نگرشی نوین به رابطه حقوق عامه و حفاظت از محیط زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران (رویکردی به مفهوم حق-ادعا)
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
شهاب حایری اصفهانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
علی مشهدی
2
(دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/21
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01
کلید واژه:
حق ادعا,
توسعه پایدار,
حقوق عامه,
حقوق همبستگی,
حقوق محیط زیست,
چکیده مقاله :
حقوق محیط زیست از جمله شاخه های اصلی حقوق عمومی است که در نظامات مختلف و مبانی حقوق کشورهای گوناگون جایگاه خاصی را دارد و اهمیت این رشته از آن بعد است که توسعه پایدار به عنوان یک مفهوم بنیادین در دنیای امروز در گرو ارتباط گسترده با این رشته حقوقی است. این امر به اندازه ای از اهمیت رسیده است که در کنوانسیون های بین المللی نیز به عنوان یک فرآیند ضروری شناخته شده است. اخیرا در نظام ایران تحت قالب حقوق عامه به شناسایی حقوق محیط زیست پرداخته شده است و حتی برای نقض آن مجازات کیفری پیش بینی شده است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق تبیین ماهیت حق ادعایی حقوق محیط زیست و ارائه راهکارهای لازم برای حفاظت از آن بوده است. در این تحقیق مبنای حقوقی محیط زیست در نظام حقوقی ایران بررسی شد و در راستای انجام پژوهش مشخص شد که نهاد تقنین در ایران علی رغم ماهیت حق-ادعایی محیط زیست چندان در این خصوص موفق عمل نکرده است و امکان شناخت حقوق محیط زیست به عنوان یک حق بر توسعه پایدار فراهم است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Environmental Law, enjoying a unique position in various legal systems of countries, is one of the significant majors of Public Law. The importance of the topic is due to the fact that Sustainable Development, as a fundamental concept, could only be achieved through its relation with this legal filed. Great importance has been attached to this matter to the extent that it has been identified as a necessary process by international conventions. Recently, in Iran’s legal system, the Environment Law has been studied within the framework of Community Law breaching of which would be subject to criminal punishment. The main goal of the present study is to elaborate on the claim right essence of the Environmental Law and to provide required protective solutions. In this article, the legal foundation of the Environmental Law has been reviewed and it has been revealed that the legislative body of the country, in spite of its claim-right nature, has not been successful in this regard and it is also possible to recognize Environmental Law as a Sustainable Development right.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Qari Seyed Fatemi, Seyed Mohammad, (2009), Contemporary Human Rights, First Book, Introduction to Theoretical Issues, Concepts, Principles, Territory and Resources, Second Edition, Tehran, Negah Moaser Publishing.
Sreenivasan, Gopal, (2005), A Hybird theory of Claim-rights, Oxford journal of legal studies, pub992048, https://scholars.duke.edu/.
Talebi, Mohammad Hossein, Hosseini Nasab, Seyed Mostafa, (2009), Explaining the Right from Hoffeld's Perspective (Part 1), Journal of Islamic Government, Year 14, No.1.
Mashhadi, Ali, Palmetz, Mark, Leder, Yaus, Hu, Chang, Wong, Simon, (2017), Human right and Environment, first edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publishing.
Wener, Leif, (2013), The nature of claim-right, Chicago Journals, p 202
Haghi, Ali, (2020), Priority of Right and Good Imaginations, Rawls, John, First Edition, Tehran, Negah Moaser Publishing.
Abdollahi, Mohsen, (2017), Judicial Booklet on Environmental Law, Shelton, Dina, Case, Alexander, Second Edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publishing.
Kahn, Elizabeth, (2020), Beyond Claim-Rights: Social Structure, Collectivization, and Human Rights, Journal of social philosophy, p 5
eftekhar Jahromi, Goodarz, Rezaei, Alireza, (2015), Convergence of Environmental Law and Human Rights with a Look at Islamic Jurisprudence, Quarterly Journal of Comparative Research in Islamic and Western Law, No. 7.
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Ramezani, Ali, (2011), The meaning of right in the view of Islamic thinkers, Journal of Legal Knowledge, No. 2.
Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar, (1999), Legal Terminology, 10th Edition, Tehran, Ganj-e-Danesh Publishing, Volume 3.
Soleimani Darcheh, Mohammad, (2014), Introduction to the Concepts of Public Law's Study of the Concept of Right, First Edition, Tehran, Guardian Council Research Institute.
Instructions for monitoring and following up on public rights, (2018)
Ghavam, Mir Azim, (1996), Criminal Protection of the Environment, First Edition, Tehran, Published by the Environment Organization.
6-Selton, Danish, Kiss, Alexander, (2005), Judicial Handbook on Environmental Law, United nation environment programme, P 23
Dernbach, John, Mintz, Joel, (2011), Environmental Laws and Sustainability: An Introduction, DOI: 10.3390/su3030531 · Source: DOAJ,
Ghamami, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, (2018), The Model of Revival of Public Rights with the Evolution in the System of Norms and Judicial Structures, Journal of Islamic Law, No. 58.
Mahmoudi, Asghar, (2013), Redefining Non-Profit and Comparing It with Similar Concepts, Journal of Comparative Law Research, No. 4.
Lida, Moin, (2009), The Right to Have a Right, DeGuire, Stephanie, Maxwell, Samuel, Hunt, Alistair, Taylor, Astra, Second Edition, Tehran, Farhang Nashr-e No.
Dabirnia, Alireza, (2018), Republic and Islam in the Constitution of Iran, Dual or Single Sovereignty, Journal of Comparative Law Research, No. 3.
Ghamami, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi, (2018), The Model of Revival of Public Rights with the Evolution in the System of Norms and Judicial Structures, Journal of Islamic Law, No. 58.
Gorji, Ali Akbar, (2004), The Basis and Concept of Fundamental Rights, Journal of Constitutional Law, No. 2.
Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein, (2013), Environmental Protection in the Constitutional Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Perspectives, No. 63.
Molaei, Yousef, (2006), The Third Generation of Human Rights and the Right to the Environment, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, No. 4.
Qadir, Mohsen, (2015), The Right to the Environment from the Perspective of International Human Rights and Islam, Comparative Research Paper on Islamic and Western Law, Summer, Year 2, Number 2.
Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad, Mohammadi, Mehrdad, (2017), Analysis of human rights on the environment, two quarterly journals of Islamic human rights studies, spring and summer, year 6, number 12.
Ebrahimi Armi, Keyvan, Sharifi Ghaleh Sari, Seyed Yaser, (2016), Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Rights and the Environment, First Edition, Tehran, Majd Publishing.
Firoozi, Mehdi, (2015), The Right to the Environment, First Edition, Tehran, Jihad Daneshgahi Publishing Organization.
Mashhadi, Ali, (2014), The Essential Basis of Environmental Rights in Iranian and French Law, Journal of Comparative Law Studies, No. 2.
Tahan Nazif, Hadi, Tahmasebi, Mohammad Hassan, (2018), The role of the prosecutor in protecting public rights and freedoms in Iranian criminal law, Judgment Quarterly, No. 93.
Alogna, Ivano, (2018), Environment law of France, Sorbonne, Universite de Paris ,1 Pantheon.
Pathak, Peneet, (2014), Human rights approach to Environmental protection, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development.
Hajipour, Morteza, (2016), The Impact of Fundamental Human Rights on Contractual Freedoms, Quarterly Journal of Private Law Research, No. 20.
Zolghadr, Malek, Mohammadzadeh, Vahid, (2014), Human Rights and Worldviews and Relativism, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Islamic Human Rights Studies, No. 6.
Javid, Mohammad Javad, (2013), Theory of Relativity in Citizenship Rights and Natural Human Rights, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Human Rights, No. 15.
Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad, Mohammadi, Mehrdad, (2017), Analysis of human rights on the environment, two quarterly journals of Islamic human rights studies, spring and summer, year 6, number 12.
Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad, Mohammadi, Mehrdad, (2017), Analysis of human rights on the environment, two quarterly journals of Islamic human rights studies, spring and summer, year 6, number 12.
Mohsenzadeh, Ahmad Ali, Saed, Nader, Samiei, Ali, (2009), Environmental Law, Theories and Procedures, First Edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publishing.
Pour Hashemi, Seyed Abbas, Dabiri, Farhad, Khalatbari, Yalda, Zarei, Sahar, (2016), Formation and development of the concept of the rights of future generations in international environmental law, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, No. 3.
Qari Seyed Fatemi, Seyed Mohammad, (2009), Contemporary Human Rights, First Book, Introduction to Theoretical Issues, Concepts, Principles, Territory and Resources, Second Edition, Tehran, Negah Moaser Publishing.
Sreenivasan, Gopal, (2005), A Hybird theory of Claim-rights, Oxford journal of legal studies, pub992048, https://scholars.duke.edu/.
Talebi, Mohammad Hossein, Hosseini Nasab, Seyed Mostafa, (2009), Explaining the Right from Hoffeld's Perspective (Part 1), Journal of Islamic Government, Year 14, No.1.
Mashhadi, Ali, Palmetz, Mark, Leder, Yaus, Hu, Chang, Wong, Simon, (2017), Human right and Environment, first edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publishing.
Wener, Leif, (2013), The nature of claim-right, Chicago Journals, p 202
Haghi, Ali, (2020), Priority of Right and Good Imaginations, Rawls, John, First Edition, Tehran, Negah Moaser Publishing.
Abdollahi, Mohsen, (2017), Judicial Booklet on Environmental Law, Shelton, Dina, Case, Alexander, Second Edition, Tehran, Khorsandi Publishing.
Kahn, Elizabeth, (2020), Beyond Claim-Rights: Social Structure, Collectivization, and Human Rights, Journal of social philosophy, p 5
eftekhar Jahromi, Goodarz, Rezaei, Alireza, (2015), Convergence of Environmental Law and Human Rights with a Look at Islamic Jurisprudence, Quarterly Journal of Comparative Research in Islamic and Western Law, No. 7.
