بررسی تحلیلی محیط زیست از نگاه دیدگاههای دولت مدار،بدون دولت و مشارکت گرایانه
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
سید بهزاد لسانی
1
,
علی مشهدی
2
,
سید احمد حبیب نژاد
3
,
محمد حبیبی مجنده
4
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه قم.
3 - استادیار دانشکده حقوق پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران.
4 - دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه مفید قم.
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/04/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/06/14
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01
کلید واژه:
مشارکت,
محیط زیست,
شهروندان,
دولت,
سازمانهای مردم نهاد,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به آن که از یک سو انسان ها حق دارند از محیط زیستی سالم و متعادل و مساعد برای توسعه اقتصادی اجتماعی برخوردار گردند و از دیگر سو محیط زیست موضوعی است که هم مربوط به دولت می شود و هم مربوط به شهروندان، از این رو این مقاله با هدف بررسی تحلیلی نسبت محیط زیست،دولت و شهروندی در صدد بیان رویکردهای مختلف در رابطه با محیط زیست تدوین شده است.این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و با استفاده از روش کتابخانه ای،تهیه فیش و مراجعه به کتب و مقالات متعدد در سال 1397 انجام گرفته است.یافته ها نشان می دهددر مورد نحوه ارتباط و برخورد با مسائل زیست محیطی سه رویکرد عمده وجود دارد. در رویکرد دولت مدار شامل دیدگاه سوسیالیست ها و مارکسیست ها ، دولت های فاشیستی و نازیستی، دولت های رفاهی و دولت های سبز بر نقش دولت ها در امر حفاظت از محیط زیست تاکید می شود. در رویکرد بدون دولت یا دخالت حداقلی دولت نیز دیدگاه لیبرال ها ،پست مدرنیست ها و آنارشیست ها و محیط زیست گرایان بر نقش محدود و حداقل و یا عدم حضور و دخالت دولت ها در حوزه محیط زیست تأکید می گردد و در رویکرد مشارکت گرایانه که منطقی ترین رویکرد است، بر نقش و کارکرد سازمانهای غیر دولتی مردم نهاد و نهادهای محلی به عنوان سازمانهای مکمل بخش دولتی در مورد مسائل زیست محیطی کشور بحث می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The aim of this research is the considerate attitude three main approaches including government oriented , no government approach or minimal government involvement and participatory approach .This research is analytic descriptive and author investigate by library method and arrangement index card and reference to various books and papers .The findings indicate that in government oriented approach including the views of Socialists and Marxists , Fascist and Nazi governments, welfare and green states, The state's role in protecting the environment is emphasized. The non-governmental or minimal intervention approaches also include the views of liberals, postmodernists, and Anarchists and environmentalists emphasize the limited and minimal role or lack of involvement of governments in the field of the environment and collaborative approach, that is the most appropriate and logical approach emphasizes the role of NGOs and the role of local organizations as public sector supplementing organizations on the environmental issues of countries.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Banapoor, H., Rethink the liberalism and human right,Vatson, G., 2009, The journal of Thought Reflect, No.115, P.402. (In Persian)
Forsyth, D., 2006, Human Rights In International Relations, Cambridge University Press,P.159
Sharifi Tarazkohi, H., Mostafaloo, J., 2016, The normative catechism of doctrine of human security ,The journal of Horizons of Security, No.33, P.111. (In Persian)
Mosaffa, N., Ebrahimi, N., 2008, The Station of human right in international relation views, The journal of politic,Vol.38, No.4, PP.267-268. (In Persian)
Zaerkaebe, R., 2016, The look of Postmodernist to environment ,Yazd Sun newspaper, P.4. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, D., 2003, Postmodernism, Globalization and environmental crisis in Third thousandth, 2003, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,Vol.4,No.19,P.1. (In Persian)
Zandi, B., The unions of Anarshism and Femenism,Frezer,M.,2008,The journal of Permanent Peace,P.5(In Persian)
Abdollahi,H.,Anarshism,Voodkak, J., 1989, Moein Publication, P.112.(In Persian)
Rome, A.,2003, Give Earth a chance , The Environmental Movement and the Sixties, Journal of American History, PP.15-17
Golmohammadi,S.,Yousefi,A.,2009,The role and participation of NGO,s in development of environmental law, Journal of mountain environment, No.14, P.3. (In Persian)
Ghazi Shariat Panahi, , 1994, The precise of constitutional law, Yalda publication, P.54. (In Persian)
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Abbasi,B.,2011,Human rights and fundamental liberties, Tehran, Dadgostar publication, P.452. (In Persian)
Molaei,Y., 2007, The third of generation of human right and the right to healthy environment, Journal of the law, vol.37, No.4, P.273(In Persian)
Ramezani ghavamabadi, M., Shafigh fard, H., 2016, Sustainable development and the right to healthy environment: view of future generations, Journal of world politics, Vol.5, No1,P.280. (In Persian)
Khosravi, H., 2016,The right to healthy environment and good government, Bioethics Journal, No20,P.132.(In Persian)
Mashhadi, A., 2014, The substantive constitution of the right to environment in the law of the Iran and France, Journal of comparative law review, Vol.5, No.2, P.560.(In Persian)
Rahmatollahi, H., Shirzad, O., 2014, The right to environment In the manner of the court of administrative justice, journal of Islamic human rights studying, Third year, No.6, P.99. (In Persian)
Habibi,M., 2003, The right to enjoyment of healthy environment as humanity right, Journal of the law,No.60, PP.144-146.(In Persian)
Salehi, S., Environment sociology, Hanigen, J., 2014, Samt publication, PP.20-21 and 43-44. (In Persian)
Goldbalt, D., Nejati Hoseini, M., 2000, Environment and social recommendation, Journal of Urban and rural management, No.4, P.89. (In Persian)
Foster, J., Holleman, H, 2014, The Theory of Unequal Ecological Exchange :A Marx-Odam Dialectic, The Journal Of Peasant Studies, No. 1-2,P.200
Lee, D.C.,1980, On The Marxian View Of The Relationship Between Man And Nature , Journal of environmental ethics,No.2, PP.3-16
Mohammadi, A., 2009, Ecofascism in relation of human and circumference, Resalat newspaper, No.6787, P.5. (In Persian)
Payne, S., 1996, History of Fascism.1914-1945, University of Wisconsin Press, P.220.
Frans, J., Bruggemeir, M., Cioc, T., 2006, How Green Were The Nazis?Nature,Environment And Nation In The Third Reich, Ohio University Press, P.283.
Gonen, J.,2013, The Roots Of Nazi Psychology, University Press Of Kentucky, P.17.
Nikkhah,V.,Vije, M., Ramezani ghavamabadi, M, 2016, The law analysis of relation of government and environment towards green government, Journal of political science, No.3, PP.148-154. (In Persian)
Torabi, G .,2010, The environment from the view of realism, liberalism and extremist nativism to emphasize to Kioto protocol, Journal of foreign politic, twenty forth year,No.3, P.747. (In Persian)
Banapoor, H., Rethink the liberalism and human right,Vatson, G., 2009, The journal of Thought Reflect, No.115, P.402. (In Persian)
Forsyth, D., 2006, Human Rights In International Relations, Cambridge University Press,P.159
Sharifi Tarazkohi, H., Mostafaloo, J., 2016, The normative catechism of doctrine of human security ,The journal of Horizons of Security, No.33, P.111. (In Persian)
Mosaffa, N., Ebrahimi, N., 2008, The Station of human right in international relation views, The journal of politic,Vol.38, No.4, PP.267-268. (In Persian)
Zaerkaebe, R., 2016, The look of Postmodernist to environment ,Yazd Sun newspaper, P.4. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, D., 2003, Postmodernism, Globalization and environmental crisis in Third thousandth, 2003, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,Vol.4,No.19,P.1. (In Persian)
Zandi, B., The unions of Anarshism and Femenism,Frezer,M.,2008,The journal of Permanent Peace,P.5(In Persian)
Abdollahi,H.,Anarshism,Voodkak, J., 1989, Moein Publication, P.112.(In Persian)
Rome, A.,2003, Give Earth a chance , The Environmental Movement and the Sixties, Journal of American History, PP.15-17
Golmohammadi,S.,Yousefi,A.,2009,The role and participation of NGO,s in development of environmental law, Journal of mountain environment, No.14, P.3. (In Persian)
Ghazi Shariat Panahi, , 1994, The precise of constitutional law, Yalda publication, P.54. (In Persian)
