ارزیابی صفات کمی و کیفی چند رقم و لاین امید بخش تریتیکاله در دو منطقه سرد خراسان رضوی
محورهای موضوعی :
کشاورزی و محیط زیست
سید علیرضا رضوی
1
,
حسن حمیدی
2
1 - استادیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح وتهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - محقق بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/03/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/09/01
کلید واژه:
اجزای عملکرد,
عملکرد,
تریتیکاله,
لاین امید بخش,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تریتیکاله که از تلاقی بین گندم و چاودار بوجود آمده است یک محصول علوفه ای برای تغذیه دام وطیور می باشد. این تحقیق به منظور دستیابی به ارقام پرمحصول تریتیکاله تحت شرایط زارعین شهرستان های فریمان و تربت حیدریه در سال زراعی 90-1389 به اجرا در آمد.
روش بررسی: برای اجرای آزمایش از طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 6 تیمار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 4 لاین امید بخش تریتیکاله انتخابی از آزمایش الیت تریتیکاله سال زراعی 1385 به نام های ET-85-4,ET-85-14,ET-85-15, ET-85-17 و شاهد (ET-82-15 و Juanillo 92) بود. مساحت کاشت هر لاین و رقم 4/14 = 4/2 × 6 متر مربع بود. عملیات تهیه بستر بذر و کاشت بر اساس عرف معمول زارعین انجام شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در هر یک از مناطق اجرای آزمایش از نظر آماری اختلاف معنی داری بین ژنوتیپ ها برای صفات تعداد روزتا ظهور سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، تعداد دانه در سنبله، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد دانه وجود داشت. بیشترین تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته در هر دو منطقه مربوط به لاینET-85-15 بود. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد که تفاوت تعداد روزتا ظهور سنبله، عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه بین دو مکان آزمایش معنی دار بود. علاوه بر این، بین ژنوتیپ ها نیز اختلاف بسیار معنی داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد برای کلیه صفات به غیر از صفت تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله مورد بررسی وجود داشت. اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × مکان از بین کلیه صفات، فقط برای عملکرد دانه اختلاف بسیار معنی داری را نشان داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از جوانیلو 92 در فریمان و تربت حیدریه برآورد گردید.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: توسعه کشت و ترویج ارقام سازگار و پرمحصول و با کیفیت مطلوب تریتیکاله در مناطق سرد استان خراسان رضوی ضروری می باشد. نتایج نشان داد که لاینET-82-15 در ردیف رقم جوانیلو 92 از لحاظ عملکرد قرار داشته و منتخب جایگزینی رقم رایج (جوانیلو 92) در مناطق فریمان و تربت حیدریه خواهد بود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Triticale is a cross between wheat and rye. As a forage crop, it is used for livestock and poultry feed. This research was conducted to achieve high-yielding cultivars of triticale on farm conditions in Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman counties during the 2010-2011 crop year.
Material and Methodology: This experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments. The treatments consisted of four triticale promising lines selected of triticale elite test during the 2006 crop year called the ET-85-4, ET-85-14, ET-85-15, ET-85-17 with two checks (ET-82-15 and Juanillo 92). Planting area of each group of line and cultivars were 2.4 × 6 =14.4 m2. Seedbed preparation and planting operations were carried out according to the usual custom of farmers.
Findings: The results showed that each of the experimental regions there were statistically significant differences between genotypes in days to heading, thousand kernel weight, number of spikes per m2, the number of grains in spike, plant height and grain yield. The highest values of day to heading, thousand kernel weight, the number of grains in spike and plant height were produced by Juanillo 92 cultivar in two experimental locations. Results of combining analysis showed that there were significant differences between two experimental locations for day to heading, grain yield and thousand kernel weight. In addition, there were highly significant differences (p≤0.01) between different genotypes for all the studied traits (not day to heading). There was a highly significant difference for interaction of genotype × location on grain yield. The highest values of grain yield were produced by Juanillo 92 cultivar in Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman counties.
Discussion and Conclusion: Development of cultivation and propagation of suitable and high quality triticale cultivars is essential in cold regions of Khorasan Razavi province. The results showed that ET-82-15 line was similar to Juanillo 92 in terms of yield and would be a substitute for the common cultivar (Juanillo 92) in Freeman and Torbat-e-Heydariyeh.
منابع و مأخذ:
Oettler, G. 2005. Centenary review. The fortune of a botanical curiosity-triticale: Past, Present and Future. J. Agric. Sci. 143: 329-346.
Varughese, G. 1996. Present status and challenges ahead. In: Guedes- piento. H., Darvey, N., and Carnide, V. P.(eds.). Triticale: today and tomorrow. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp: 13–20.
Wilson, A.S. 1875. On the fertilization of cereals. Transations and Proceeding of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 12: 237-242.
Vahabzadeh, M.1999. Triticale: Valuable plant. Barzegar magazine. Number. 792, pp. 43–45. (In Persian)
Muntzing, A. 1974. Historical review of the development of triticale. Proceeding of the International Symposium. El-Batan, Mexico: International Development Research Centre. (IDRC). 24: 13-30.
Fischer, R.A. 1983. Growth and yield of Triticale. Proceedings Symposium on Potential Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environments. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Phillipines, September 1980. pp: 129-154.
Burcha, M. and Khurduk, N. 1986. Interaction between vegetative biomass and size of grain yield in different genotypes of winter Triticale. W.B.T. Abs., 5: 352.
Sisodia, N.S. and McGinnis, R.C. 1970. Importance of hexaploid Triticale germplasm in hexaploid triticale breeding. Crop Science, 10: 161-162.
Sanchez-Monge, E. 1959. Hexaploid triticale. Proceedings of the First International Triticale Genetics Symposium. University of Manitoba, Canada, pp: 181-194.
Zillinsky, F.J. and Borlaug, N.E. 1971. Progress in developing triticale as an economic crop. CIMMYT, Mexico. Research Bulletin, 17: 1-27.
Reddy, V.R.K. 2001. Character association in hexaploid triticale. Crop Res. 22 (1) : 94-98.
Aly, R.M. and El-Bana, A.Y.A. 1994. Grain yield analysis for nine wheat cultivars grown in newly cultivated sandy soil under different N fertilization levels .Zagazing. J. Agric. Res. 21: 67-77.
Naderi, A.,Hashemi Dezfouli, S.A., Rezaei, A. H., Majidi Heravan, A., Nourmohammadi Ghorban, E. 2000. Study on correlation of traits and components affecting grain weight and determination of effect of some physiological parameters on grain yield in spring wheat genotypes under optimum and drought stress conditions. Seed and Plant. Volume 16, Number 3, pp. 374-386. (In Persian)
Zare Feizabadi, A. 1993. The effect of different forage harvest times on agronomic characteristics, nutritional value of forage and grain yield of several barley and triticale cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Kazemi Arbat, H. Private agronomy. Tehran University Publishing Center. pp. 271-293. (In Persian)
Ghodsi, M. 1995. Investigation of the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on agronomic characteristics, green forage and grain yield of barley and triticale cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis. Tehran University. (In Persian)
Ghodsi, M. 2009. Triticale, technical instructions for planting, holding and harvesting. Technical Journal. Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. (In Persian)
Bittle, D.C. and Gustafson, J.P. 1991. High molecular weight glutenin from wheat for triticale flour improvement. Proc. 2 nd . Int. Triticale Symp. Mexico.D.F.CIMMYT.P. 550-553.
2009. Research results on breeding and agronomic triticale. Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. Cereals Research Department. (In Persian)
Khodarahmi, M., Amini, A. and Bihamta, M.R. 2006. Study on relationship of traits and path analysis of grain yield of Triticale. Jouranl of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, Volume 1, 77-84. (In Persian)
Irani, S., Arzani, A., Rezai, A. Study of agronomic characteristics of doubled haploid lines and their derivative breeding lines in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). Volume 12, Number 1, pp. 55-65. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A. ,Gholami, H., Khodarahmi, M. 2012. Selection of Triticale lines based on yield and nutritive values. Journal of Crop Productio Research. Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 11-22. (In Persian)
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Oettler, G. 2005. Centenary review. The fortune of a botanical curiosity-triticale: Past, Present and Future. J. Agric. Sci. 143: 329-346.
Varughese, G. 1996. Present status and challenges ahead. In: Guedes- piento. H., Darvey, N., and Carnide, V. P.(eds.). Triticale: today and tomorrow. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp: 13–20.
Wilson, A.S. 1875. On the fertilization of cereals. Transations and Proceeding of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 12: 237-242.
Vahabzadeh, M.1999. Triticale: Valuable plant. Barzegar magazine. Number. 792, pp. 43–45. (In Persian)
Muntzing, A. 1974. Historical review of the development of triticale. Proceeding of the International Symposium. El-Batan, Mexico: International Development Research Centre. (IDRC). 24: 13-30.
Fischer, R.A. 1983. Growth and yield of Triticale. Proceedings Symposium on Potential Productivity of Field Crops under Different Environments. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Phillipines, September 1980. pp: 129-154.
Burcha, M. and Khurduk, N. 1986. Interaction between vegetative biomass and size of grain yield in different genotypes of winter Triticale. W.B.T. Abs., 5: 352.
Sisodia, N.S. and McGinnis, R.C. 1970. Importance of hexaploid Triticale germplasm in hexaploid triticale breeding. Crop Science, 10: 161-162.
Sanchez-Monge, E. 1959. Hexaploid triticale. Proceedings of the First International Triticale Genetics Symposium. University of Manitoba, Canada, pp: 181-194.
Zillinsky, F.J. and Borlaug, N.E. 1971. Progress in developing triticale as an economic crop. CIMMYT, Mexico. Research Bulletin, 17: 1-27.
Reddy, V.R.K. 2001. Character association in hexaploid triticale. Crop Res. 22 (1) : 94-98.
Aly, R.M. and El-Bana, A.Y.A. 1994. Grain yield analysis for nine wheat cultivars grown in newly cultivated sandy soil under different N fertilization levels .Zagazing. J. Agric. Res. 21: 67-77.
Naderi, A.,Hashemi Dezfouli, S.A., Rezaei, A. H., Majidi Heravan, A., Nourmohammadi Ghorban, E. 2000. Study on correlation of traits and components affecting grain weight and determination of effect of some physiological parameters on grain yield in spring wheat genotypes under optimum and drought stress conditions. Seed and Plant. Volume 16, Number 3, pp. 374-386. (In Persian)
Zare Feizabadi, A. 1993. The effect of different forage harvest times on agronomic characteristics, nutritional value of forage and grain yield of several barley and triticale cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Kazemi Arbat, H. Private agronomy. Tehran University Publishing Center. pp. 271-293. (In Persian)
Ghodsi, M. 1995. Investigation of the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on agronomic characteristics, green forage and grain yield of barley and triticale cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis. Tehran University. (In Persian)
Ghodsi, M. 2009. Triticale, technical instructions for planting, holding and harvesting. Technical Journal. Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. (In Persian)
Bittle, D.C. and Gustafson, J.P. 1991. High molecular weight glutenin from wheat for triticale flour improvement. Proc. 2 nd . Int. Triticale Symp. Mexico.D.F.CIMMYT.P. 550-553.
2009. Research results on breeding and agronomic triticale. Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. Cereals Research Department. (In Persian)
Khodarahmi, M., Amini, A. and Bihamta, M.R. 2006. Study on relationship of traits and path analysis of grain yield of Triticale. Jouranl of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, Volume 1, 77-84. (In Persian)
Irani, S., Arzani, A., Rezai, A. Study of agronomic characteristics of doubled haploid lines and their derivative breeding lines in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). Volume 12, Number 1, pp. 55-65. (In Persian)
Koocheki, A. ,Gholami, H., Khodarahmi, M. 2012. Selection of Triticale lines based on yield and nutritive values. Journal of Crop Productio Research. Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 11-22. (In Persian)
