ارزیابی آلودگی خروجی مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل¬آلا، (مطالعه موردی؛ چشمه سرداب اردل)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
سحر امینیان
1
(
کارشناسی ارشد تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
)
رسول زمانی احمدمحمودی
2
(
دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
فرزانه نیکوخواه
3
(
استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: پساب مزارع پرورش ماهی, پایش, پارامتر¬های فیزیکی و شیمیایی, اردل.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از منابع آلودگی در رودخانه¬ها، تخلیه پساب حاصل از مزارع پرورش ماهی است که سبب کاهش کیفیت آب رودخانه¬ها جهت استفاده¬های گوناگون گردیده است. در این تحقیق تاثیر پساب کارگاه¬های پرورش ماهی قزل¬آلای رنگین کمان بر میزان پارامتر¬های فیزیکی و شیمیایی چشمه سرداب رستم¬آباد منطقه اردل بررسی شد. روش بررسی: به منظور ارزیابی آلودگی خروجی مزارع پرورش ماهی، پنج کارگاه پرورش ماهی قزل¬الا احداث شده در حاشیه چشمه سرداب انتخاب شد و در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز سال 1395 میزان پارامتر¬های فیزیکی و شیمیایی پساب مزارع قزل¬الا از جمله، pH، دما، اکسیژن محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، نیترات، آمونیاک، فسفات و کدورت مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. یافته¬ها: طبق نتایج به دست آمده بین مقادیر pH، دما، اکسیژن محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، آمونیاک، فسفات و کدورت در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز از لحاظ آماری اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت (05/0t-test , p>) در حالی که بین مقادیر نیترات در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز از لحاظ آماری اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0, p< t-test). بحث و نتیجه گیری: به¬طور کلی میزان پارامتر¬های فیزیکی و شیمیایی در فصل تابستان در مقایسه با فصل پاییز بیش¬تر بود. افزايش در مقدار پارامتر¬هاي مورد بررسي در ماه¬هاي گرم احتمالاً به علت افزايش دما و كاهش دبي آب است، علاوه بر عوامل ذكرشده، افزايش فعاليت¬هاي سوخت و ساز و تراكم ماهی¬ها در اين فصل مي¬تواند باعث افزايش در مقدار پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی گردد.
Background and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sardab spring. Material and Methodology: To assess contamination from the effluent, five trout farms along the margin of the river were selected. In summer and autumn 2016, this study analyzed the levels of physicochemical parameters of trout farm effluent, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. Findings: According to the obtained results, no significant differences were detected between pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and turbidity in the two seasons (t-test, p>0.05), but a significant difference between levels of nitrate was found in these time periods (t-test, p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The overall level of physicochemical parameters in that summer was higher compared to autumn. The increase in the levels of the investigated parameters in warm weather is probably due to increased temperature and decreased discharge. Rapid population growth in the area of Ardal and the demand for protein foods makes monitoring of the levels of physicochemical parameters of fish farms necessary. In addition to the mentioned factors, increasing the metabolic activities and density of fish in this season can increase the amount of physical and chemical parameters.
1. Jafari Bari, Mehdi, 2001, Principles of Aquatic Engineering, Iranian Fisheries Company, Deputy of Aquaculture Reproduction. (In Persian)
2. Jihad Engineering Services Company, 1999, First Stage Studies of Badinabad Aquaculture Complex, Water Resources Report. (In Persian)
3. Abdollah Mashaei, Mehrdad, 2000, Guide to Breeding and Reproduction of Rainbow trout, Nourbakhsh Publications. (In Persian)
4. Chaudhari L.P., 2001. Supplemental Irrigation Through Conjunctive Use of Rainwater for Aquaculture and Horticulture, International Specialty Conference, University of Dundee.
5. Davis J.T., 1993, Survey of Aquaculture Effluent Permitting and 1993 Standards in the Sourth, Southern Regional Aquaclture Center.
6. Smith D., 1997, Aquaculture Effluent Management, NCRAC, North Central Regional Aquaculture Center Compendium Rep.
7. Kazemzadeh Khajavi, A., Ismaili Sari, A., Ghasem Pouri, S. M. 2003. Survey of pollution caused by salmon workshops in Haraz River. Iranian Journal of Marine Science 3: 27-35. (In Persian)
8. Bergheim, A., Brinker, A. 2003. Effluent treatment for flow through systems and European environmental regulations. Aquacultural Engineering. 7: 61-77.
9. Pulatsu, S., Rad, F., Koksal, G., Aydın, F. 2004. The Impact of rainbow trout Farm effluents on water quality of Karasu stream, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 4: 9-15.
10. Naderi Jollodar, M., Esmaili Sari, A., Ahmadi, M. R., Seifabadi, SJ, Abdoli, A. 2007. Survey of pollution caused by rainbow trout on water quality parameters of Haraz River. Environmental Science 2: 21-36. (In Persian)
11. Miller, D., Semmens, K. 2002. Waste Management in Aquaculture. West Virginia University Extension Service Publication No. AQ02-1. USA.
12. Maillard, V.M., Boardman, G.D., Nyland, J.E., Kuhn, D.D. 2005. Water quality and sludge characterization at raceway-system trout farms. Aquaculture Engineering. 33: 271-28419-Person.
13. Zarezadeh F, Farhadian M, Khosravi M, Soltani S. Survey of environmental effects of rice fields on Zayandeh-Rood River Proceedings of the National Conference on Clean Water 2010; p. 8. (In Persian)
14. Hassanzadeh P. 2000. Agenda of Bacteriology Laboratory, Faculty of Science. Department of Biology, Shiraz University. 174 pages. (In Persian)
15. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste waters. 20th ed. United States of America: American Public Health Association. 34-38.
16. Baba Mukher, Fisheries Diseases, Sixth Edition, University of Tehran Publications, 2010, Jedwal, pages 48-49. (In Persian)
17. Zarezadeh F, Farhadian M, Khosravi M, of environmental Soltani S. Survey effects of rice fields on Zayandeh-Rood River Proceedings of the National Conference on Clean Water 2010; p. 8. (In Persian)
18. Pedersen, C.L., 1987. Energy budgets for juvenile rainbow trout at various oxygen concentrations. Aquaculture 62, 289-298.
19. Person J., Lacut A., Le Bayon, N., Le Roux, A. and Pichuvant, K., 2003. Effects of reputed hypoxia shocks on growth and metabolism of trout juveniles. Aquatic Living Resource 16, 25-34.
20. Nader, Sh. Shari'ah, 2001. Investigation of Relationship between Biological Indices and Water Quality Parameter in the Drinking Water Distribution System of Rural Areas of Qazvin Province. Proceedings of the 6th National Conference on Environmental Health. Mazandaran. (In Persian)
21. Soleimani N, Ramzi Esmaili M, Chelehmal Dezpholnezhad M. Survey of environmental effects of fish farming in Khuzestan Province. Proceedings of the 1th Regional Conference on Environment and pollutants2011; p. 7. (In Persian)
22. Tayebi L, Sobhanardakani S. Monitoring of water quality parameters of Gamasiab River and affecting factors on these parameters. J Environ Sci Tech 2012; 53: 48-37. (In Persian)
23. McNeely, R. N., Neimanis, V. P., 1979.Water quality sourcebook, A guide to waterquality parameter, water quality branch. OTAWA, Canada.14p.
24. Colt J., Watten, B. and Rust, M., 2009. Modeling carbon dioxide, pH, and un-ionized ammonia relationships in serial reuse systems. Aquaculture Engineering 30, 28-44.
25. European Economic Community (EEC), 1978. Council Directive of 18 July on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life, 78, 659. EEC, Brussels.
26. Boaventura, R., Pedro, A.M., Coimbra, J., Lencastre, E. 1997. Trout farm effluents characterization and impact on the receiving streams. Environmental Pollution. 95: 379-387.
27. Brown R. M., McClelland N. I., Deininger R. A., Tozer R., "GA water quality index: Do we dare?", Water & Sewage Works, 117 (1970) 339-343.
28. Ardakani S. S. Mehrabi Z. Ehteshami M. 2014. Effect of Aquaculture Farms Wastewater on Physicochemical Parameters of Kabkian River. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 24 (113). 140-149.
29. Andreia dalla V. Carolin R. Rodringos. Mayra C. S. Fernanda G. S. Andreia H. Eliane L. S. Carlos A. N. Daniela M. Q. Juliane D. F. Larissa S. H. Sabrina E. M. A. Fernando R. S. 2015. Surface water quality in the Sinos River basin, in Southern Brazil: tracking microbiological contamination and correlation with physicochemical parameters. Environ Sci Pollut Res22:9899–9911.
30. Aazami j. Esmaili-Sari A. Abdoli A. Sohrabi.H and Van den Brink.P.J.2015. Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Tajan River, Iran using physicochemical, fish and macroinvertebrates indices.10: 015-0186.
31. Jian-Ping S. Robby Yussac T.2016. Aquaculture Water Quality Index: a low-cost index to accelerate aquaculture development in Indonesia. Aquacult Int (2016) 24:295–312.
32. Ehlinger Sandgren, C., T. J., D. and Dethorne, S. L., 2003. Monitoring of stream Habitat and Aquatic Biotic Integrity Lincoln Creec Milwaukee Country, Wisconsin, Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. 42p.
33. Rasti M, Nabavi SMB, Jafarzadeh Haghighi 33-Fard N, Mobed P. Investigation of the effect of aquaculture effluent on water quality of Gargar River. Proceedings of the 3th National Conference on Iran's Environmental Crisis & Improvement of Its 2006; 6 P. (In Persian)
34. Kelly LA, Stellwagen J, Bergheim A. Waste loadings from a fresh-water Atlantic salmon farm in Scotland. Water Res Bull 1996; 32(5): 1017-25.
35. Bagherian Kalat A, Angoshtari H, Ghafurian R, Nekoei AA. Survey of the effect of fish farms effluent on microbial status of Sarrud Kalat River. Proceedings of the 4th National Conference & Exhibition on Environmental Engineering 2010; p. 11. (In Persian)
36. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1996. Quality criteria for waters, Washington D. C.
37. Sadeghi N. Rainbow Trout Culture. Tehran: Naghshe-Mehr Publications, 2001. (In Persian)
