پایش روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی با تاکید بر توسعه فیزیکی شهر تهران

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

فاطمه بکائیان ¹ , علی اکبر شمسی پور ² , مرضیه علی خواه اصل ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست گرایش ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران،(مسئول مکاتبات)*
3 - استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/01/01

کلید واژه: تغییر کاربری اراضی", "توسعه فیزیکی", "RS & GIS", "تهران",

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف : توسعه فیزیکی شهرها و گسترش ابعاد آن، یکی از عوامل مهم در تغییرات اراضی شهری به شمار می رود که پیامدهای متعدد زیست محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی را به دنبال دارد. در چند دهه گذشته، شهر تهران، با رشد و توسعه شهری و شهرک های پیرامونی متعددی مواجه بوده که این مسئله، موجب تغییرات وسیعی در اراضی شهری تهران و نواحی پیرامون شده است. در این پژوهش روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی تهران در چند دهه گذشته مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.روش بررسی : در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای 7 باندی سنجنده TM ماهواره لندست، به پایش تغییر و تبدیل اراضی شهر تهران از سال 1988 تا 2010 و در سه مقطع زمانی 1988، 2000 و 2010 پرداخته شد. تصاویر پس از مراحل پیش پردازش، بر اساس شش طبقه اراضی شهری، کشاورزی، آبی، جنگلی، مرتعی و بایر در نرم افزار ENVI@ طبقه بندی شده و با روش تفاضل تصویر و مقایسه پس از طبقه بندی، تحلیل شدند.یافته ها : نتایج پردازش و طبقه بندی تصاویر نشان می دهد که اراضی شهری به طور پیوسته با رشد همراه بوده و اراضی بایر نیز در مقیاس بسیار کم و آرام، در حال افزایش است. همچنین اراضی مرتعی در یک دهه گذشته با کاهش همراه بوده است. در حالی که اراضی کشاورزی علیرغم کاهش نسبت به سال 1988، از سال 2000 روند افزایشی نشان می دهد.نتیجه گیری : در مجموع به دلیل توسعه فعالیت های صنعتی، نظامی و گردشگری در پیرامون شهر، از میزان اراضی دامنه ای و کشاورزی کاسته شده و پهنه شهر توسعه پیدا کرده است که البته تاثیرات متعدد زیست محیطی همچون تغییر موازنه انرژی سطحی، جزیره گرمای شهری و چرخه آب در پیرامون شهر برجای نهاده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Surveying urban land use and cover and process of its changes is one of the important subjects and challenges in land management field and urban sustainable development. Physical development of cities and spreading its range is one of the important factors in urban land use changes which have variety environmental, economic and social impacts. In several past decades, Tehran city has been encountered with urban growth and development and several around towns that the subject has caused variety changes in urban lands of Tehran and around area. Surveying and analyzing urban land changes in Tehran city could be useful in land use planning. In this research Tehran land use changes in the past few decades have been examined.Method: In this research, the changes are surveyed and detected by satellite images of 7 bands TM sensor of Landsat satellite from 1988 to 2010 and three time period 1988, 2000 and 2010. For this purpose, the images from TM sensor of satellite images related Tehran and around area have been used. Before preprocess states, the images have been classified based on urban lands classes including urban, agriculture, water, jungle, rangeland and bare land in ENVI software and analyzed based on image difference and comparing post classification methods.Results:  Results show that in the period, urban lands has grown gradually and constantly and bare land also is increasing in a very low scale. Also rangeland has been decreased in past decade, but agriculture lands, in spite of decreasing than 1988, are faced increasing since 2000.Conclusion: In generally, because of developing industrial, military and tourism activities in around of the city, area of rangeland and agricultural lands is decreased and city area is increased which has different environmental and cultural impacts (mainly as negative impacts) in circumstance of the city.

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