ارزیابی آلودگی خاک‌های اطراف کارخانه آلومینیوم‌سازی اراک به عناصر آلومینیوم، آهن، منگنز و سرب

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی خاک

هانیه صابری کرهرودی ¹ (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه زنجان)
احمد گلچین ² (استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه زنجان)
پریسا علمداری ³ (استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه زنجان *(مسوول مکاتبات))

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/03/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/01

کلید واژه: شاخص ژئوانباشت, ضریب غنی‌شدگی, آلودگی عناصر سنگین,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف : با صنعتی شدن شهرها و افزایش تعداد کارخانجات، آلودگی خاک رو به گسترش بوده و یکی از مشکلات زیست محیطی قرن حاضر به حساب می آید. با توجه به اهمیت شهر اراک از نظر فعالیت های صنعتی، هدف این پژوهش، بررسی شدت آلودگی خاک به عناصر فلزی در اطراف کارخانه آلومینیوم سازی این شهر می باشد. روش بررسی: ده نمونه مرکب خاک از عمق صفر تا 15 سانتی متری و در دو جهت شمال شرقی و شمال غربی تا شعاع 5 کیلومتری از کارخانه برداشته شد. جهت اندازه گیری شدت آلودگی خاک به عناصر فلزی، غلظت های کل عناصر آلومینیوم، آهن، منگنز و سرب در نمونه های خاک پس از عصاره گیری با اسید توسط دستگاهICP تعیین گردیدند. جهت برآورد شدت آلودگی از ضریب و درجه آلودگی، شاخص ژئو انباشت و ضریب غنی شدگی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که شدت آلودگی خاک به عناصرآلومینیوم، آهن، منگنز و سرب در جهت شمال غربی کارخانه بیش تر از جهت شمال شرقی بوده و مقدار این عناصر به ترتیب برابر با 5/41316، 1/23282، 138/567 و 0375/71 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک اندازه گیری گردید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس شاخص ضریب آلودگی، شدت آلودگی خاک های منطقه در جهت شمال شرقی به عنصر آلومینیوم قابل توجه و به عناصر آهن، منگنز و سرب، در حد متوسط بود که نشان می دهد که فعالیت کارخانه آلومینیوم سازی اراک باعث آلودگی خاک منطقه به عناصر فلزی در حد متوسط شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: With increase in the number of factories and industrialized cities, soil contamination is becoming an environmental problem in recent century. Considering the industrial activities of Arak city, the aims of this study was to evaluate metal contamination status of soils around Aluminum smelting factory of this city. Method: Ten composite samples were taken from the surface layers (0-15) of soils located in north-west and north-east directions of the factory with a distance interval of 1 km and up to a distance of 5 km from the factory. Total concentration of aluminum, iron, manganese and lead were extracted from the soil samples by acid and determined using ICP device. To determine the pollution intensity of the soils studied, contamination coefficient, degree of contamination, index of geo accumulation and enrichment factor were calculated for the soil samples. Findings: The results showed that the pollution intensities of soils by aluminum, iron, manganese and lead were higher in North West direction compared to North East direction and the total concentration of these elements were 41316.5, 23282.1, 567.13 and 71.04 mg/kg soil respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the contamination coefficients calculated for the soil samples, the pollution intensity of the soils, in the north-west direction, was considerable for aluminum and moderate for iron, manganese and lead and indicated that industrial activities of the factory caused moderately soil pollution by metals.

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