برآورد آلودگی هوای ناشی از تردد وسایل نقلیه عمومی درون شهری شهرستان یزد
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوازهرا نصراللهی 1 , هانیه پوش دوزباشی 2
1 - دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه یزد *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد دانشگاه یزد
کلید واژه: ترافیک شهری, حمل و نقل, توسعه پایدار, حمل و نقل ریلی, آلودگی هوا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه ازدحام جمعیت شهرها و تمایل به شهرنشینی، نیاز مردم را به استفاده از وسایل حمل و نقل فزونی بخشیده و از این رو، وجود یک سیستم حمل‌و‌نقل عمومی مطمئن، کارا و اقتصادی، با کمترین آثار مخرب زیستی در راستای رسیدن به توسعه پایدار گامی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. چه آن‌که حمل و نقل شهری یکی از زمینه‌های اصلی توسعه اقتصادی محسوب میشود؛ موضوعی که لزوم برنامه‌ریزی صحیح را در زمینه حــمل و نقــل شهری مورد تاکید قرار می‌دهد. از این رو، این مقاله با هدف بررسی آلودگی هوای ناشی از تردد وسایل حمل ونقل عمومی درون شهری در شهرستان یزد و برآورد آلودگی ناشی از آن‌ها در این مسیر تدوین شده است. روش بررسی : داده‌های مورد نیاز این مطالعه از طریق مراجعه به سازمان تاکسی‌رانی و اتوبوس‌رانی شهرستان یزد و هم‌چنین مراجعه میدانی در بین رانندگان جمع‌آوری شده است. یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، تردد وسایل نقلیه عمومی در شهرستان یزد باعث انتشار سالانه 306 تن ذرات معلق،730 تن هیدروکربور، 1424 تن مونو اکسید کربن، 68934 تن دی اکسید کربن، 389 تن دی اکسید گوگرد، 4 تن تری اکسید گوگرد و666 تن مونواکسید نیتروژن میشود. هم‌چنین، گازوییل عمده‌ترین سوخت مصرفی وسایل حمل و نقل عمومی است که آلایندگی قابل توجهی را به دنبال دارد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: از این رو، حمل و نقل ریلی به دلیل کاهش مصرف سوخت به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مناسب و راهکاری عملی در جهت توسعه پایدار شهری به منظور بهبود وضعیت ترافیک شهری شهرستان یزد، راندمان بالای سرعت جابه‌جایی و صرفه جویی در هزینه‌های استفاده از وسایل نقلیه شخصی و درمانی پیشنهاد میشود.
Background and Objective: Today, urban sprawl and the desire for urbanization have increased the need for people to use transportation, and therefore, the existence of a safe, efficient and economical public transportation system, with the least bio-destructive effects, is a necessary step towards sustainable development. It seams the urban transport is one of the main areas of economic development; an issue that emphasizes the need for proper planning in the field of urban transportation. Therefore, this article has been compiled with the aim of investigating air pollution caused by public transport in Yazd city and estimating the pollution caused by them in this route. Method: The data required for this study were collected by refer to relevant organizations and also field visit of the drivers, then for estimation and analysis software Excel were used. Findings: The results show that the traffic of public transport in the city of Yazd cause annual emissions of 306 tons of particulate matter, 730 tons of Hydrocarbons, 1,424 tons of carbon monoxide, 68,934 tons of carbon dioxide, 389 tons of sulfur dioxide and 4 tons of sulfur trioxide and 666 tons monoxide is nitrogen. Discussion and Conclusion: Rail transport is recommended as appropriate and practical way to improve the traffic situation in the city of Yazd, high efficiency velocity and efficiency of private vehicles and the costs and reduction of pollution is the benefits.
- Hutchison, R. 2010. Encyclopedia of Urban Studies. SAGE Publications.
- Hine, J. 2000. Integration, integration, integration … Planning for sustainable and integrated transport systems in new millennium. Journal of Transport Policy, Vol.&, No. 3, pp:176-177.
- Tajdar V, Akbari M, International approaches to public transport in cities. Journal of Urban Queries 2009; Vol 26,27: 102-115. (In Persian)
- Fallah Kohan H. R. 2011. Project estimation of external costs caused by the transport sector, Research Institute of Transport. Ministry of Roads & Urban Development. With Allameh Tabatabai University, Office of Finance and Administration 2011. (In Persian)
- Karimzadegan H,. “External costs of land transport (Identification and Investigation)”, Ministry of Roads & Urban Development, Research Institute of Transportation, Department of Transport Economics and Sustainable Development. 2010. (In Persian)
- Edalati A,. 2003. Energy and pollution caused by them. The first Congress of air pollution. September 2003. (In Persian)
- Zarei mahmoud Abady H. Dehghan Tezerjani F, Vise S,. 2010. Estimates of Air Pollution and Minibus Taxis Carry Passengers on Routes Yazd-Ardakan. Journal of rising health, 9(4): (In Persian)
- Esmaeeli A. R,. 2011. Sustainable Ttransport and Urban Development, Report Tabnak, The kod of New: 192108, 21 September 2011. [Persian]
- Behzadfar M,. Golrizan F,. 2008. Sustainable Transport. International Road & Structure Monthly Magazine, Vol 55, pp: 16-22. (In Persian)
- Taleghani M, Asgari M. H,. 2006. Energy Management in the Transport Sector and Its Impact on Economic Development. Journal of Management, Vol (111, 112). (In Persian)
- Rassafi. Amir Abbas, Zarabadipour, Sh. 2009. The Study of Sustainable Development of Transportation in Iran Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11 (2): pp 33-46.
- European Commission 1995,Towards fair and efjicient pricing in transport: Policy option for internalising the external costs of transport in the European Union ,Directorate-General for Transport DG VII,Com(95)691.
- Sadeghi Dehnavi M,. Shiran GH,. Pour moalem N,. 2004. Estimates of Air Pollution caused by traffic flows on city streets. First National Congress on Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology.
- Joneidi, Jafari A,. Zohor A and et al. 2010. Estimated of Number of Cardiac and respiratory deaths Attributed to Air Pollution in Tehran. Quarterly Teb va Tazkieh, 17(74-75): 37-47[Persian]
- Zonooz, H. Zaraa nezhad, M and et al,. 2011. The External Costs of Using Private Cars in Tehran City. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, (previously Economic Review), 8(2): 51-77. (In Persian)
- Zarabi A, Mohamadi j ,Abdolahi AA, Investigation & Assessment of stable and mobile resources at the air pollution of Esfahan city ,Geographic journal-2010; 8(26). [Persian]
- Air pollution and Health Effects, Tehran Air Quality Control Company, 30 August 2009 (http://www.mozh.org/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=164)
- Gheas aldin M,. Air pollution and its effects. The Comprehensive of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Second Edition, 2006; volume 1. (In Persian)
- Montazeri M, Darvishi H, Air Pollution and the effects of metro in its decline. 12th International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 19, 20 February 2013. (In Persian)
- Yazdan Panahi, M,. Maleki, K,. Investigating the position of transportation in sustainable urban economic development. 2008, 268. (In Persian)
- Transportation and Development, Iranian Association of Rail Transport Engineering, 2010; Vol 40. (In Persian)
_||_
- Hutchison, R. 2010. Encyclopedia of Urban Studies. SAGE Publications.
- Hine, J. 2000. Integration, integration, integration … Planning for sustainable and integrated transport systems in new millennium. Journal of Transport Policy, Vol.&, No. 3, pp:176-177.
- Tajdar V, Akbari M, International approaches to public transport in cities. Journal of Urban Queries 2009; Vol 26,27: 102-115. (In Persian)
- Fallah Kohan H. R. 2011. Project estimation of external costs caused by the transport sector, Research Institute of Transport. Ministry of Roads & Urban Development. With Allameh Tabatabai University, Office of Finance and Administration 2011. (In Persian)
- Karimzadegan H,. “External costs of land transport (Identification and Investigation)”, Ministry of Roads & Urban Development, Research Institute of Transportation, Department of Transport Economics and Sustainable Development. 2010. (In Persian)
- Edalati A,. 2003. Energy and pollution caused by them. The first Congress of air pollution. September 2003. (In Persian)
- Zarei mahmoud Abady H. Dehghan Tezerjani F, Vise S,. 2010. Estimates of Air Pollution and Minibus Taxis Carry Passengers on Routes Yazd-Ardakan. Journal of rising health, 9(4): (In Persian)
- Esmaeeli A. R,. 2011. Sustainable Ttransport and Urban Development, Report Tabnak, The kod of New: 192108, 21 September 2011. [Persian]
- Behzadfar M,. Golrizan F,. 2008. Sustainable Transport. International Road & Structure Monthly Magazine, Vol 55, pp: 16-22. (In Persian)
- Taleghani M, Asgari M. H,. 2006. Energy Management in the Transport Sector and Its Impact on Economic Development. Journal of Management, Vol (111, 112). (In Persian)
- Rassafi. Amir Abbas, Zarabadipour, Sh. 2009. The Study of Sustainable Development of Transportation in Iran Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11 (2): pp 33-46.
- European Commission 1995,Towards fair and efjicient pricing in transport: Policy option for internalising the external costs of transport in the European Union ,Directorate-General for Transport DG VII,Com(95)691.
- Sadeghi Dehnavi M,. Shiran GH,. Pour moalem N,. 2004. Estimates of Air Pollution caused by traffic flows on city streets. First National Congress on Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology.
- Joneidi, Jafari A,. Zohor A and et al. 2010. Estimated of Number of Cardiac and respiratory deaths Attributed to Air Pollution in Tehran. Quarterly Teb va Tazkieh, 17(74-75): 37-47[Persian]
- Zonooz, H. Zaraa nezhad, M and et al,. 2011. The External Costs of Using Private Cars in Tehran City. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, (previously Economic Review), 8(2): 51-77. (In Persian)
- Zarabi A, Mohamadi j ,Abdolahi AA, Investigation & Assessment of stable and mobile resources at the air pollution of Esfahan city ,Geographic journal-2010; 8(26). [Persian]
- Air pollution and Health Effects, Tehran Air Quality Control Company, 30 August 2009 (http://www.mozh.org/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=164)
- Gheas aldin M,. Air pollution and its effects. The Comprehensive of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Second Edition, 2006; volume 1. (In Persian)
- Montazeri M, Darvishi H, Air Pollution and the effects of metro in its decline. 12th International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 19, 20 February 2013. (In Persian)
- Yazdan Panahi, M,. Maleki, K,. Investigating the position of transportation in sustainable urban economic development. 2008, 268. (In Persian)
- Transportation and Development, Iranian Association of Rail Transport Engineering, 2010; Vol 40. (In Persian)
