تاثیر انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز

محورهای موضوعی : انرژی های تجدید پذیر

سمیه دانشوری ¹ , پروانه سلاطین ² , محمد خلیل زاده ³

1 - کارشناسی ارشد، رشته مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران. * (مسئول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/07/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/12/01

کلید واژه: انرژی های تجدیدپذیر, داده های پانل, گازهای گلخانه ای, اقتصاد سبز,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با افزایش جمعیت جهان و محدود بودن منابع انرژی، کشورها با مشکل مصرف انرژی مواجه شده اند. بحران هایی که کشورها و جوامع بشری را تهدید می کند، محدود بودن منابع انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر (فسیلی) و نیز افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف بیش از اندازه سوخت های فسیلی است که این عوامل ضرورت و اهمیت توجه به استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر را نشان می دهد. ارتباط تنگاتنگ میان موضوعات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی سبب مطرح شدن رویکردهای جدید در حوزه حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست شده است که یکی از مهمترین آنها، اقتصاد سبز می باشد. از آن جایی که یکی از مهم ترین اهداف اقتصاد سبز، کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای است، لذا استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر یک راه میانبر برای رسیدن به اقتصاد سبز می باشد. در این راستا هدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی مقایسه ای میزان تاثیرگذاری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد متوسط و درآمد بالا است. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر یک تحقیق کاربردی و از نظر روش تحقیق استنباطی است. روش و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات و منابع آماری نیز روش اسنادی مکتوب، اطلاعات الکترونیکی و فیش برداری می باشد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل در گروه کشورهای منتخب به روش اثرات ثابت در دوره زمانی 2016- 2005 نشان داد که مصرف انرژی های تجدیدپذیر تاثیر منفی و معنی داری بر انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن به عنوان شاخص نشان دهنده اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب دارد. همچنین میزان تاثیرگذاری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر بر اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد متوسط بیشتر از گروه کشورهای منتخب درآمد بالا است. سایر نتایج نشان داد که رشد اقتصادی و درجه باز بودن اقتصاد تاثیر مثبت و معنی دار و سرمایه انسانی، فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) و حاکمیت قانون تاثیر منفی و معنی داری بر انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن به عنوان شاخص نشان دهنده اقتصاد سبز در گروه کشورهای منتخب دارند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، تمیز (پاک)، فراوان و قابل اعتماد هستند و در صورتی که به طور صحیح توسعه یابند، می توانند به عنوان منابع انرژی پایدار نقش مهمی در رسیدن به اهداف توسعه پایدار داشته باشند. دلیل اصلی تاکید بر استفاده از انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، علاوه بر کمک به حل معضلات زیست محیطی و جلوگیری از هدر رفتن سوخت های فسیلی، حفاظت از منابع طبیعی برای نسل های آینده است که بدون شک انرژی های تجدید پذیر با توجه به سادگی فناوری شان نقش مهمی در اقتصاد سبز و توسعه اقتصادی پایدار دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels which shows the necessities and importance of using renewable energy resources. The close link between the economic and environmental issues has raised new approaches to the field of international environmental law, one of the most prominent of which is the green economy, and since one of the main goals of the green economy is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the use of renewable energy sources is a quick way to achieve a green economy. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to review the comparative effect of renewable energy on green economy in two groups of selected countries that produce and consume renewable energy with high and middle income. Methodology: This study is an applied research and inferential research method. The method and tool for collecting information and statistical resources are written documents, electronic information and taking notes. Findings: The results of model estimation in the selected countries with Fixed Effects Method during the period of 2005-2016 showed that the use of renewable energy has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of the green economy in the selected countries. Also, the effect of renewable energy on the green economy in the group of selected middle income countries is higher than that of high-income countries. Other results showed that economic growth and openness had a positive and significant impact, human capital, ICT and rule of law had a negative and significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of green economy in the group of selected countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Renewable energies are clean, abundant and reliable and if properly developed, can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals as sustainable sources of energy. The main reason for the emphasis on the use of renewable energies, in addition to helping to solve environmental problems and preventing the loss of fossil fuels, is the conservation of natural resources for future generations, which undoubtedly renewable energy, given their simplicity of technology, plays a significant role in the green economy and sustainable economic development.

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