified MWCNT with Dithiooxamide for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Cobalt Ions in Food and Natural Water Samples. Chemistry select, Vol. 2, pp. 4439–4444.
Boukraa, Y., Barkat, D., Benabdellah, T., Tayeb, A., Kameche, M., 2006. Liquid–liquid extraction of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with salicylideneaniline from sulphate media. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, Vol. 44, pp. 693-700.
Kantam, L.M., Roy, M., Roy, S., Sreedhar, B., Madhavendra, S.S., Choudary, B.M., De, R.L., 2007. Polyaniline supported palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of bromo- and chloroarenes in water. Tetrahedron, Vol. 63, pp. 8002-8009.
Nascentes, C.C., Arruda, M.A.Z., 2003. Cloud point formation based on mixed micelles in the presence of electrolytes for cobalt extraction and preconcentration. Talanta, Vol. 61, pp. 759-768.
Ullrich, S.M., Tanton, T.W., Abdrashitova, S.A., 2001. Mercury in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Factors Affecting Methylation. Journal Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 31, pp. 241-293.
Yousefi, S.R., Ahmadi, S.J., 2011. Development a robust ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction against high concentration of salt combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry using microsample introduction system for preconcentration and determination of cobalt in water and saline samples. Microchimica Acta, Vol. 172, pp. 75-82.
Jamali, M.R., Assadi, Y., Shemirani, F., 2007. Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Determination of Cobalt, Copper, and Nickel in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 42, pp. 3503-3515.
[15] Xia, L., Hu, B., Jiang, Z., Wu, Y., Liang, Y., 2004. Single-Drop Microextraction Combined with Low-Temperature Electrothermal Vaporization ICPMS for the Determination of Trace Be, Co, Pd, and Cd in Biological Samples. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 76, pp. 2910-2915.
[16] Yamini, Y., Hosseini, M.H., Morsali, A., 2004. Solid Phase Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc and Cobalt Ions in Water Samples. Microchimica Acta, Vol. 146, pp. 67-72.
[17] Didi, M.A., Sekkal, A.R., Villemin, D., 2001. Cloud-point extraction of bismuth (III) with nonionic surfactants in aqueous solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 375, pp. 169-177.
[18] Yang, G., Fen, W., Lei, C., Xiao, W., Sun, H., 2009. Study on solid phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of nickel, silver, cobalt, copper, cadmium and lead with MCI GEL CHP 20Y as sorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, pp. 44-49.
Azizi, P., Golshekan, M., Shariati,S., Rahchamani, J., 2015. Solid phase extraction of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions by a new magnetic nano-composite: excellent reactivity combined with facile extraction and determination. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 187, pp. 185-195.
Mirabi, A., Dalirandeh, Z., Shokouhi Rad, A., 2015. Preparation of modified magnetic nanoparticles as a sorbent for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions in food and environmental water samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 381, pp. 138-144.
Mirabi, A., Shokouhi Rad, A., Nourani, S., 2015. Application of Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Sorbent for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel Ions in Food and Environmental Water Samples, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74, pp. 146-151.
Mirabi, A., Daneshgar, P., Moosavi-Movahedi, A., Rezayat, M., Norouzi, P., Nemati, A., Farhadi, M., 2011. Sensitive determination of herbicide trifluralin on the surface of copper nanowire electrochemical sensor. J Solid State Electrochem, Vol. 15, pp. 1953-1961.
Babanezhad, E., Mirabi, A., Ghodrati, R., 2012. An Electropolymerized Pyrrole-based Coating for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Btex from Water Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 30, pp. 557-562.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., Okano, T., 1999. Influence of surface charge on viscosity behavior of cellulose microcrystal suspension. Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 45, pp. 258-261.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., 2001. Steric Stabilization of a Cellulose Microcrystal Suspension by Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting. Langmuir, Vol. 17, pp. 21-27.
Araki, J., Wada, M., Kuga, S., Okano, T., 1998. Flow properties of microcrystalline cellulose suspension prepared by acid treatment of native cellulose. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 142, pp. 75-82.
Giokas, D.L., Paleologos, E.K., Tzouwara-Karayanni, S.M., Karayannis, M.I., 2001. Single-sample cloud point determination of iron, cobalt and nickel by flow injection analysis flame atomic absorption spectrometry application to real samples and certified reference materials. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 16, pp. 521-526.
Chen, J., Chuan Teo, K., 2001. Determination of cobalt and nickel in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Analytica Chimica Acta, 434, pp. 325-330.
Yang, G., Huang, Z., Hu, Q., Yin, J., 2002. Study on the solid phase extraction of Co(II)-QADEAB chelate with C18 disk and its application to the determination of trace cobalt. Talanta, 58, pp. 511-515.
Nascentes, C.C., Arruda, M.A.Z., 2003. Cloud point formation based on mixed micelles in the presence of electrolytes for cobalt extraction and preconcentration. Talanta, 61, pp. 759-768.
Safavi, A., Abdollahi, H., Horrnozi Nezhad, M.R., Kamali, R., 2004. Cloud point extraction, preconcentration and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nickel and cobalt in water samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60, pp. 2897-2901.
Anthemidis, A.N., Zachariadis, G.A., Stratis, J.A., 2002. preconcentration and determination using a PTFE turnings packed column and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Applications in natural waters and biological samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 17, pp. 1330-1334.
