پهنه‌بندی حساسیت‌ زمین‌لغزش با استفاده از روش ترکیبی جدید در محیط GIS

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بلایای طبیعی

مجید محمدی ¹ , حمزه نور ²

1 - استادیار دانشکده مهندسی منابع طبیعی دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران، *(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: تراکم سطح, فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, پهنه‌بندی حساسیت زمین‌لغزش, مدل تلفیقی, زمین‌لغزش,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: زمین لغزش از جمله مهم ترین سوانح طبیعی در مناطق شیب‌دار با خسارات انسانی و اقتصادی زیاد است. ایران به خاطر شرایط خاص آب و هوایی و فیزیوگرافی همواره در معرض خطر زمین لغزش قرار دارد. هدف از این تحقیق تهیه نقشه حساسیت زمین‌لغزش با استفاده از مدل تلفیقی فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی-تراکم سطح در محیط GIS، در بخشی از حوزه آبخیز هراز است. روش بررسی: ابتدا با مطالعات میدانی نقشه پراکنش زمین لغزش های حوزه و سپس نقشه عوامل موثر بر زمین لغزش تهیه گردید. وزن‌دهی فاکتور های موثر با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و نرم‌افزار Expert Choice انجام شد. وزن کلاسه‌های هر فاکتور با استفاده از مدل تراکم سطح در محیط GIS محاسبه گردید. در نهایت وزن کلاسه‌ها در وزن فاکتور ضرب شد. وزن‌ها در محیط GIS با هم تلفیق شده و نقشه نهایی حساسیت زمین‌لغزش به دست آمد. یافته‌ها: بررسی ها نشان داد که خصوصیات سنگ شناسی، فاصله از جاده، شیب، فاصله از آبراهه، کاربری اراضی، ارتفاع و جهت شیب عوامل اصلی موثر در وقوع زمین لغزش در منطقه هستند. نتایج نشان داد که شیب 50-15 درصد، جهت های شیب شمالی و غربی، ارتفاع 2100-1500، کاربری‌های مسکونی و باغ-کشاورزی، فاصله 500 متری از جاده و 400 متری از آبراهه، سازندهای شمشک و پادگانه های آبرفتی بیش‌ترین حساسیت را نسبت به زمین لغزش از خود نشان دادند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی منطقه مورد مطالعه مطالعه به وقوع زمین‌لغزش حساسیت زیادی داشته و تهیه نقشه حساسیت زمین‌لزش در این منطقه بسیار ضروری است. نقشه تهیه شده ابزار مفیدی در برنامه ریزی کاربری اراضی خواهد بود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction: Landslides are one of the most natural hazards in hilly regions with great human and economic losses in the worldwide. Iran is always exposed to landslide susceptibility because of climatic and physiographic conditions. The purpose of this research is landslide susceptibility mapping using AHP-Density area model in GIS environment in the part of Haraz Watershed. Methods: Landslide inventory map was created using field surveys, and then conditioning factors were prepared. Using AHP model and Expert Choice software, weight of each factor was calculated. Weight of classes for each factor was calculated using the density area model in the GIS environment. Finally, weight of classes and weight of factors was multiplied. Weighted map was integrated in GIS environment and the final zoning map created. Results: Results indicated that lithology, distance from road, slope angle, distance from drainage network, land use, elevation, and slope aspect are the main landslide controlling factors in the area. Results showed that slope of 15-50 percent, north and west facing, altitude of 1,500–2,100 m, residential and mixing orchard and agriculture area types of land use, distance of 500 meter from road and 400 meter from drainage network, Shemshak formation and fluvial terraces are very susceptible to landslide. Discussion and conclusion: In general, study area is very susceptible to landslide occurrence and landslide susceptibility mapping is very essential in this region. The resultant map would be useful for general land use planning.

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